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Early studies have shown that early generations of distant hybridization and allopolyploidization of crops will experience varying degrees of genome shock, accompanied by abnormalities in chromosome number and structure, resulting in karyotype instability such as chromosome rearrangements and uniparental chromosome loss. Therefore, studying the stability and adaptation mechanisms of chromosome sets from different parental sources during distant hybridization can help overcome interspecific isolation and achieve more efficient and extensive utilization of germplasm resources.
December 7, 2023,Journal of Genetics and Genomics Published online by Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Han FangpuThe research team titled "Wide hybridizations reveal the robustness of functional centromeres in Triticum-Aegilops species complex lines" research paper. This study reveals the universality of the progressive evolution of centromeres in synthetic polyploid wheat, is new The creation of germplasm resources and wheat genetic improvement provide important theoretical basis and material basis.
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Han Fangpu’s research group has long been engaged in wheat distant hybridization and chromosome engineering breeding. In the early stage, we used wheat distant hybrid materials to conduct a detailed study on the origin and rapid diploidization of tetraploid wheatgrass. The excellent genes of diploid and tetraploid wheatgrass were used to genetically improve wheat scab resistance. Based on previous work, this study artificially created a series of tetraploid and hexaploid synthetic wheat materials to simulate the natural wheat polyploidization process, and conducted ChIP-seq experiments with centromere-specific CENH3 antibodies, showing that in wheat- Goat grass synthetic materials F1, S0 and finite generation continuous self During the cross-fertilization process, the loading of centromeric CENH3 was relatively stable compared to the parent (Figure 1). The research results show that in the face of genome impact, the progressive evolution of centromere CENH3 in the early generations of artificial allopolyploid wheat is a ubiquitous evolutionary method, which provides a guarantee mechanism for the relative stability of the allopolyploid early genome.
Figure 1. Adaptive evolution of centromeres of wheat- goat grass synthetic materials
A: Effect of hybridization on centromere positioning; B: Identification by multi-color FISH technology Synthetic wheat materials;C: Effects of hybridization and polyploidization on centromere positioning;DD a>: CENH3 loading in synthetic tetraploid wheat is stable between generations;E: The karyotype of synthetic wheat in high generations is stable;E: Synthetic wheat karyotype is stable in high generations;E a>: Adaptive evolution of the centromere of chromosome 7 in high-generation synthetic wheat. F
In summary, this study created a series of synthetic wheat materials from scratch, explored the ways in which centromeres of different genomes instantaneously adapt to distant hybridization and allopolyploidization, and analyzed the mechanism of polyploid genome karyotype stabilization, providing insights for other This lays the foundation for the redomestication of centromeres in polyploid crops and potential wild relatives.
About the Author
PhD candidate who graduated from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesHuang Yuhong is the first author of the paper,Researcher Han Fangpu and Professor Su Handong of Huazhong Agricultural University are the co-corresponding authors. This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFF1003303) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31991212).
Cite this article
Yuhong Huang, Qinghua Shi, Chen Zhou, Chunhui Wang, Yang Liu, Congyang Yi, Handong Su, Fangpu Han. (2023). Wide hybridizations reveal the robustness of functional centromeres in Triticum-Aegilops species complex lines. Journal of Genetics and Genomics.
DOI：10.1016/j.jgg.2023.12.001
Face to face with the first author
Self introduction
Hello everyone, my name is Huang Yuhong. I come from Fangchengang City, Guangxi, a small border town in southern Xinjiang of the motherland. After studying in the north, I graduated from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in June 2023. I studied under researcher Han Fangpu. The research direction of the research group is for plant chromosome biology. Now he is engaged in postdoctoral research in the research group of Professor Su Handong of the Wheat Team of Huazhong Agricultural University.
hobbies
Running, yoga, studying food.
goal or vision
Become a part of the wheat scientific research field, continue to innovate research, improve the productivity and adaptability of wheat, and contribute a small amount to reducing hunger in the world.
Who is your favorite or admired scientist?
The scientist I admire the most is Mr. Yuan Longping. "A person is like a seed, be a good seed." Mr. Yuan used these words to encourage contemporary youth and inspire countless Chinese to move forward for their dreams. Sow the "seeds" of caring for the people, loving the party and the country, and water this land full of hope with your sweat. "Dream of enjoying the cool under the grass", let's chase it together!
How to introduce the content and significance of the research to your family and friends?
Our research focuses on wheat, one of the most important food crops in the world. The bread, noodles and other wheat products we eat every day come from wheat. The experiments that are usually conducted in the laboratory and in the field are all to trace the past and present life of wheat and find out how to make wheat grow faster and produce higher yields while ensuring nutritional value and taste. The long-term goal of our work is to ensure that wheat can thrive in different environments and produce good harvests even when drought or pests and diseases occur.
What special difficulties did you encounter during the research process?How did you overcome them?
Difficulties: The long research process requires a lot of patience and perseverance. The hardships are self-evident. Sometimes the lack of immediate feedback and results makes me feel uneasy and anxious.
Solution: Goals guide the way and illuminate the front. Set short-term and long-term goals and celebrate each achievement. At the same time, I also developed a weekly running habit to help manage anxiety and maintain a clear mind.
How did you feel after learning that your paper was accepted?
A thousand-mile horse often exists but a talented person is hard to find. Knowing that the paper is about to be published is as refreshing as running water in the mountains. We are very grateful that our work has been recognized by the reviewers and editors. This is an affirmation of our research results and also supports and encourages our follow-up work. I am very grateful to Teacher Han and everyone who provided me with guidance and help.
What do you think is the most challenging scientific problem in your field of research?
The genetic background of polyploid wheat is very complex because it contains multiple subgenomes. This brings huge challenges to genetic analysis and analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression.
Journal introduction
Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Journal of Genetics and Genomics (JGG) is a research institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences An international academic journal sponsored by the Institute of Genetics and the Chinese Genetics Society, it is dedicated to reporting original research results covering the fields of life sciences and medical genetics. JGG The 2022 impact factor is 5.9 (5-year impact factor 5.9), Scopus academic journal evaluation index CiteScore 5.9, ranking in the JCR 2022 GENETICS & HEREDITY field Q1 area, Q1 area in the field of BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, was selected into the China Science and Technology Journal Excellence Action Plan.
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