Disclaimer: This article is a blogger original article, follow the CC 4.0 BY-SA copyright agreement, reproduced, please attach the original source link and this statement.
The world's first block chain project - Bitcoin system was born has been a full 10 years. Experienced the climax of the year 2017 and the first half of 2018, the whole industry chain block has now entered the trough. Most of the once-popular block chain project halfway died, a small part is still holding on, can take root very few flowering block chain project. Bitcoin, Ethernet Square, two blocks chain earliest development of the system continues to be the industry's most successful projects.
This result is of course the block chain project born of utopian idealism are related, but more direct, most of the block chain project did not find the right profit model.
Abstract point of view, the profit model is a realization of value creation, value capture, organize the distribution of benefits and mechanisms of business architecture through its own resources and stakeholders to integrate formed. Specifically, operating profit model is to identify and manage elements of value, find profitable opportunities in the business elements, and explore the source of corporate profits, production processes and systems approach output mode.
The different stages of the project which corresponds to the profit model?
In a general sense profit model can be divided into self-conscious and profit model of profit model two types.
Spontaneous profit model, the enterprise (project party) on how to make money, can be profitable lack of clear understanding, even if there is profit, but the profit model is not clear not clear. This has a hidden profit model, fuzziness, etc., are naturally formed, the result rather than proactive design.
Consciously profit model is business (project party), to conduct business summary consciously adjusted by business practices and proactive design, characterized by a clear way of profit, relevance, relative stability, environmental adaptability and flexibility and thus the formation of .
In the initial stage of market competition, business (project) mostly in the formative years, it is not yet mature, and its profit model is mostly spontaneous. As the market competition and enterprise (project) continues to mature, companies (project party) will increase investment in research on market competition and their own profit model. Even so, not all enterprises (projects) can be lucky enough to find a profit model. Profit model requires in-depth analysis of enterprise (project) operating elements, these elements of value management to identify and manage, and improve the existing way of profit, to be successful match.
What are the industry value model?
Business (project) in a certain period can be profitable, his mouth is bound within a certain value creation and value capture. In a general sense, the industrial value models generally have the following three.
- Product margins leading
enterprise (project) individual concern, centralized product to achieve real profits, more performance for centralized technologies, capabilities and products get the actual benefits of growth, profits and assets or owners' equity. Product performance fully in the interests of the state of nature and individual enterprises. - Stakeholder value leading
mechanism or platform-based industrial chain around the chain or platform or integrated industry resources, stakeholders design industry or services, and the formation of industrial or collaboration service platform to create profits and value, respectively, the main types of derive profit or benefit value. - Social values dominant
in the late industrial agglomeration will produce industry leading enterprise platform in the infrastructure industry level, these enterprise platform will generate a level similar to the state monopoly in the industry rules, the common base technology industry, industry and other fields recognized at fair rating and occupies most of the profits and value to society in a coordinated manner. The value of such infrastructure platform level to society finds ways exist, with broad borders and huge scale, often minorities in a non-competitive market way to grasp the initiative.
What kind of industry value chain model project contains different types of blocks?
Blocks chain concept was born just 10 years, the entire industry (industry) is still in its infancy, it is not yet clear profit model, able to stick with it, the vast majority of items in the profit model of spontaneous stage. And extremely rapid changes in the industry, a clear profit model has not been revealed.
Meanwhile, the world economy into a sustained downturn, assets worldwide shortage of troubled all investors. Block chain concept soon as he was born, immediately touched the hearts of everyone's nerves, and various people competing to become the competition of the Red Sea. Block chain-related enterprises (projects) of the face of fierce competition, survival and development pressure is enormous.
Correspondingly, the block chain project is inherently utopian ideas and idealism. Nakamoto its White Paper the beginning, to the later series of public chain project, in terms of its intention, and both are to become a social value-oriented projects through a wide range of social coordination.
But any project to survive and develop, the first thing is to find their own sources of value, that is, profits for this project in the end from where. In recent years, the development of chain blocks from the project point of view, most of the project itself does not have hematopoietic function, even cherish lofty ideals, but the probability halfway down, as to whether the future can usher in the dawn is still unknown. - Public chain
public grant non-chain chain, open to everyone. Anyone can freely enter at any time, it can also be free to withdraw. Public chain block chain is the most original form of the project, but also the richest block chain to the center of the spirit of the project form.
Chain Applications from public speaking, in accordance with its own range of services and influence, both public chain should be the product of profit-oriented projects, there may be value-based project stakeholders, it should also be a social value-oriented projects. However, the public chain positioning itself in terms of the public chain should be the most value-oriented social projects.
We must see that any product or service, there is a premise that can meet the specific needs of the public chain applications are no exception, its products and services should be to get the most basic source of profits. On this basis, the public chain integration through its own resources as well as stakeholders, to create more value for our stakeholders and more people. Eventually, through products, services, technologies, standards, patents etc., the growth of social value-oriented projects.
Public chain underlying technology projects and public project application side chain is tightly bound, mainly to provide technical support for the public chain applications-oriented projects, therefore, the public chain underlying technology-oriented projects should also have product margins, the final value for the community-led growth project, but its stakeholder value is relatively weak, except for the special needs of certain areas. However, the public chain development point of view, most of the public chain outset of the project set a goal of social value-oriented projects, including public-chain application-oriented projects.
Such projects focus on operating the outset to focus on non-farm payrolls http://www.gendan5.com/nonfarmpayroll.html to expand its influence and size, but the relevant user community to provide products and services as well as value creation less consideration , but did not take into account the value of the source of ultimate source of value and stakeholder profits of its products. Therefore, this type of project quickly fell into the water without a source and unsustainable situation. This is not difficult to get verification from the current status quo of many public chain development. - Union chain
alliance is to allow chain chain, block chain business is a multi-service system for the body. Union chain born across the enterprise and organizational boundaries, therefore, is a natural alliance chain stakeholder value-oriented projects. In addition, the alliance chain must be based on specific business scenarios and specific business needs, therefore, profits are bound to have a product, but the product of profits must be allocated between the relevant stakeholders. This is the Facebook preparing to issue a White Paper Libra system in the most clear, Facebook uniting numerous enterprises, reform the system for the presence of the current monetary payment system problems, the total income for all participants to share.
Union chain is difficult to become a social value-oriented project, unless part of the alliance chain applications in a wide range of universal, independent of the chain of the Union scenes exist independently, and thus get more use and promotion in the scene. - Private chain
of private chains are permitted chain, block chain business is a single business application system for the body. From the nature of the private chain of view, the product should be the most private chain profit-oriented projects, but also become a social value-oriented project possible.
I think the general sense or private chain suitable for use within a single organization, but the definition of private chain of view, private enterprises or chain can span organizational boundaries, in accordance with the scope of business rather than business or organization category actually exists and defined. This business category may be physically present business areas, can also be a virtual business areas.
The most important feature is the main business of private chain of unity. Business single subject, means that the system must have its specific business scenarios, therefore, the premise of the system established by the private chain bound to specific application requirements, its existence is bound to form a product or service exists. Consumer product or service that has become a direct source of private chain of value creation.
Private basic chain does not become a stakeholder value oriented products. Because the private chains are permitted chains and business single, single business entity of the bearer means that the system is largely his organization, rather than self-organized, strong center, rather than multi-center. Therefore, the private chain in the form of business organization will be his. General Business Participation of the private chain even get when using this system the corresponding interest, but because it is organized, and its interests will be occupied with a relatively large uncertainty. Therefore, it is difficult through private negotiation or chain inside the game, forming a multi-stakeholder win-win situation, evolved into the dominant stakeholder value model.
If the private chain system to face scenarios with high universality, and have been very successful construction and operation of the system, then the private chain possible business scenarios from the original, but more like business-oriented scenarios, the horizontal copy the promotion, the private chain system in this sense is it possible to have social value-oriented products. But the social value-oriented, more spillover value of the product itself, rather than directly from the value of the product itself.
Under the background of traditional segments of the Internet in some applications, such as financial management system, personnel management system, library management system, have such characteristics. Product segments in the block chain background, will have this feature.
What different types of block chain profit model is the right project?
In addition to user groups from the face of the classification block chain project, can also be analyzed from different levels of the project is located. - Block chain technology projects
block chain technology projects can be somewhat analogous to the current software company project that specific scene or products, providing technology-based solutions. This type of solution, mainly for products or services, block chain technology projects have a product margins. If such projects and projects using conclude a long-term cooperation, powerful combination, deep plowing fine, profit-sharing, stakeholder profits will be generated. If the products and services that are currently out of the project background, has a certain universality, and in some areas or specific areas dominate the market, it will have some social value.
Since the block chain-related technology is still rapidly evolving process, the corresponding project scenes still need further to match, so this type of project is still in the stage of spontaneous profit model. As to whether the profit model into the conscious stage, project implementation will depend on the parties to explore the development of future technologies, products and services to expand the scope of application and adaptation. Therefore, the correct profit model of such projects is compacted product margins, a gradual transition to stakeholders profit mode after this, to find a suitable long-term partners, continue cultivating.
If the content of technology, products, services, standards, patents etc. in the form of deep plowing process can be implemented on a larger range, it is possible to enter the social value creation stage. When the project implementation through the side depth study and exploration, and its products can be occupied certain market share, profit model will enter into the conscious stage. - 区块链应用类项目
区块链应用类项目肯定是产品利润主导类项目。但这类项目在开发前期，肯定会有漫长的探索和试错，这一阶段是自发盈利模式阶段。一旦项目进入稳定的盈利时期，项目执行方会对项目实践进行理论研究和总结，并将项目的成功实践总结为项目经验，进行推广和复制，稳步进入到自觉盈利模式阶段，并进而进行针对性的产品设计改进。
这类项目由于具有独特的背景，因此很难具有横向推广价值。项目背景越独特，越难以跳脱出相应的背景进而抽离出其内在的成功经验和做法，生成广泛的社会价值。 - 区块链衍生类项目
目前广泛存在的钱包、交易所、矿机、矿场等项目，严格来讲并不能算是区块链项目，它们是区块链这一产业的衍生项目。由于这一类项目严重依赖区块链项目发行的虚拟加密资产，因此这一类项目会在相当长时间内处于自发盈利模式阶段。又因为区块链项目虚拟加密资产的发行行为是否可持续，资产价格变化趋势如何，在相当长一段时间内无法确定。
因此，这一类项目自身的盈利模式也难以确定。其盈利模式很大程度上取决于外部环境，这里的外部环境，既包括世界各国的监管政策、监管力度，也包括监管政策和不同的监管力度之下人们的预期和反应。
同区块链应用类项目一样，这一类项目也将长期是产品利润主导型项目，即使能够进入到相关利益者价值主导阶段，比如矿机生产厂商和矿池进行合作进行利润分享，但由于业务前景不明朗，也将仍旧是一种不稳定的合作关系，仍难以进入到自觉盈利模式阶段。
区块链作为一种技术手段和思想，必须要结合好的商业模式才能够盈利，从目前来看，比特币还没有成为实体经济的主流支付手段之一，其实还并不能够真实的创造利润或者财富。
比特币从目前来看，只不过是提供了一种财富转移的手段，把一部分人的钱转到另一部分人的手上。当然，这并不是否定比特币的存在的价值，作为区块链应用的开山鼻祖，其意义非凡，最终能否真正的为持有比特币或者运用比特币作为支付手段的人创造利润，我认为取决于比特币最终能获得多少人的共识，并达到优化市场资源配置的效果。
这里说明一个概念就是盈利即创造财富，必须要让参与到利用区块链技术构建的商业模式中的每一个角色都挣钱，这才是真正的创造财富，否则就是击鼓传花，跟庞氏骗局一样，不过是财富的转移而已，并没有创造真正的财富。
那么，区块链有没有这样的能力真正的构建能够创造财富的盈利模式？我认为答案是肯定的，因为区块链去中心化的特征能够构建一个自由，平等的市场环境。千万不要小看“自由”与“平等”四个字，自由和平等是市场经济的基础，而市场经济能够最优化配置资源，达到创造财富的目的，这一点从我们中国由计划经济到改革开放逐步走向市场经济的这40年，经济大幅增长，取得了举世瞩目的成绩便可证明。
其实我们的市场经济的自由度还远远不够（例如对于普通大众而言，土地不可自由买卖，石油不可自由买卖、电力不可自由买卖等等），便已经创造了如此多的财富，如果真正的像美国、欧洲、新加坡那样更进一步，其财富增长的空间可想而知。
1、去中心化。比特币解决了传统中心化的货币发行和交易模式，比特币网络中货比发行是通过比特币协议来规定的，货币的总量（约为2100万枚）受到控制，发行速度随着时间自动调整（每四年减半），每个人都可以通过提供计算机算力来争取每十分钟一次的记账权而获得比特币奖励，这意味着平等。由于没有中心控制，除非掌握比特币账本秘钥，否则任何人都无法夺走你账本里的比特币。
2、不可篡改。一致提交后的数据会被写入区块，最终确认的链上区块数据将永久存在，不可被销毁或修改，保障了资产的安全。篇幅有限，详细技术原理这里就不赘述了。
3、公开透明。比特币的代码是开源的，账本和交易记录都是公开的，所有人都可以查阅比特币自创世区块以来的所有交易记录。保障交易过程的公开透明。
这便是区块链的典型技术特征，只不过借助比特币来进行说明，目前区块链技术早已脱离比特币网络自身，在金融、贸易、共享经济、物联网等多个领域逐渐展露头角，如今，除非特别指出“比特币区块链”，否则当我们提及区块链的时候，往往跟比特币没有什么必然的联系。
那么这些技术特征，是如何创造价值和财富的呢，这些技术特征结合在一起解决了一个重要问题，就是信任问题，在过去，陌生人之间的市场交易活动往往需要有第三方信任机构担保，才能够高效进行。
例如，我们因为信任阿里巴巴和支付宝才会在其平台上进行购物和支付，我们因为信任股票交易市场，我们才会在上交所、深交所、纳斯达克上面进行股票交易，我们因为信任银行，才会把钱存在银行，或者通过银行转账等等，而这些信任机构都不是免费服务的，而是需要收取中介费用，阿里是收商家的广告费，股票交易所是收取交易费，银行是利用你的资金拿去贷款收取利息来赚钱，这些成本理论上来讲，在未来可以通过区块链技术去除第三方中介的办法节省下来。大家用更低的成本实现了价值流通，财富不就此产生了么？
还有更为重要的一点是，货币作为作为最重要的价值度量手段，各国的中央银行，因为其控制了法币的发行数量，并且可以控制利率，影响货币的需求，从而使商品价值以及劳动价值与价格不平衡，当遇到支付危机的时候，甚至会滥发钞票，造成恶性通货膨胀，让老百姓手中的钱贬值。
例如美国由于其强大的信用，享受了全世界带给他们的福利，仅中国一家就有差不多有3.16万亿美元外汇储备，这么多钱干什么用呢，大部分都是美国的债券，这些外汇储备很多都是源于出口盈余，我们出口很多商品到美国，而从美国进口的商品很少，美国用了我们的商品，结果给一张借条给我们，然后给我们一些利息。而美国则用我们中国的便宜货，挣高薪水，还白拿我们的外汇储蓄进行再投资，搞高科技，反过来再赚我们的钱。
我们中国政府其实也不乐意，但是没办法，美元信用好，大家把钱变成美元会更放心。每个国家政府都会超发法币，美国也不例外（相对一些不发达国家略微收敛一些），超发带来的美元贬值影响的不仅仅是美国，而是拉上全世界来一起承担，这也是为什么美元打个喷嚏，全世界都得感冒。
Block chain scenarios of how the future development and the pace of development?
In essence, the idea is nothing more than block chain profit is to reduce the cost of trust, improve circulation efficiency value.
As Square is Ethernet-based, or based on different future consensus mechanism (POS & DPOS) and higher processing power block chain 3.0 platforms such as EOS, Dfinity and so on, but nothing different options.
In addition, talking about how to block chain profitability, we also see that the world has a lot of money to do digital exchanges platform earned pours in our China on currency such as the founder of Zhao Zhangpeng security, with the chain block east, but with the most traditional way, transaction fees charged by way of digital currency, earned more than a billion worth in just six months (personally think that this is just a few months cognitive realized may, in front of I do not know how much time digital currency above), however, with the rise of decentralized exchange, the center of the exchange will be affected, it will not be so lucrative. As this ancient exchange profit model, if not evil, it always has the value of existence, no digital currency exchanges is no digital currency transactions, no deal will be no price, no price will inhibit the production of the project, not the project production, there is no way to improve the efficiency of distribution value chain through the block, optimize the allocation of resources to improve the efficiency of economic development.
What possible road block chain project development?
Block chain has been 10 years since the birth of the first project from Bitcoin system. For a trade or industry, 10 years is just a moment. Block chain industry has its particularity, both inclusive, integrating the past most of the ideas and technology, and in every segments and continue to make breakthroughs in the existing rules and regulations. Therefore, its classification from different angles, and then sort out the different types of research projects corresponding stage of development and profit model for the industry or the development of the industry, it is a crucial matter.
Most block chain project, from the initial ambitious goals, leading product margins and return stakeholder value-driven, and lay a solid foundation in terms of value creation and profitability, both for now or in the long run, are rational select. On this basis, then according to the characteristics of the project, timely and appropriate to the situation of social values dominant phase transition, perhaps a viable path.