Dear testing friends, if you have gone through several interviews, you must have been asked the following questions:
1. How to perform automated web testing in a Linux environment?
2. How about Shell? Are you familiar with Docker?
3. Have you ever performed full-link stress testing? How to promote and carry out it?
Some friends will definitely answer this:
1. "It shouldn't be supported. We only do web automation testing on Windows. Can it run on Linux?"
2. "Hmm...Shell, Docker? I think I've heard of it"
3 , "Our company has done it, my leader led me to do it", and then, well...
Such an answer cannot even convince myself, let alone get the approval of the interviewer. When I was writing my resume, I clearly felt that I would gain a lot:
- If you can type a few commands, you can be said to be proficient in the Linux system.
- Being able to write some business scripts independently is equivalent to knowing how to write a test framework.
The result is that as soon as the interviewer asks, he is immediately thrown back to his original state. Not only can he not be able to answer the interviewer's questions, but he even seems confused by some of the questions. Therefore, I suggest that all friends who are taking tests should brush up on the real interview questions of major companies before the interview. If you are prepared, your interview pass rate will be greatly improved.
Here we will provide you with an idea of how to answer the above questions. In this way, the answer results may be completely different. For example, if you combine full-link stress testing with actual projects, you can start from the following aspects:
- Analyze stress testing business scenarios and design system services
- Coordinate resources of various stress measurement systems
- Stress testing environment
- Stress testing data (data cleaning, data tag)
- Stress test data isolation
- Real-time monitoring of pressure test data
Answering this way will definitely make the interviewer take a high look at you! Therefore, if we want to successfully pass the interview and get a high-paying offer, it is very necessary to sort out our technical abilities, so that we can find out our existing problems and make up for our shortcomings.
An excellent software testing engineer must have the following skills:
1. Test basics
The design and writing of test cases is the most basic thing that we must master as a tester.
2.Basic programming skills
Java and Python are the more mainstream programming languages at the moment, and you need to master at least one of them. In addition, being able to write some algorithms is definitely a plus for you. Among the additional languages, you need to know Shell, Docker, and SQL, which are commonly used in our daily work, and you need to be able to use them skillfully.
3. Automated testing capabilities
I believe there shouldn’t be any tester who doesn’t know that automated testing is the only way to get a high-paying job, right? Nowadays, major manufacturers are using high salaries and benefits to compete for automated testing talents.
Common automated testing frameworks include Selenium, Cypress, RobotFramework, Appium, etc. If you are proficient in these, then automated testing of web and mobile terminals will be basically no problem for you.
Server-side interface automated testing, HttpClient in Java and Requests in Python. After mastering these, the basic interface automated testing capabilities will be almost the same for you.
The above are the abilities that an excellent tester should master.
If you still cannot meet the above standards, I suggest that you keep learning. Only by constantly acquiring knowledge and improving your skills can you possibly get a promotion and salary increase. Otherwise, you will just be like a frog in warm water and eventually die slowly.
Below is the most comprehensive knowledge architecture system diagram of the development direction of software testing engineers in 2022 that I compiled. It will clearly tell you where to work hard:
1. Testing Basics
Understand the basic skills of testing, master the use of mainstream defect management tools, and be proficient in the operation and maintenance of the test environment
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Test basics |
|---|---|
| Test plan/test case | Black box use case design equivalence class/boundary value/scenario analysis/decision table/cause and effect diagram analysis/error inference |
| defect | Defect life cycle/defect classification/defect management tool ZenTao/Jira |
| database | Mysql/environment setup/add, delete, modify/query/associated query/stored procedure |
| Linux | System setup/basic instructions/log analysis/environment setup |
2. Necessary knowledge of Linux.
As the most popular software environment system, Linux must be mastered. Current recruitment requirements require Linux capabilities.
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Linux essential knowledge |
|---|---|
| Linux system introduction and preparation | As the most popular software environment system nowadays, you must know how to learn Linux. You will start with the introduction of the CenterOS version system, installation, directory structure and other basic contents, and also prepare for the subsequent self-built test environment. |
| Linux remote tool Xshell | Detailed introduction on how to get started using Linux and perform regular remote management and file transfer operations, including the tools Xshell and Xftp |
| Linux file attributes and management | Linux files, basic directory attributes, file operations, file management, directory operations, directory management. Avoid self-destructive operations and how to prevent accidental operations |
| Linux user and group management | How to add, delete, modify users and groups in Linux, and grant corresponding permissions, so that you no longer get stuck due to permission issues |
| Linux file editor | The use of Linux file editor vi, command mode, input mode, operation examples, shortcut keys, pipe commands, usage experience. How to edit in a system without graphics? |
| Linux common system settings | Network settings, environment variables, disk management, time settings, system resources, firewall, everything is available, don't worry about being clueless. |
| Linux installation software | Linux installation commands, and how to install through installation files downloaded from the network such as tar, gz, etc., such as MySQL database installation. |
| Linux Docker container | Explanation of Docker container technology, image management, warehouse, container creation, startup, operation, image packaging, and catching up with popular industry technologies |
3. Shell Script
Master Shell Script: including Shell basics and applications, Shell logic control, and Shell logic functions
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Shell |
|---|---|
| Linux Shell Basics and Applications | Introduction to shell script programming, environment types, variables, parameters, operators, use of arrays, close contact with scripts |
| Linux Shell logic control | Shell logic application, test command, process control, data input and output, script logic is no longer monotonous, and you can play tricks |
| Linux Shell functions | How to write shell script functions, call files to each other, and apply scripts in practice. What can you do if you know how to develop, test, and operate? |
| Windows Script Batch | Enough playing with Linux, let’s take a look at the usage of regular Windows commands, how to write batch scripts, and practical applications. Linux is not everywhere. Windows scripts are also one of the commonly used scripts. When you see this, you may use Windows. |
4. Internet Program Principles
The only way to automate: basic knowledge of front-end development and essential knowledge of Internet networks 4. Internet Program Principles
| Programmer Uncle Lei | Internet program principles |
|---|---|
| Web front-end development basics | Learn basic content of HTML and CSS. Why were test courses developed? Sorry, if not, automation may not be welcome. Many automated testing problems arise from the development foundation. |
| Web front-end development script | JavaScript is the most mainstream script learning. Similarly, this will also be involved in automated testing. In fact, dynamic scripts are often used in some tools, and they are also JavaScript languages. |
| Developer debugging tools for testing applications | Although the browser's F12 is named a developer tool, testing actually plays a key role in both functional testing and automated testing. Such as parsing HTML, locating elements, debugging scripts, monitoring network packet capture, etc. |
| Internet program network architecture | Understand in detail the birth of Internet programs through network architecture, logical details, how Internet communication principles transfer data to other computers, and what is the relationship between TCP, UCP, HTTP, and other protocols. |
| HTTP protocol data structure analysis | Completely analyze the HTTP protocol data structure, including Request and Response data formats, the definition and usage of Header, what each status represents, and how to identify errors. Analyze the position of parameters in the protocol, REST structure, various common body data forms, parsing methods, and the causes of common data parsing errors. |
| Cookie and Session mechanism | Interpret what Cookie is, what relationship it has with Session, how to test Cookie and Session, and what you need to pay attention to |
5. MySQL database
software testing engineers must have MySQL database knowledge, not just the basic "add, delete, modify and check".
| Programmer Uncle Lei | MySQL database |
|---|---|
| MySQL database testing application | MySQL environment construction, basic use of client Navicat and data operations, learning and consolidating basic SQL syntax, adding, deleting, modifying, and checking are indispensable, and mastering the usage of various conditions |
| MySQL advanced query | Query upgrade, master multi-table query, subquery, query grouping, use of statistical functions, and study and analyze classic interview questions |
| MySQL custom function | Since there are built-in functions, there is certainly no shortage of places for custom functions, which are often used. Just like any development language, they are inseparable from the definition and use of functions. |
| MySQL stored procedure SP | How to define the stored procedure that is essential for the database, usually also called SP? How to test? How to use it more safely, test what else can be done with stored procedures, and more content that is convenient for testing |
| MySQL事物与编程 | 数据库事务使用案例，索引的原理与使用，数据库SQL编程在测试中的应用，如何用其快速精准的产生大量指定的测试数据 |
六、抓包工具
Fiddler，Wireshark，Sniffer，Tcpdump各种抓包工具适用于各种项目，总有一款适合你的
| 程序员雷叔 | 抓包工具 |
|---|---|
| 抓包原理与方式 | 只有了解抓包的原理，才能真正去用好一个适合的工具，选择合适的方向和方法，否则都是徒劳的 |
| 抓包工具选择 | 抓包工具的分类与功效，什么样的项目适合哪种工具，如何去辨别工具的优势 |
| Fiddler基础功能 | 作为专业的HTTP体系的抓包工具，详细介绍其工具原理，如何过滤数据，如何搜索想要的数据，如何对web，非web，手机，HTTPS协议等各种环境进行抓包 |
| Fiddler高级功能 | 学会使用其进行接口测试，断电，脚本等方式进行数据的修改，替换，模拟数据进行接口Mock测试，创建自己定义的菜单功能 |
| Wireshark | 与其说是抓包，更是一种抓包后的分析工具，在各个系统下利用其它与系统一体化的抓包工具进行数据抓取整理并展示，有着强大的过滤和分析功能 |
| Sniffer | 黑科技抓包工具，有多种版本，非常专业的抓包工具 |
| Tcpdump | Linux、Android系列的系统中的抓包插件神器 |
七、接口测试工具
接口测试神器，你绕不开的强大工具：Jmeter。小巧灵活：Postman
| 程序员雷叔 | 接口测试工具 |
|---|---|
| Jmeter接口测试入门 | Jmeter简介，环境准备，目录结构介绍 ，如何录制脚本，以及基础组件的使用，线程、作用域、HTTP请求、定时器、断言等等 |
| Jmeter接口测试进阶使用 | Jmeter逻辑控制、前置处理器、后置处理器、监视器、结果树，如何参数化、正则表达式关联、事务、检查点等等。并带领大家对带有token等动态数据的项目进行实战演练 |
| Jmeter接口测试高级功能 | Jmeter脚本思考时间、随机时间、线程启动间隔、并发集合点、联机远程调用，webservice、websocket、jdbc、命令调用等等 |
| Postman接口测试工具使用 | 行业标准HTTP、rest接口测试神器，基本请求、分组保存、动态变量、脚本、数据关联、参数化、自动断言、批量运行、持续集成。思路类似其他接口工具，避免泛滥学习 |
八、Web自动化测试Java&Python
了解自动化的目的，熟练掌握TestNG&unittest自动化框架，以及断言与日志处理
| 程序员雷叔 | Web自动化测试Java&Python |
|---|---|
| 自动化框架思路引导 | 我们做自动化到底为了什么？节省人力、加快速度、还是让机器代替手动、还是提升自我。应该如何建立思路，而非无脑进坑任机器摆布 |
| Java&Python3开发环境及基本语法 | Java&Python开发环境搭建，基础语法入门，让不会代码的以最快速度入门，方便适应后续自动化测试开发内容学习，代码够用即可，并不是学得越多越好 |
| Java&Python3集合类型与面向对象开发 | Java&Python各种基本类型、集合数据类型的理解与操作，循环语句、判断语句，面向对象的开发，函数的使用，类的使用 |
| Selenium3环境与浏览器驱动配置 | 基于selenium3的web自动化环境搭建，正确的浏览器配置，不再为起不了浏览器而烦恼。支持IE、Firefox、Chrome等等 |
| Selenium3多种定位及动态操作 | selenium3常见定位方法，属性和值的获取，如何动态判断不一定存在的元素，复杂的网页结构，需要多步骤操作的元素等等 |
| 特殊情况处理（js、特殊控件等） | selenium3自动化测试中，常见的特殊情况处理，如日期、控件、智能等待、文件上传下载、网页嵌套结构，各种弹窗的处理方式，cookie处理，JavaScript脚本调用等 |
| TestNG&unittest自动化框架使用 | Python unittest、Java TestNG自动化框架的使用，环境处理、基本使用逻辑，数据驱动模型，数据库数据载入等 |
| 自动化框架断言与日志处理 | 自动化中最重要的是什么？作为测试当然是断言，没有断言的自动化毫无用处，如何展示日志与结果是自动化测试的根本 |
| PageObject框架设计模式 | PageObject框架设计模式，到底是做什么的？如何更好的快速管理控件，从此做起 |
九、接口与移动端自动化
专业接口调用、测试解决方案。组建完整的web和接口自动化框架，Appium整体使用
| 程序员雷叔 | 接口与移动端自动化 |
|---|---|
| 接口自动化方案Requests | Python Requests、Java HTTPclient接口框架，都是专业的接口调用、测试的解决方案，使用简单快速，结合工具的使用方式和功能，快速上手并对其操作，解决其中的疑难杂症 |
| web+自动化框架整合 | 自动化测试是相通的，如何将web与接口、甚至更多的测试类型和方向结合起来，组成完整的自动化框架 |
| Appium环境搭建 | Appium环境相对复杂，针对Android系统进行完整的环境搭建演练，解决环境上的问题，并进行基本的自动化操作 |
| Appium自动化实战与框架结合 | Appium整体使用与web自动化类似，引导使用典型功能，并针对一款APP进行实战操作 |
十、敏捷测试&TestOps构建
揭开TestOps的神秘面纱，持续集成Jenkins框架烂熟于心
| 程序员雷叔 | 敏捷测试&TestOps构建 |
|---|---|
| 构建敏捷测试运维架构体系 | 敏捷测试是什么？为什么需要敏捷，行业都提到的devops又是什么？TestOps能做什么 |
| 持续集成Jenkins框架实战 | 持续集成最常见的一套框架，介绍Jenkins操作、权限、系统管理等，常用构建与运行实例讲解 |
| 静态扫描测试Sonar | 一款自动化的代码扫描工具，便捷式快速扫描代码中的问题，做到提前发现，统一规范，自动化中的代码测试神器 |
十一、性能测试&安全测试
软件测试的彼岸：性能测试和安全测试，选个方向努力爬坑吧！
| 程序员雷叔 | 性能测试&安全测试 |
|---|---|
| 性能测试学习路线 | 如何学习性能测试，性能测试到底该怎么学习，使用什么工具？工具并不代表性能，接口的基础对性能测试非常重要，而工具只是辅助，更多的是思路和策略。你不会并不是分析而是准备阶段 |
| loadrunner脱离浏览器录制专题 | IE无法启动被测网站？打不开浏览器？程序无法在浏览器中被打开？这些都没关系，还是一样能录制，但录制是偷懒专用的，对于学习有一定的辅助作用，也会带入无法脱离的坑 |
| 性能测试工具操作实践 | loadrunner、jmeter，有了前面的基础使用，看懂脚本不是问题，带上关键的参数化、动态数据关联、事物、日志，大部分的脚本都可以搞定进行实践 |
| 系统监控方案实施 | 工具自带监控？系统监控？JVM内部监控？数据库监控？各种监控的意义何在，如何在各种情况下精准监控数据 |
| 安全测试起源与工具介绍 | 应该如何进行安全测试，安全测试都有哪些分类？都会用到什么样的工具，各自的作用又是什么，如web漏洞扫描，端口扫描，系统扫描等 |
| web安全测试手工实战 | 接口测试在安全中的作用，不会手动的安全测试，那就永远无法理解自动化以后产出的结果 |
| 安全扫描工具测试实践 | 实际介绍以及使用APPscan、awvs等专业安全扫描工具 |
| 企业安全建设（SDLC） | 企业应该如何进行安全建设，制定更安全的软件生命周期。从哪些方面进行着手 |
上面就是我为大家整理出来的一份软件测试工程师发展方向知识架构体系图。希望大家能照着这个体系在3-4年内完成这样一个体系的构建。可以说，这个过程会让你痛不欲生，但只要你熬过去了。以后的生活就轻松很多。正所谓万事开头难，只要迈出了第一步，你就已经成功了一半，等到完成之后再回顾这一段路程的时候，你肯定会感慨良多。
梦想应当付出汗水和努力去实现，而并非终日无所事事就能达成，那样梦想只能永远是梦想，这辈子于你都是遥不可及的。
最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：
这些资料，对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库，这个仓库也陪伴上万个测试工程师们走过最艰难的路程，希望也能帮助到你!有需要的小伙伴可以点击下方小卡片领取