Table of contents
一、Spring Cloud
Spring Cloud is an open source framework based on Spring Framework for building microservice architectures in distributed systems. It provides a set of tools and components for developing and managing individual microservices in a distributed system. Spring Cloud abstracts common patterns and problems in microservice architecture and provides a set of solutions.
Spring Cloud provides a variety of features, including service registration and discovery, load balancing, circuit breakers, configuration management, message bus, routing, and more. Its core components include Eureka, Ribbon, Feign, Hystrix, Zuul, Config Server, etc. These components can work together to help developers build elastic, reliable, and highly available distributed systems.
Through Spring Cloud, developers can build and manage microservices more easily, and implement functions such as service registration and discovery, communication between services, load balancing, and fault handling. It can be integrated with a variety of development frameworks and technology stacks, such as Spring Boot, Netflix OSS, Docker, Kubernetes, etc., providing a more flexible and scalable microservice architecture solution.
In short, Spring Cloud is an open source framework for building microservice architecture, which simplifies the development and management of microservices in distributed systems by providing a series of tools and components.
2. Netflix OSS
Netflix OSS (Open Source Software) is a set of open source software tools and frameworks developed and maintained by Netflix for building highly scalable, elastic and reliable distributed systems. Netflix OSS is a summary of the experience and technology accumulated by Netflix in the process of practicing the microservice architecture.
Netflix OSS includes many components and libraries, some of which have become widely used standards in the industry. The following are some of the core components of Netflix OSS:
-
Eureka: A component for service registration and discovery, which provides management and monitoring of microservice instances.
-
Ribbon: The load balancing component is used to select the appropriate service instance when the client makes a service call.
-
Hystrix: A fault-tolerant and circuit breaker library for handling failures and delays in distributed systems, providing fault protection and fault tolerance.
-
Feign: Simplifies remote calls between services and provides a declarative service call interface.
-
Zuul: An edge gateway component for functions such as dynamic routing, filtering, and authentication.
-
Archaius: A configuration management library for fetching and dynamically updating configurations in real time.
These components of Netflix OSS work together to build a highly scalable, elastic, and reliable microservice architecture. They have been practiced and verified within Netflix for a long time, and they are also widely used and supported in the open source community. Many enterprises and development teams choose to use Netflix OSS to build and manage their own microservice systems.
3. Kubernetes
Kubernetes (often abbreviated as K8s) is an open source container orchestration and management tool for automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It provides a container cluster management solution that can deploy, run, and manage containerized applications on the cloud or in a local environment. Kubernetes provides many features, including service discovery and load balancing, automatic scaling, container health checks, automatic deployment and rolling updates, failure recovery, key management, and more.
Kubernetes is built on container technology (such as Docker), which abstracts the complexity of container orchestration and management into a set of APIs and tools, making it easier for developers and operation and maintenance personnel to manage and expand applications. Kubernetes uses a master-slave architecture, including master nodes (Master) and work nodes (Worker). The master node is responsible for the management and control of the cluster, and the worker nodes are responsible for running container instances.
Kubernetes has the following characteristics:
-
Automation: Kubernetes can automatically deploy, expand, schedule, and manage applications, providing automated operation and maintenance capabilities.
-
Elasticity and scalability: Kubernetes supports automatic scaling of applications based on load, ensuring that applications always have sufficient resources.
-
Fault tolerance and high availability: Kubernetes has a fault tolerance mechanism that can automatically restart failed container instances to ensure high availability of applications.
-
Flexible deployment: Kubernetes supports multiple deployment methods, such as a single container, a combination of multiple containers, and stateful applications, and can be flexibly configured according to business needs.
-
Cross-platform and cloud-native: Kubernetes can run on various cloud platforms and also supports local environment deployment. It is an important infrastructure for cloud-native applications.
Kubernetes has become the de facto standard in the field of container orchestration and management, and is widely used in the production environments of enterprises and developers, providing strong support for building and managing containerized applications.
四、Spring Cloud Config
Spring Cloud Config is a distributed configuration management tool provided by Spring Cloud for centralized management of configuration information in distributed systems. It can help developers decouple configuration information from applications and store and manage it centrally. Spring Cloud Config provides a centralized configuration, and applications can obtain configuration information from the configuration server.
The core components of Spring Cloud Config include Config Server and Config Client. Config Server is an independent service for storing and managing configuration information. It can read configuration files from various back-end storages (such as Git, SVN, local file system, etc.), and provide the Client with an interface for obtaining configuration information.
Config Client is a library in the application to obtain configuration information from Config Server. Applications can access the Config Server through the Config Client and obtain configuration information as needed. The Config Client can automatically refresh the configuration by integrating with Spring Boot, that is, when the configuration file changes, the application can automatically reload the latest configuration information.
Spring Cloud Config also provides some features, such as encryption and decryption of configuration files, version management of configuration information, dynamic refresh of configuration information, etc. These features can help developers manage and use configuration information more flexibly.
In summary, Spring Cloud Config is a tool for centralized management of distributed system configuration information. It stores, manages and obtains configuration information through Config Server and Config Client, and provides some features and functions to help developers handle configuration more conveniently. information.
五、Elasticsearch
Elasticsearch is a Lucene-based open source search engine for building and managing large-scale data storage and retrieval systems with real-time search and analysis capabilities. It is widely used in full-text search, log analysis, data analysis and other fields.
Elasticsearch has the following characteristics:
-
Distributed and scalable: Elasticsearch is based on a distributed architecture, which can distribute data on multiple nodes to achieve horizontal data expansion and load balancing.
-
Real-time search and analysis: Elasticsearch supports real-time indexing and search, can quickly perform full-text search, aggregation analysis and filtering operations, and provides a rich search and query API.
-
Support for multiple data types: Elasticsearch supports indexing and searching of multiple data types, including text, numeric values, dates, geographic locations, etc., to meet different types of data storage and query requirements.
-
Powerful query language: Elasticsearch uses JSON-based query language, supports complex query and filter conditions, and can flexibly query and filter data.
-
High availability and fault tolerance: Elasticsearch has an automatic data fragmentation and replication mechanism to ensure data reliability and high availability, as well as failover and fault tolerance.
-
Rich ecosystem: Elasticsearch has a rich ecosystem of plug-ins and tools that can be integrated with various data sources and tools, such as Logstash, Kibana, and Beats.
Elasticsearch is widely used in search engines, log analysis, real-time monitoring, recommendation systems and other fields. It provides powerful search and analysis capabilities and helps users quickly build and manage large-scale data storage and retrieval systems.