Explanation of various abbreviations:
CPU, PC, IR, CU, ALU, ACC, MQ, X, MAR, MDR, I/O, MIPS, CPI, FLOPS, PSW Solution: A comprehensive answer should be divided into English
full name, Chinese name, Chinese Explain three parts.
CPU——Central Processing Unit, central processing unit,
PC——Program Counter, program counter, which stores the address of the current instruction to be executed and can automatically count to form the counter of the next instruction address;
IR——Instruction Register,
instruction Register, a register that stores the instructions currently being executed;
CU—Control Unit, control unit (component), the component in the controller that generates the micro-operation command sequence, which is the core component of the controller;
ALU—Arithmetic Logic Unit, arithmetic logic Arithmetic unit, the logical component in the arithmetic unit that completes arithmetic and logical operations;
ACC—Accumulator, a register in the arithmetic unit that stores operands before operation and stores operation results after operation;
MQ—Multiplier-Quotient Register, multiplier register , a register that stores the multiplier during multiplication and the quotient during division.
X——This letter has no specific abbreviation meaning and can be used as the name of any component. Here it represents the operand register, which is one of the working registers in the arithmetic unit, used to store operands; MAR——Memory Address Register,
memory Address register, a register in memory used to store the address of a storage unit to be accessed;
MDR - Memory Data Register, memory data buffer register, a register in main memory used to store data read from a certain unit or written to a certain storage unit;
I/O——Input/Output equipment, input/output equipment, is the general term for input equipment and output devices, used for the conversion and transmission of information inside the computer and the outside world; MIPS——Million Instruction Per
Second, executes one million instructions per second The number of instructions is a unit of measurement for computer operation speed indicators;
PSW: Programmer Status Word.
The reason why computers choose binary is to facilitate mapping to the status of physical devices, such as high level and low level.
Operation instruction abbreviation:
ESI: used as the "source address pointer" in memory operation instructions.
EDI: used as the "destination address" in memory operation instructions.
MOV: Send the source operand to the destination operand.
PUSH: Push instruction, pushes the word data specified by the source operand onto the top of the stack.
POP: Pop operation, pushing the word data specified by the source operand onto the top of the stack.
JMP: Jump to the specified address for execution.
LEA: Take the effective address (offset address) to the register.
CALL: Hands over the execution of the program to other code segments.
RET: Return instruction of subroutine.
Here are some common concepts about computers:
The CPU
(Central Processing Unit) is a very large-scale integrated circuit and is the computing core (Core) and control core (Control Unit) of a computer. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The central processing unit mainly includes an arithmetic unit (arithmetic logic unit, ALU, Arithmetic Logic Unit) and a cache memory (Cache), as well as the data (Data), control and status bus (Bus) that realizes the connection between them. It, together with internal memory (Memory) and input/output (I/O) devices, are collectively known as the three core components of electronic computers.
Register
Register is an integral part of the central processing unit. It has something to do with the CPU. Registers are high-speed storage components with limited storage capacity. They can be used to temporarily store instructions, data, and addresses. In the control unit of the central processor, the registers included are the instruction register (IR) and the program counter (PC). In the arithmetic and logical components of the central processing unit, the register included is the accumulator (ACC).
Memory
Memory has the largest scope and covers almost all categories of storage. The registers and memory you mentioned are all types of memory. All hardware with storage capabilities can be called memory. This is natural. The hard disk is even more obvious. It is classified into the ranks of external memory, so it can be seen from this.
Memory
is internal memory in its professional name. It is not a mysterious thing. It is just a drop in the ocean of memory. It covers a wide range and is generally divided into read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). As well as the most powerful cache memory (CACHE), read-only memory is widely used. It is usually a readable chip integrated in the hardware. Its function is to identify and control the hardware. Its characteristic is that it can only be read and cannot be written. The characteristic of random access memory is that it can be read and written, and all data will disappear after the power is turned off. This is what we call the memory stick.
Cache CACHE
The cache is the buffer for data exchange (called Cache). When a piece of hardware wants to read data, it will first search for the required data from the cache. If it is found, it will be executed directly. If it is not found, it will be executed from the memory. try to find. Since cache runs much faster than memory, the purpose of the cache is to help the hardware run faster. Because the cache often uses RAM (non-permanent storage that is lost when power is turned off), the files will still be sent to storage such as hard disks for permanent storage after use. The largest cache in a computer is the memory stick. The fastest ones are the L1 and L2 caches built into the CPU. The video memory of the graphics card is a cache for the graphics card's computing chip. There is also a 16M or 32M cache on the hard disk. CACHE is a type of memory in the CPU that is very fast but has a very small capacity. It is the most powerful memory among computer memories. Due to technical limitations, capacity is difficult to increase.