A questionnaire, also known as a questionnaire or inquiry form, is a way to systematically record survey content in the form of questions. Designing questionnaires is the key to inquiry surveys. A perfect questionnaire must have two functions, that is, it can convey the question to the person being asked and make the person being asked happy to answer. To accomplish these two functions, certain principles and processes should be followed and certain techniques should be used when designing questionnaires. The principles and processes of questionnaire design are explained below.
1. Method of questionnaire
Before understanding the principles and procedures of questionnaires, it is necessary to understand how questionnaires are distributed. Questionnaire surveys can be divided into paper questionnaire surveys and online questionnaire surveys. Paper questionnaire surveys are traditional questionnaire surveys. Survey companies hire workers to distribute these paper questionnaires to collect responses. The cost of this form of questionnaire is relatively high. Online questionnaires are more convenient than paper questionnaires. In the era of developed Internet, more and more online survey websites have emerged, such as "Questionnaire Star" and "Questionnaire Network", which are websites that design online survey questionnaires, as shown in Figure 3-3~Figure 3-4 The display shows a screenshot of the questionnaire creation page of "Questionnaire Star" and "Questionnaire Network".
2. Questionnaire design process
(1) Specify the information needed to design the questionnaire: It helps to organize and specify the content of the questionnaire, so that the respondents can understand the purpose and content of the original questionnaire in detail and cooperate with the questionnaire survey in order to obtain useful information. information.
(2) Collect data: When designing a questionnaire, you cannot imagine it in thin air. If you want to design the questionnaire perfectly, the researcher needs to know more things. Collecting information can help to understand the respondent's experience, habits, cultural level, and rich knowledge of the questionnaire questions.
(3) Determine the content of each question: Once the type of interview method is decided, the next step is to determine the content of each question: what should each question include, and what should the questionnaire composed of it ask, and whether it is comprehensive and relevant. To the point.
3. Questionnaire design principles:
(1) Each question only covers one concept: a sentence should only cover one concept as much as possible to avoid confusion among the respondents. For example, "When you encounter setbacks, will you work tirelessly and try new methods to solve it?" This sentence covers the two concepts of "working tirelessly" and "trying new methods", so it is best to use it Change it to two sentences, such as "When you encounter setbacks, will you work tirelessly to solve them." and "When you encounter setbacks, will you try to use new methods to solve them."
(2) Statements that do not require assumptions or guesses: such as "If you had 2 million yuan, would you devote yourself to public welfare?" Such hypothetical questions have too much room for imagination, so the results are not easy to obtain. Inductive explanation. In practical applications, the value is not high.
(3) Easy first then difficult: The questions should be arranged in a certain logical order, such as easy first then difficult, concrete first then abstract, which is more in line with the respondent's thinking process. If the first question is "What comments or suggestions do you have about this app?" this will make the respondent have no clue and give up answering.
(4) Easy-to-understand language: The wording of the question should be clear and concise, so as not to cause the respondent to misunderstand the meaning. The words should also be simple and easy to understand, consistent with the respondent's understanding and cognitive ability, avoid using professional terms, and try to avoid using professional terms. This allows the respondent to save time in answering.
(5) Control the length of the questionnaire: Avoid sentences that are too long. Usually, respondents do not want to spend too much time filling out a questionnaire. If the questions of the questionnaire are simple and clear, the respondents will be more cooperative. ; On the other hand, if the question is complex and lengthy, the respondent may be overwhelmed. The total time to answer the questionnaire should be controlled to about 20 minutes.
Case: How to design a questionnaire
(1) Questionnaire title: Follow the principle of “clear + concise”. For example: "Questionnaire about car washing frequency, price, and method" can be changed to "Car Washing Questionnaire".
(2) Introduction part: The introduction is to introduce some questions in the questionnaire, so that the respondents can be mentally prepared to answer the following questions, in case the respondents have unclear understanding of the questions. The content of the introduction introduces the identity of the investigator, the abstract purpose of this questionnaire survey, etc.
(3) Text part: The text part is the main body of the questionnaire.
(4) Basic information: divided into two parts: filler information and survey information. The filler information usually includes gender, age, occupation, etc. Survey information includes survey time, survey location, investigators and other information.
(5) Conclusion: usually express gratitude to the investigators, blessings, seasonal concerns, etc.