Mainly these aspects:
- Reasonable design of database structure, including correct selection of data types, reduction of redundant data and avoidance of complex relationships, etc.
- Create indexes to speed up queries.
- Control the amount of data to minimize unnecessary data read and write operations and storage space usage.
- Optimize query statements and avoid using overly complex or inefficient statements, such as SELECT *.
- Use caching technologies, such as Memcached or Redis, to reduce data access latency.
- For high-load databases, consider using master-slave replication or sharding to improve performance and scalability.
- Regularly clear useless data and log files to reduce database storage space usage and backup recovery time.
- Avoid performing high-volume update operations during busy periods, and perform maintenance operations during low-traffic periods whenever possible.
(be sure to practice)