Not long ago, Jato Dynamics, a market research agency, counted the sales of 53 major vehicle markets around the world. The data shows that Model Y has surpassed fuel vehicles such as Toyota Corolla and Hilux, and officially became the best-selling car in the world in the first quarter of this year. This is the first time an electric car has topped the best-selling car list.
For the entire electric car industry, Tesla's victory this time is of great significance. This means that the public's acceptance and favorability of trams has increased unprecedentedly, and trams have really begun to compete with fuel vehicles.
At present, new energy electric vehicles have become the development trend of the automobile industry, and the core technology of Sanden determines the performance of the whole vehicle to a large extent. For electric vehicles, the three-electric system including battery, motor, and electronic control can directly affect the vehicle's battery life, top speed, cost, safety and many other dimensions.
It can be said that the "three electric" technology is the soul of a tram.
For many people, Tesla is the undisputed leader in the electric car industry, so what is Tesla's three-electric technology? Today, let's chat together.
1. Battery
As the first of the "three electric" technologies, the importance of batteries is self-evident. Tesla adopts a breakthrough cylindrical battery design in the industry, which has better heat dissipation and safety performance, and the grouping of cylindrical batteries can better meet output requirements.
The internal resistance of the Tesla battery is very small, and its power consumption is very low. The battery cell of this battery is made of nickel-cobalt-aluminum material, which makes the battery density stronger. Under the same battery volume, the cylindrical cell design can arrange more cells. A single charge can store more electricity, making the average electricity bill per kilometer lower.
For the safety of batteries, Tesla has also worked hard. Before being loaded into the car, each Tesla battery has undergone rigorous testing. After high temperature, rain, electric shock and other tests. At the same time, flame-retardant materials are installed between the battery module, battery pack, and vehicle body to effectively block heat from spreading when the battery is overheated.
Tesla's official "2020 Impact Report" mentioned that according to the actual mileage data of Tesla Model S and Model X owners, the average battery capacity retention rate of the vehicle is about 90% after driving 322,000 kilometers . The decay rate is very small. The battery attenuation is an important factor in determining the life of an electric vehicle.
2. Motor
Model S Plaid, hailed by the media as one of the fastest mass-produced cars in the world, has a top speed of 322km/h, which means that Tesla's top speed is comparable to that of an airplane taking off.
Not only that, but the Model 3 and Model Y, which are more affordable, also have the powerful performance of "supercar level". Among them, the Model Y high-performance version accelerates to 100 kilometers in only 3.3 seconds, which is in the same range as Lamborghini Reventon, Ferrari 599 and other models;
The Model Y high-performance version with an acceleration of 3.7 seconds to 100 kilometers is also praised by the media as "one of the fastest SUVs to 100 kilometers".
Such powerful performance is due to Tesla's powerful motor performance.
On Tesla's all-wheel-drive models, it is equipped with independently controlled motors on the front and rear axles, which can efficiently drive the four wheels.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor uses permanent magnets to provide moving magnetism, no excitation current, no excitation loss, and stronger energy efficiency control; Tesla's self-developed induction motor generates a strong receptive magnetic field through digitally controlled current, and the magnetic field alternately attracts back and forth And repelling the rotor, so as to generate power, drive the wheels to rotate, make the kinetic energy conversion efficient and direct, and further improve the performance of the vehicle.
Tesla motors have strong, instant torque. The Model S Plaid is equipped with 3 independent drive units, each of which contains a motor rotor with a carbon fiber protective cover to provide a guarantee for the vehicle to achieve higher speeds.
In addition to structural design, Tesla Motors has also made great efforts in material selection. For example, the silicon carbide used in the motor. Due to technical and cost constraints, silicon carbide is currently only used in some high-end models in the industry, but Tesla Model 3 and Model Y all use this material.
In addition, the "direct cooling" system of the motor allows Tesla to directly cool the stator and rotor with lubricating fluid. This not only makes motor temperature control more efficient, but also reduces the complexity of the motor design.
3. Electric control
After talking about the battery and the motor, let's talk about the electronic control.
The importance of the electronic control system lies in the ability to achieve reasonable distribution and management of electric energy, ensure the normal use of all aspects of the vehicle, and improve energy efficiency and safety.
Tesla faces a bigger challenge with its battery management system (BMS) than many other vehicles. Tesla uses a battery system composed of a large number of 21700 cylindrical ternary lithium batteries, which makes the number of batteries large. Ordinary BMS systems cannot meet the management needs of so many batteries. Tesla independently developed the BMS battery management technology and adopted a master-slave architecture, that is, a management method of "one master and four slaves". At the "Penthouse" position of the battery pack, there is a main control BMU center, where four BMS system lines are distributed. In addition, all battery electronic control systems are integrated in the Penthouse. This high degree of integration of electronic control systems is also a feature that Tesla is proud of.
The Tesla BMS system adopts a modular design, even if different types of batteries are used, it can still be well adapted and shows a high degree of inclusiveness. The cell balance adopts a two-stage method, which prolongs the service life of the cell and reduces the attenuation of the cell power.
In general, Tesla's BMS battery management technology can manage batteries accurately and efficiently, prevent battery overcharge and overdischarge, reduce battery loss, and improve battery life and battery life. Tesla's electronic control technology surpasses most car companies, which is also a huge factor for their technological leadership in the industry.
As a leading company in the electric vehicle industry, Tesla has always focused on self-developed " three electric " core technologies, and has achieved many achievements in power battery cells, motors, and electronic controls. It is also because of its solid three-electric technology that the vehicle has a higher speed performance and makes the tram safe to travel convincingly, thus leading the vigorous development of the electric vehicle industry.