The upcoming second half of 2019, the first half of squally showers like a wave of layoffs so that every practitioner spine cold, five or six years after a golden period of development, front-end development of the industry seems to have entered a turning point.
I listened to developers complain that work is hard to find on the Web front-end development already saturated, and on the other side listening to friends complain manufacturers, recruit people for a long time, but be filled forays HC, the front end of the job market is so full of contradictions and anomalies.
In fact, think about it, the above situation is easy to understand, in fact, just from the number of front-end development is already saturated, so a large number of primary front-end engineers can not find a job, but on the other hand, senior front-end engineer is still rare, senior Kong HC always be unsaturated.
T-workers recently issued Dynamic:
"I was engaged in a six-year-old programmer web front-end development (my micro letter: webxxq), I spent a month earlier this year put together a web front-end full range of training courses best suited to self-study of 2019 (+ video source code + notes + project combat), from the most basic HTML + CSS + JS to a mobile terminal and a variety of HTML5 frameworks and new technologies are sorting, packing every front-end to a small partner, here it is the front-end learner gathering, welcome beginner and advanced junior partner (all front-end tutorial concerned about my micro-channel public number: web front-end learning circle, the attention reply "2019" to receive).
Current distribution personnel pyramidal tip end, and the bottom of the pyramid-shaped long:
So what is the most advanced front-end developers have to face, now is not able to write a few pages to find work time, and only up advanced in order to maintain professional competence, otherwise we can not guarantee that no one next time layoffs comes, we will be the people on the beach nude beach.
I'm thinking of front-end technology
Front-end community is very active community, almost every once in a while there will be a new technology or a new way to develop into a hot spot, so the front-end developers will have "learned no more" stems, and after all, shame Deno message events.
In my case, because I wanted to develop myself a APP, it is faced with technology selection, also we face in the future to invest a lot of time to choose to study technology and put in front of me there are three options:
- Flutter cross-platform technology
- RN cross-platform technology (WEEX addition to Ali ecology, rarely used)
- Native technology
Which in the end choose a technology that meets the needs of the development of APP, and worth investing the time to learn it?
If you go to almost know the community or other technologies like to ask, the answer is most of the Flutter (although many A view from the main answer seems to have not used Flutter), Flutter officially released as a new technology just six months has swept the entire front end of a large circle, became the first well-deserved hot, really admire Google's preaching ability.
I think the thing about Flutter for a long time, but also use it to quickly develop a demo, it has a very attractive place:
- Declarative UI with react like this, than Android UI that programmatically advanced too much (I wrote a long time ago Android APP, that talk about the experience of coding)
- More thorough cross-platform, direct call Skia graphics rendering engine components, more than the bottom RN, it is more like the concept of the game.
- Greater potential, there is news that Flutter is the first designated frame Google's new operating system, which means you might catch the outlet of this new system.
This technology is indeed very attractive, with each community will Flutter Flutter is not under obligation to publicize people, I even decided to learn fast about the Flutter.
However, we have not thought through learning Flutter, your skills will enhance it?
Many people first reaction was, "Of course, learn a new skill, learn a new language, do not enhance the technology yet? . "
But I think not, I actually still walking around in circles, a Java developer learned to use Ruby CRUD does not represent the capacity increased, a front-end developer with RN or Flutter developed a simple APP can not explain the increased levels , is just another language to write it again UI will write a page in three frame, not what high-tech, three kinds will be as good as one kind of depth.
Flutter with RN as Dezhuan want to have to go deep into the native development, because these two technologies are not truly cross-platform, cross-platform UI they just, if you just learn a Flutter write UI, little significance, but also enhance the capability does not exist.
We think again or utilitarian little, even if you learn to write with Flutter UI so what? Flutter your company has an internal project? Even with their fists you get round it? After all, you do not have native knowledge base platform, UI only write what is it?
In fact, this example is to say so long, I just say two things:
- Sometimes we seem to learn a lot in technology, in fact, these techniques do not elevate you, but give you cause, "I learn something new capabilities to enhance the" feel-deviation
- Do not blindly pursue community hot spot, probably penny wise and pound-foolish to think carefully about whether this technology has been raised for your own, instead of being masters of their sermons "brainwashing"
I think this model carefully studied the recent hot technology, there are a few techniques that I can be more confident that the door will flex its muscles in the field of front-end development in the future.
TypeScript
From 2017 I began to use TypeScript, you can say that is the time, stepped on a lot in the course of the pit, but also summed up a lot of experience, know problems almost "Why do not you use TypeScript? "The answer is the highest number of votes the author himself.
In the year 2019, I'm pretty sure TypeScript will be a pandemic within a year, how the definition of a pandemic?
More than 30% based front-end framework of the new project will TypeScript as the main language development.
The reason I summed up the three points.
Gradually ruled the open source community
A large number of open source projects using TypeScript heavyweight front-end development, including but not limited to: Angular, VScode, Vue3.0, Rxjs, TypeScript (Yes, it bootstrap), Mobx, deno, Antd, and this trend more and more obvious, including Facebook home the Jest also announced shift TypeScript from flowType.
These heavyweight open source projects have a very strong leading role, more than once I've seen some front-end developer said that in order to understand Antd source, specially learned TypeScript.
It can be said, TypeScript open source ecology has been very perfect, the company can go ahead and get carried TypeScript of development.
TypeScript is technology really solve productivity problems
Will the front-end development, what caused the error up to three error that?
You do not think, it is:
- Uncaught TypeError: Cannot Read Property
- TypeError: ‘undefined’ Is Not an Object (evaluating...)
- TypeError: Null Is Not an Object (evaluating...)
Actually three very very low-level error, reason is that JavaScript is a dynamic language, will only run error, these errors do not occur in a complete low-level type definitions TypeScript, which is one of the advantages of TypeScript, coding can avoid a lot of the wrong type.
TypeScript complete definition of the interface, you can reduce a lot of the cost of communication and documentation costs, the best type of document is, in addition, with the front and back end support TypeScript collaboration will be very convenient, with TypeScript we can develop a tool to map information to back-end Java Swagger TypeScript in to help us maximize access and avoid errors.
Now that you have such a front-end access library Pont .
All in all, TypeScript solve the front-end of the two major problems, avoid mistakes and improve efficiency.
Ali MidwayJs Team head on GMTC spoke of "TypeScript, to help us solve these problems on quality, habits, methods, Take midway team, since the use of TypeScript, quality improvement is very obvious, common needs test code for a long time, almost no low-level problems arise, but most of them are exposed logic. "And mentioned" This year, we hope that the new application full amount TS. "
Vue3.0 be TypeScript mass adoption fuse
Vue3.0 will be released in the second half, though, especially rain Brook confirm Vue3.0 support JavaScript and TypeScript two languages, but vue2.x kind of disability level of support to the now native support TypeScript, is bound to cause a lot of the technology stack with vue the company TypeScript movement.
By then three frameworks can be the perfect support TypeScript, even two of which are directly developed by the TypeScript, and most vue subscribers in the country, and most can affect TypeScript trend in the country.
According to the team as I know the front end of the US group, yet a large number of hungry vue technology stack has also been a lot of practice TypeScript, at least at the level of manufacturers, TypeScript has begun large-scale popular.
Graphics Technology
Graphics technology in a short time will not be sweeping the front end, it will never become a hot technology front-end, but it is a front-end developers will learn advanced techniques.
Why graphical front-end technology will not fire?
To fire early on fire, and this year should be released webGPU, and most of the front-end even webgl1.x are confused, in the final analysis is the technology stack mismatch, although a large part of the front end development and mobile development work is to achieve UI but almost all of this implementation to call the host built-in components, rarely a useful graphical interface to draw the situation of the UI.
Why are said to be in advanced necessary?
Graphics may be the only front-end computer and the underlying technology closely linked, because the UI is to rely on the so-called graphical interface calls GPU rendering made, so that means more depth to master graphics technology will be able to customize the UI.
Future not just a simple front-end UI Input, Component Table, List and other coarse particles formed, but more diversified, more fine-grained, large-screen visualization project took the author of recent studies, it's almost less than any conventional front end assembly, a portion of the 2D graphics interface component is invoked Canvas, 3D assembly part is formed by drawing webgl.
5G second half of this year in the country over large areas, a common view is that the arrival will think of AR 5G, VR technologies such as virtual revitalized, without exception, these technologies are not associated with graphics technology, after all, you do not always draw a component input would think of it in AR.
From last year began to focus on graphics technology, I also pleasantly surprised with some of the front view coincides experts.
One is the beginning of an odd dance in the shadow of the leader know almost answered:
Another is the front-end technology to predict the beginning of winter:
Editor skilled
Herein refers to a variety editor editor generic name, for example: the code editor (WebIDE), graphics editor (3d modeled online or PS), such as text editors.
Editor will not be as skilled as TypeScript spread to almost all of the front-end team, but must be in the local fire up the technology.
Why only in the local fire up?
This is an area very small minority, but the complexity and importance has increased drastically, most of the company's first small business scenario most of the demand for the editor, and secondly, the versatility of a great editor, each achieve specific business scenarios vary widely sites, but when it comes to user-entered text editor, it is possible to use the same open-source software.
Having a local, we will talk about why the fire, the most important point is that the popularity of cloud development, a large number of developers are ported to the cloud service, including the recent comparison of fire FaaS, applets services, etc., on the one hand cloud vendors in order to provide better services to developers, such as the development FaaS commissioning service, we need to customize their business in line with webIDE, on the other hand and more importantly, a developer's development environment will not change easily, is this environment webIDE , webIDE is the cloud vendors to develop battle for entrance.
Another reason is that a very large-scale team will need the ability to integrate the various teams, and integration is key to the development IDE.
While many companies recruit editors associated engineers are hanging front of the Title, but common front-end engineers if no relevant experience, completely take no less than this scene, which resulted in the public areas, although this is a small, but very lack of talent Case.
The following figure shows the center on GMTC four directions Ali Frontier Foundation layout:
Talk about other hot technology
- Serverless
Serverless will certainly fire, but also directly enhance the productivity front-end can not consider the deployment, operation and maintenance, environmental and other scenes, the direct write function to achieve back-end logic, may later everyone is so-called dry-engineer the whole.
But why not bring the focus, the first serverless application scenarios also relatively lightweight, he is not a silver bullet, and now the serverless hot exaggerate its actual role to some extent.
Another point for the front-end tool in terms Serverless fact, you can only make use of them, need to develop their own cloud-native professional developers, the front end can not deeply involved, but he was the front-end requirements of the node is reduced (because so long as the code does not require knowledge of the back-end), but for business and the team is good for the individual is not very helpful in the growth of a technology.
- IOT
5G comes, all interconnected say they followed, IOT will not fire at 5G age, I'm not sure, but would like to show its mettle on the front-end IOT I think that within a few years do not see progress.
Some would say it is not someone js ported to the embedded field yet? Yes, even js Samsung also customize the virtual machine IOT devices.
IOT is a low-power low-performance low-memory devices, more in this scenario, high performance low running more powerful partial underlying programming language, but this js the contrary, it is not suitable for a natural language IOT, and C language was a duck.
ps: do before I heard a special technical expert said the IOT, js biggest problem is power, many of the portable device IOT js no way commercial (charging five minutes, waiting 5 seconds)
Then why are so many people in fried js in IOT this topic?
Interested can listen to author Ruff Zheng Ye radio interview .
The reason is that js developers and more. . . Technical difficulty of the underlying technology will be professional embedded developers get, js developers only need to write a business, so back to the question of Flutter, you write business in IOT to write business than what's browser technology upgrade it?
Of course, do IOT from the perspective of the workplace still has a future, once the IOT fire up, the first to enter this field who can more easily share the glory, but I personally do not recommend right now into the pit, the risk is much greater than income, if really js in interest any, it is better to study js runtime, such as node and deno, which is really help to improve the ability of technology.
- GraphQL
GraphQL been fired for several years, but the movement is still small, not the technology itself is another problem, is this technology seriously damaged the interests of the back-end development.
GraphQL for front-end developers are really easy to use, do not beg from the back-end interface to a new big brother out, completely self-sufficient, but this let cool to the days of front-end development technology, the price paid is a lot of renovation work to the backend do the back-end team working so hard to engage GraphQL, the biggest benefit is the front end, back end went wrong pot was back, this technology-driven resistance imagined.
This technology is the test of cross-team communication and collaboration, not the technology itself, of course, the former is often more important than the latter, but does not match the theme of this article, refrain from that.
- Al Fe
In recent years speculation the hottest technology is AI, although in this area with the front-end can be said without any intersection, but there are still many people who want to rely on this talent.
Let me talk about tfjsthe issue, deep learning framework based browser, in fact, a very narrow range of applications, the author in the research did not find anything when commercially valuable case study in depth running the browser already small minority, plus js own performance issues and browser does not support GPU acceleration API, resulting in tfjsmore like a defective product, although in fact some of the front-end development team AI application, but the basic use are authentic TensorFlow.
Currently regarded as more reliable front-end + AI scenario is automated UI, the designer of the draft design to automatically generate UI components, reducing mechanical UI is very repetitive work, get rid of as soon as possible to restore the draft design can fully liberate the front, currently busy fish large front-end team has been associated with fruit.
The front end even involve AI, but also the most are stuck in tool use phase, which is the so-called "transfer package Man," of course, even then you can help the team solve the productivity problem, it is already a great service, and recommends that the ability of students can layout about this technology, but for most people, even the deep learning Fun parameter adjustment is also very distant thing.
At last
This is the point I feel after reading the center's share, the high center of the circle pattern, are talking about technical patterns, the impact of technology and ecological technology, the paper pattern was still very young, just stop the growth in technology, but for this pattern of small moment it seems to be more practical.
This is the mid-2019 Reflection on the future development of front-end technology of the author standing.