What is AR technology?
AR technology (Augmented Reality) refers to superimposing virtual objects in the real world so that users can interact with virtual objects. The core of AR technology is to capture images in the real environment through cameras, add virtual objects to them, and finally present them to users.
Application Scenarios of AR Technology
AR technology has been widely used in games, education, medical treatment, industry and other fields. Let's introduce some common application scenarios.
game
AR technology can add more interactivity and fun to games. For example, "Pokemon Go" is a game based on AR technology. Players can see virtual sprites appear in the real world through the mobile phone screen and interact with them.
educate
AR technology can enable students to better understand and remember abstract knowledge points. For example, when studying biology courses, AR technology can allow students to observe and interact with simulated biological instances through mobile phones or tablets to enhance their practical understanding.
the medical
AR technology can help doctors perform surgery, treatment and diagnosis better. For example, when performing complex surgical operations, doctors can use AR technology to display the patient's anatomical structure in real time, so as to perform surgery more accurately.
industry
AR technology can provide workers with more information and guidance to help them perform tasks better. For example, when assembling auto parts, AR technology can display the name and location of each part in the sight of workers, so that they can be operated more quickly and accurately.
Realization of AR Technology
There are many ways to implement AR technology. Let's introduce some common implementation ways below.
Marker-Based AR Technology
Marker-based AR technology is one of the earliest technologies applied in the field of AR. It requires placing a specific marker in the real world, which the camera scans to add virtual objects to the image. The advantage of this technique is that it is easy to implement, but the disadvantage is that it requires specialized marking.
import cv2
import numpy as np
# 加载标记图片
marker = cv2.imread('marker.jpg')
# 设置相机参数
parameters = cv2.aruco.DetectorParameters_create()
camera_matrix = np.array([[800, 0, 320], [0, 800, 240], [0, 0, 1]])
distortion_coefficients = np.array([[0.1, 0.01, 0.001, -0.001, 0.01]])
# 创建AR识别器
aruco_dict = cv2.aruco.Dictionary_get(cv2.aruco.DICT_4X4_50)
aruco_params = cv2.aruco.Params()
# 检测标记并在图像中绘制
corners, ids, rejectedImgPoints = cv2.aruco.detectMarkers(marker, aruco_dict, parameters=parameters)
if len(corners) > 0:
for i in range(len(corners)):
cv2.aruco.drawDetectedMarkers(marker, corners, ids)
# 显示图像
cv2.imshow('AR Marker', marker)
cv2.waitKey(0)
Location-Based AR Technology
Location-based AR technology needs to use GPS, gyroscope and other hardware devices to determine the user's position and direction, so as to project virtual objects to the correct position. The advantage of this technique is that no specific markers are required, but additional hardware support is required.
// 获取当前位置信息
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
double latitude = location.getLatitude();
double longitude = location.getLongitude();
float altitude = location.getAltitude();
// 计算当前方向
SensorManager sensorManager = (SensorManager) getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
Sensor magneticField = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD);
Sensor accelerometer = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
float[] magneticFieldValues = new float[3];
float[] accelerometerValues = new float[3];
sensorManager.registerListener(new SensorEventListener() {
@Override
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
if (event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD) {
magneticFieldValues = event.values;
} else if (event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER) {
accelerometerValues = event.values;
}
// 计算方向角度
float[] rotationMatrix = new float[9];
float[] orientationAngles = new float[3];
SensorManager.getRotationMatrix(rotationMatrix, null, accelerometerValues, magneticFieldValues);
SensorManager.getOrientation(rotationMatrix, orientationAngles);
float azimuth = orientationAngles[0];
float pitch = orientationAngles[1];
float roll = orientationAngles[2];
}
}, magneticField, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL, Handler());
SLAM-based AR technology
The AR technology based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) is a real-time AR technology that can simultaneously locate users and establish environmental models. This technology requires the use of depth cameras and SLAM algorithms to add virtual objects to the real world by calculating the camera position and pose.
// 初始化深度相机
KinectFusionProcessor processor;
processor.Initialize();
// 获取当前帧图像
cv::Mat colorImage, depthImage;
GetColorAndDepthImage```c++
// 处理当前帧图像
processor.ProcessFrame(colorImage, depthImage);
// 获取相机位姿和点云信息
CameraPose cameraPose;
PointCloud pointCloud;
processor.GetCameraPose(cameraPose);
processor.GetPointCloud(pointCloud);
// 将虚拟物体加入到点云中
pointCloud.AddVirtualObject(virtualObject, virtualObjectPose);
// 渲染点云并显示图像
renderer.Render(pointCloud, cameraPose);
renderer.Show();
Future Development of AR Technology
With the continuous development of AR technology, it will be applied in more fields. AR technology can be combined with artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies to provide users with more intelligent and convenient services. For example, in terms of home healthcare, AR technology can be combined with an artificial intelligence diagnosis system so that patients can receive professional medical services at home.
In short, AR technology is a very promising technology, and it will have a wide range of applications in various fields. I hope this blog can give readers a deeper understanding of AR technology.