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In automated testing, frameworks provide a structured way of organizing and executing test cases. They provide a set of guidelines and best practices that enable testers to write test scripts that are reusable, maintainable, and extensible. In this post, we will discuss different types of frameworks in automation testing that can be used with Maven and Selenium TestNG.
1. Modular testing framework
A Modular Testing Framework is a type of automated testing framework that breaks down large test scripts into smaller modular units, each responsible for testing a specific functionality of the application.
Such frameworks allow testers to execute these modules in a specific order or sequence according to the test requirements. These modules can be reused across multiple test cases, speeding up test script development and execution.
Basic steps involved in a modular testing framework:
1. Identify test scenarios and define the modules needed to execute those scenarios.
2. Create a module library that contains modules and their associated actions or events.
3. Create a test script that uses these modules to execute the test scenario.
4. Execute the test script and analyze the test results.
5. Update the module library as needed and rerun the test script.
The benefits of using a modular testing framework include:
● Improve the reusability and maintainability of test scripts
● Reduced script development time and effort
● Faster test execution and debugging time
● Better test coverage and flexibility
2. Linear Script Framework
Linear Scripting Framework (Linear Scripting Framework) is an automated testing framework that uses a step-by-step approach to execute test cases.
Such frameworks create a linear sequence of actions or events that a user performs on an application, and test scripts execute these actions in a specific order, verifying expected results at each step. Such frameworks are simple and easy to implement, making them a popular choice for small to medium applications.
Basic steps involved in the linear scripting framework:
1. Identify test scenarios and define the steps required to execute those scenarios.
2. Create a test script that executes the test steps in a linear fashion.
3. Execute the test script and analyze the test results.
4. Update the test script and re-run the test script as needed.
The benefits of using the LinearScript framework include:
● Simple and easy to implement
● Suitable for small or medium-sized applications
● Easy to understand and modify test scripts
3. Data-driven framework
Data-Driven Framework (Data-Driven Framework) is a popular automated testing framework that allows testers to work with data from various sources such as Excel sheets, CSV files, or databases.
Such frameworks separate test data from test scripts, enabling testers to change test data without modifying test scripts. In such frameworks, test cases written by testers can be executed multiple times with different data sets. Maven and Selenium TestNG support data-driven frameworks using TestNG's DataProvider functionality.
Basic steps involved in a data-driven framework:
1. Determine the test scenario and data requirements.
2. Create test data in the desired format, such as an Excel sheet or database.
3. Create a test script that can read test data from a file and execute test steps for each set of data.
4. Execute the test script with different data sets.
5. Analyze test results and report defects.
The benefits of using a data-driven framework include:
● Improve test coverage: Data-driven framework allows testers to test applications with different data sets, thereby improving test coverage.
● Reduced script development time and effort: Testers can reuse the same test script for different data sets, which reduces the time and effort required for script development.
● Better maintain test data: store test data in a separate file, allowing testers to easily modify or update test data without changing test scripts.
4. Keyword-driven framework
Keyword-Driven Framework is a popular automated testing framework that uses keywords or commands to denote specific actions that a user performs on an application. Test scripts written by testers consist of a series of keywords that are mapped to corresponding functions or methods in the application.
Such frameworks separate test scripts from the application, enabling testers to modify test scripts without changing the application code. Maven and Selenium TestNG support a keyword-driven framework using TestNG's @DataProvider and @Test annotations.
The basic steps involved in a keyword-driven framework:
1. Identify test scenarios and define the keywords needed to execute those scenarios.
2. Create a keyword library, which contains keywords and their related actions or events.
3. Create test scripts, using keywords to execute test scenarios.
4. Execute the test script and analyze the test results.
5. Update the keyword library and re-run the test script as needed.
The benefits of using a keyword-driven framework include:
● Easy to understand and maintain test scripts: The keyword-driven framework makes test scripts easy to understand and maintain because testers can use a set of predefined keywords to perform specific actions or events.
● Reduce script development time and effort: Testers can reuse keywords in different test cases, reducing script development time and effort.
● Improve test coverage and flexibility: keyword-driven framework allows testers to create test cases with better coverage and flexibility, because they can reuse keywords in different test cases.
5. Hybrid Framework
A hybrid framework is a combination of data-driven and keyword-driven frameworks that allow testers to write test cases that use datasets, keywords, and reusable functions. Testers can use datasets to provide input values for keywords, and keywords can use functions to perform complex operations.
This type of framework is more flexible and can choose between a data-driven or keyword-driven approach depending on the test requirements. Maven and Selenium TestNG use TestNG's @DataProvider and @Test annotations, as well as TestNG's configuration files, to support hybrid frameworks.
Basic steps involved in a hybrid framework:
1. Determine the test scenario and data requirements.
2. Define the keywords needed to execute the test scenario.
3. Create test scripts and use keywords to execute test scenarios for different datasets.
4. Execute the test script and analyze the test results.
5. Update the keyword library and test data as needed, and rerun the test script.
The benefits of using a hybrid framework include:
● Improve test coverage: The hybrid framework allows testers to test applications with different data sets and predefined keywords, thereby improving test coverage.
● Better flexibility: Hybrid frameworks have better flexibility in handling complex test scenarios by combining the advantages of two or more frameworks.
● Reduce script development time and effort: Testers can reuse the same test script for different data sets and keywords, which reduces the time and effort required for script development.
6. Behavior Driven Development (BDD) Framework
BDD (Behavior-Driven Development) is a testing method that mainly describes the behavior of the application in the form of natural language. The BDD framework uses the Gherkin grammar, which is a structured language that uses keywords such as Given, When, Then, And, and But to describe the behavior of an application. The BDD framework provides the ability to write test cases in a natural language format, making it easily understandable by all stakeholders. Maven and Selenium TestNG support BDD framework using Cucumber-JVM and TestNG-Cucumber plugin.
Basic steps involved in a Behavior Driven Development (BDD) framework:
1. Determine the expected behavior of the application and create test scenarios in natural language format.
2. Create step definitions for each test scenario.
3. Create a profile that describes the behavior of the application.
4. Execute these signature files using a BDD testing tool such as Cucumber or JBehave.
5. Analyze test results and report defects.
The benefits of using a BDD framework include:
● Improving collaboration among stakeholders: The BDD framework encourages collaboration among testers, developers, and other stakeholders by using natural language to describe the behavior of an application.
● Improve test coverage: BDD framework allows testers to create test cases according to the expected behavior of the application, thereby improving test coverage.
● Faster feedback and debugging: BDD frameworks provide faster feedback and debugging by identifying the cause of failure and emphasizing it in the natural language used in test cases.
7. Page Object Model (POM) framework
POM (Page Object Model) is a popular design pattern that provides a structured way to organize and maintain web elements in web pages. The POM framework uses object-oriented programming concepts to create reusable page objects that represent different elements of a web page, such as buttons, text boxes, and drop-down boxes. The POM framework separates the web page code from the test code, enabling testers to modify the test code without changing the web page code. Maven and Selenium TestNG supports the POM framework using TestNG's PageFactory class.
The basic steps involved in the Page Object Model (POM) framework:
1. Identify the pages in your application and create a separate class for each page.
2. Define page elements and methods in each class.
3. Create test scripts that use page objects to interact with the application.
4. Execute the test script and analyze the test results.
5. Update the page object as necessary and rerun the test script.
The benefits of using the Page Object Model (POM) framework include:
● Improve maintainability: The POM framework improves the maintainability of test scripts by separating page elements and methods into independent classes.
● Reduced script development.
It should be pointed out here that strictly speaking, there is no page object model framework, it is just a design pattern. But you also have to admit that it's the most widely used design pattern and people always start calling it a framework, that's why I included it.
8. Test Driven Framework (TDF)
Test Driven Framework is another type of automated testing framework that involves creating test cases before writing the actual code. In this approach, developers write test cases, define the expected behavior of the application, and write code to satisfy these test cases.
The basic steps involved in a test-driven framework are:
1. Write a failing test: first write a test case for the function you want to implement. The test case should fail initially because the functionality is not yet implemented.
2. Write the code to pass the test: Write the minimum amount of code required to pass the test. Code should be written with the goal of passing tests and nothing more.
3. Refactor the code: Once the tests pass, refactor the code to improve its quality and maintainability. This step involves making the code clean, readable, and maintainable.
4. Repeat: Repeat the above steps for each new feature or change in requirements.
The benefits of using a test-driven framework include:
● Improve code quality
● Faster development cycle
● Reduced code complexity
● Better collaboration between developers and testers
In summary, test-driven frameworks are a popular approach to automated testing that involves creating test cases before writing code. This approach ensures that applications behave as expected, improves code quality, and shortens development cycles. With Maven and Selenium TestNG, developers and testers can implement a test-driven framework that improves the overall quality of the application.
END meager strength
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