What is a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack? How to prevent it?


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⭐ What is a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attack?

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is a network security vulnerability that allows an attacker to perform unauthorized operations by disguising requests from legitimate users. The attack usually occurs when the user is already logged into a website. Attackers will lure users to visit malicious sites or click on links containing malicious requests, which will cause users to perform certain actions without their knowledge, such as changing passwords, initiating payments, deleting data, etc.

Characteristics of CSRF attacks include:

  • The attacker pretends to be a legitimate user and sends requests as the user.
  • The attack usually occurs when the user is logged in and therefore the user's identity has been verified.
  • The attacker needs to know the request structure and parameters of the target website in order to construct a fake request.

⭐ How to prevent CSRF attacks?

To prevent CSRF attacks, developers and website administrators can take some security measures:

  1. Use CSRF tokens: Generate a unique CSRF token per user session and include it in forms and requests. After the server receives the request, it verifies that the token matches the one in the session. The attacker cannot obtain the correct CSRF token and therefore cannot forge a valid request.

  2. Origin policy: The browser's origin policy restricts requests under different domain names. Attackers cannot initiate requests with user credentials from other sites. Properly configuring CORS headers can increase security.

  3. Restrict sensitive operations: For some sensitive operations, such as changing passwords or performing payments, users are required to provide additional authentication, such as entering a password or providing a second confirmation.

  4. Verification code: For some important operations, such as password reset, users are required to enter a verification code for verification.

  5. HttpOnly tag: For cookies, use the HttpOnly tag to prevent JavaScript from accessing them, thereby reducing the risk of CSRF attacks.

  6. User logout: Users should have the option to log out. This can help prevent attackers from performing malicious actions while the user is logged in.

  7. Monitoring and logging: Set up monitoring and logging to detect and respond to potential CSRF attacks.

  8. Update dependencies: Promptly update and maintain dependencies in your application to ensure known security vulnerabilities are fixed.

Preventing CSRF attacks requires comprehensive consideration of front-end and back-end security measures, and regular security reviews and testing to ensure application security.


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