Detailed explanation of http https socket communication?

introduce

HTTP, HTTPS, and Socket are three common network communication protocols, which are used to implement data transmission and communication in different scenarios.

1. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): HTTP is a protocol used to transfer data between web browsers and web servers. It uses TCP as a transport protocol and communicates through a request-response pattern. The client sends an HTTP request to the server, and the server processes the request and returns an HTTP response. HTTP communication usually uses port 80.

2. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): HTTPS is a protocol that adds security to HTTP. It encrypts and authenticates communications using the SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocols to protect the security of your data. HTTPS communication usually uses port 443.

3. Socket (Socket): Socket is a programming interface for network communication. It provides a set of functions and methods that allow applications to transfer data over the network. Socket can run on different transport layer protocols, such as TCP or UDP. It provides the underlying network communication capabilities, enabling applications to send and receive data directly.

Detailed explanation of HTTP hypertext transmission:

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol used to transfer data on the Web. It is a client-server model protocol where the client sends HTTP requests to the server and receives HTTP responses from the server in return.

The following are some key concepts and detailed explanations of HTTP:

1. Hypertext:

   1.HTTP is a protocol for transmitting hypertext. Hypertext refers to documents that can contain multimedia elements such as text, images, and links.

2. Request-response model:

   1. HTTP uses a request-response model for communication. The client sends an HTTP request to the server, and the server processes the request and returns an HTTP response to the client.

3. URL（Uniform Resource Locator）：

   1. A URL is an address used to identify the location of a resource on the Web. It contains information such as protocol, hostname, port number, path, and query parameters.

4. HTTP method:

   1.HTTP defines some common methods (also known as verbs) for specifying the purpose and type of operation of the request. Common HTTP methods include GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.

5. Request header:

   1. The request header contains additional information sent by the client to the server, such as user agent, content type, authorization information, etc.

6. Request body:

   1. The request body contains the actual data sent by the client to the server, such as form data, JSON data, etc.

7. status code:

   1. The HTTP response contains a status code, which is used to indicate the processing result of the request. Common status codes include 200 (success), 404 (not found), 500 (internal server error), etc. Detailed explanation of HTTP status code

8. Response header:

   1. The response header contains additional information returned by the server to the client, such as content type, cache control, cross-domain policy, etc.

9. Response body:

   1. The response body contains the actual data returned by the server to the client, such as HTML documents, JSON data, etc.

10. Persistent connection:

    1. HTTP uses short connections by default, that is, each request-response will establish a new connection. To improve performance, you can use persistent connections to send multiple requests on the same connection.

11. safety:

    1. HTTP itself is insecure, and the data is in plain text during transmission, which is easy to be eavesdropped and tampered with. In order to protect data security, you can use HTTPS (HTTP Secure), which adds an SSL/TLS encryption layer to HTTP.

HTTP is a very important protocol in web development, it defines the communication rules between client and server. By understanding how HTTP works and concepts, you can do better web development and network communication.

HTTPS Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol:

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is an HTTP protocol that protects data transmission security through encryption and authentication. It adds an SSL/TLS protocol layer on the basis of HTTP to encrypt and protect transmitted data.

The following are some key concepts and detailed explanations of HTTPS:

1. SSL/TLS：

   • SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are protocols for encrypted communication. TLS is the successor of SSL, and the TLS protocol is widely used at present.
   • SSL/TLS uses public key encryption and private key decryption to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of communications.

2. Digital certificate:

   • HTTPS uses digital certificates to verify the server's identity. Digital certificates are issued by a trusted third-party organization (called a certificate authority, CA) to prove the identity of the server and the authenticity of the public key.
   • The digital certificate contains information such as the server's public key, the validity period of the certificate, and the signature of the issuing authority.

3. Encrypted communication:

   • HTTPS uses public key cryptography to encrypt transmitted data. The client uses the server's public key to encrypt data, and only the server has the corresponding private key to decrypt the data.
   • This encryption method can prevent data from being eavesdropped and tampered with, and ensures data confidentiality and integrity.

4. Secure Sockets Layer:

   1. HTTPS uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL/TLS) to establish a secure channel between HTTP and the transport layer (such as TCP). This secure channel is established through a handshake process and uses encryption algorithms to protect data transmission.

5. URLs for HTTPS:

   1. The HTTPS URL is similar to the HTTP URL, except that the protocol part is changed from "http://" to "https://". Other parts such as hostname, port number, path, etc. remain unchanged.

By using HTTPS, more secure data transmission can be provided, preventing sensitive information from being eavesdropped, tampered with or forged. HTTPS is widely used in websites that need to protect user privacy and sensitive data, such as e-commerce, online banking, social media, etc. For web developers, understanding how HTTPS works and how to configure it is important knowledge to protect websites and user data.

Socket socket

Socket (Socket) is an abstract concept for communication in computer network. It provides a programming interface that enables applications to send and receive data over the network.

Here are some details about sockets:

1. Socket communication:

   • Socket communication is a means of inter-process communication over a network. It allows applications to transfer data over a network between different computers.

2. Socket type:

   • In socket programming, there are two common socket types: stream socket (Socket Stream) and datagram socket (Socket Datagram).
   • Stream sockets provide connection-oriented reliable data transmission using the TCP protocol. Datagram sockets provide connectionless, unreliable data transmission using the UDP protocol.

3. Socket address:

   • Sockets use IP addresses and port numbers to identify processes on the network. The IP address is used to identify the host, and the port number is used to identify the process on the host.

4. Socket programming:

   • Socket programming is a method of network programming that allows developers to use socket interfaces for network communication.
   • Socket programming provides a series of functions and methods for creating sockets, binding addresses, listening for connections, sending and receiving data, and other operations.

5. Client and server:

   • In socket communication, there are usually two roles of client and server. The client initiates a connection request, and the server accepts the connection request and provides services.

Sockets provide a flexible and powerful programming interface that enables developers to build various network applications, such as Web servers, chat applications, and real-time communication applications. Socket programming plays an important role in network programming and is the basis for implementing network communication.