Knowing common interview questions is crucial when preparing for a C++ client development interview.
This article will introduce some common C++ client development interview questions and their answers, and provide some useful tips and advice.
1. Smart pointer
A smart pointer is a special pointer type in C++. It allows automatic management of resources while the program is running, avoiding problems such as memory leaks. In C++11, two smart pointers are introduced: std::unique_ptr and std::shared_ptr. std::unique_ptr represents a pointer with exclusive ownership, and std::shared_ptr represents a pointer with shared ownership.
When answering questions about smart pointers, it is important to emphasize what they do and how to use them correctly to ensure memory safety.
2. Virtual functions
Virtual functions are a mechanism that allow subclasses to override parent class methods, thereby achieving polymorphism. To define a virtual function, you need to add the virtual keyword before the function, and use the override keyword to mark the subclass method. When calling a virtual function, the compiler will choose the corresponding function version according to the actual type of the object.
When answering questions about virtual functions, you need to emphasize the concepts of virtual functions and polymorphism and how they work, and give some concrete examples to better illustrate these concepts.
3. Container class
Container classes in C++ include vector, list, map, set, etc. These container classes differ in the operations and efficiencies they support. For example, vector supports random access and fast tail insertion, while list supports fast arbitrary position insertion and deletion.
When answering questions about container classes, highlight their usage scenarios, advantages and disadvantages, and give some specific examples to illustrate the differences between different containers.
4. Polymorphism
Polymorphism is an object-oriented programming concept that allows different objects to respond differently to the same message. In C++, polymorphism is usually achieved through virtual functions and inheritance. Subclasses can override parent class methods and provide different implementations as needed.
When answering questions related to polymorphism, it is necessary to emphasize the role of virtual functions and inheritance, and give some specific examples to illustrate the implementation of polymorphism.
5. Template class
Template classes are a mechanism that can automatically generate multiple classes of different types. To define a template class, you need to use the template keyword and specify generic type parameters, such as T, U, etc. Classes defined in this way can pass concrete types when instantiated.
When answering questions related to template classes, it is necessary to emphasize the concept of template classes and their functions, and give some specific examples to illustrate how template classes are used.
6. RAII
RAII is a resource management technique whose purpose is to ensure automatic acquisition and release of resources during the object life cycle. RAII is usually implemented by acquiring resources in the object constructor and releasing resources in the destructor.
When answering questions about RAII, it is important to emphasize what it does and how it is implemented, and to give some specific examples of how RAII is used to manage resources.
7. Exception handling
Exception handling is a mechanism for handling program error conditions. In C++, exceptions can be thrown through the throw statement, and then caught and processed through the try-catch statement. Exception handling can effectively prevent the program from crashing or producing unexpected behavior.
When answering questions related to exception handling, it is necessary to emphasize the concept of exception handling and its usage scenarios
Call it a day!
You can also read here for getting started with C++:
C++ Practical Introductory Tutorial
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