Perhaps we have all thought about how amazing it would be if one day the ubiquitous electromagnetic waves could be seen by us! If someone has already started doing such research, perhaps wearing a kind of glasses in the future can see electromagnetic waves, and be able to perceive its strength, shape, and changes.
But before that comes, we still have to rely on understanding and imagination, or simulation software to pry into its secrets. The following is an example of beamforming dynamic scanning for a 16x1 antenna array:
In addition to 5G, beamforming antenna arrays can also be used for aviation meteorological monitoring, disaster warning, environmental monitoring, such as oil spill monitoring at sea, etc. The picture below shows a mobile satellite terminal using a conformal phased array antenna installed on an aircraft , a train, car example, can scan the sky for satcom signals:
The difference in phase controls the direction of the beam. The figure below shows an example of an equal phase increment. The final pattern shape is related to the number, spacing, and wavelength of the antenna elements.
Beamforming networks can be fabricated from microstrip line circuits, and using a Butler Matrix feed network, almost all distributed element parameters of the transmission line can be placed on a 50 Ω microstrip line. Beam scanning is performed without expensive active equipment, saving costs.
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