What is browser caching? How to use HTTP headers to control caching?


⭐ Introduction to the column

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⭐ Browser caching and HTTP headers to control caching

Browser caching (Browser Caching) means that the browser stores copies of downloaded files locally so that these files can be reused in future requests, thereby speeding up the loading of web pages and reducing the burden on the server. Browser cache is usually used to store static resources of pages, such as style sheets, scripts, images, etc.


⭐ HTTP headers control caching

HTTP headers play a key role in controlling browser caching. The following are common HTTP headers that can be used to control caching:

1. Cache-Control

Cache-ControlThe header is one of the most important headers to control caching, it defines the caching behavior. Common Cache-Controlcommands include:

  • public: Indicates that the response can be stored by a public cache (such as a proxy server).
  • private: Indicates that the response is only available in private caches (such as browser caches) and cannot be stored in public caches.
  • max-age: Specifies the maximum cache time (in seconds) for responses.
  • no-cache: Indicates that the cache must be revalidated (confirm with the server whether it is expired), but the cache can still be used.
  • no-store: Indicates that the response should not be cached and must be obtained from the server every time.

Example:

Cache-Control: public, max-age=3600

2. Expires

ExpiresThe header defines the expiration time of the response, i.e. the browser should use the cache before this date instead of making a request to the server. It is using the HTTP date format.

Example:

Expires: Tue, 15 Jun 2023 08:00:00 GMT

3. Last-ModifiedandIf-Modified-Since

Last-Modifiedheader indicates the last modification date of the response, and the client can use If-Modified-Sincethe header to send the server's last response date so that the server can tell whether the resource has changed.

Example:

Last-Modified: Wed, 10 May 2023 15:30:00 GMT
If-Modified-Since: Wed, 10 May 2023 15:30:00 GMT

4. ETagandIf-None-Match

ETagThe header is a unique identifier for the response, and the client can use If-None-Matchthe header to send back to the server the last response ETagso the server can tell if the resource has changed.

Example:

ETag: "12345"
If-None-Match: "12345"

⭐ Caching strategy

Depending on your needs, you can use these HTTP headers to define different caching policies. For example, for static resources, you can set a longer value max-ageso that the browser can cache these resources to improve performance. For dynamic content, you can disable caching or use no-cache, to ensure that the browser fetches the latest content from the server every time.

Note that cache control is a complex topic that depends on your application needs and resource types. Properly configured caching can significantly improve website performance, but it also needs to be handled carefully to ensure it does not cause problems.


⭐ Written at the end

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