How to install third-party libraries in PyCharm?

This tutorial is written by: Daxia (AhcaoZhu) .

1. Before installing, how do you know which libraries your system has installed?

There are several known ways to know which libraries or modules are installed on your system. Listed below, in fact, you know one of them is enough.

1. In the window's resource manager, find the Python installation directory

Under <installation directory>\Lib\, there are already installed libraries.

2. In the PyCharm integrated editor

1) Open the console. Type the command help()
if you can’t find the console, see the picture below (1)
2) Then, type: modules

3) You may get the following list indicating the libraries or modules that your system has installed.
Please note: Because the system version installed on each machine and the initialization situation are different, the following is just an example. That's roughly what it looks like on your machine.

For the modules listed above, you can continue to type the module name directly at the help> prompt to get very detailed help for the module, but it is explained in English.

3. In the settings

Open 设置
1) Open method one: Menu 文件→ 设置. Or, as shown in the figure below:
2) Opening method 2:

After opening, find the project interpreter. In the list on the right, the currently installed modules and the latest modules of each module are clearly listed. Do you need to upgrade? (You can decide to upgrade automatically, not upgrade, or manually upgrade)

2. How to install the module

Basically corresponding to the installation module found above, the installation methods usually have the following types:

1. When writing code in the IDE, we directly import the module, whether it is installed or not:

import matplotlib

As shown in the picture above, when this module is not installed, the instant help of the system will display a small red light, and when the mouse hovers over the code, it will pop up 安装软件包matplotlibthis prompt.
At this time, we can directly click on it to install it.

2. 设置Install in

For the method of opening 设置, see first and 3 above).
In this interface, you can search for the module name and install it. Or:
When a module is not the latest version and you want to upgrade to the latest version, you can also directly click the link on the right in the list to upgrade and install directly.

3. 软件包Install in

As shown in the figure below: follow the sequence shown in the illustrations, first search, view the module description and help, and finally click 4) to install.

4. Install 终端under :

The method of opening the terminal: (choose one)
1) Select Python控制台the terminal at the bottom of the PyCharm IDE window
2) Under Windows, press the WIN+R key (or 任务栏→ 开始菜单, 搜索程序和文件enter cmdEnter
In the terminal opened above, enter:

pip install  <模块名> 回车

This is the most professional method, and of course the most complicated.
The pip command, without parameters, will echo the help of the command line parameters. See.
In addition, the advantage of using pip is that it can write batch processing, plan scheduling and remote installation.

3. How do I know which modules need to be installed? Which modules do what?

An important principle is to install these related modules when a certain aspect of research or development is required;
in the software package introduced above, try to enter the name of the module you imagined, and a list will appear, click the one you are interested in Name, the version, module function introduction and other information will appear on the right. You spend a little time getting to know it first, rather than rushing to install it. Maybe there are better options.
Below I list the common modules introduced in the official V3.7.8 version and their classifications for reference. (Of course it may have outdated content)

Python standard library

Python语言参考描述了 Python 语言的具体语法和语义，这份库参考则介绍了与 Python 一同发行的标准库。它还描述了通常包含在 Python 发行版中的一些可选组件。

> Python 标准库非常庞大，所提供的组件涉及范围十分广泛，正如以下内容目录所显示的。这个库包含了多个内置模块 (以 C 编写)，Python 程序员必须依靠它们来实现系统级功能，例如文件 I/O，此外还有大量以 Python 编写的模块，提供了日常编程中许多问题的标准解决方案。其中有些模块经过专门设计，通过将特定平台功能抽象化为平台中立的 API 来鼓励和加强 Python 程序的可移植性。
> Windows 版本的 Python 安装程序通常包含整个标准库，往往还包含许多额外组件。对于类 Unix 操作系统，Python 通常会分成一系列的软件包，因此可能需要使用操作系统所提供的包管理工具来获取部分或全部可选组件。
> 在这个标准库以外还存在**成千上万**并且不断增加的其他组件 (从单独的程序、模块、软件包直到完整的应用开发框架)，访问 Python 包索引 即可获取这些第三方包。

• overview
• usability notes
• built-in function
• built-in constants
  constants added by the site module
• Built-in types
  Logical value detection
  Boolean operations—and, or, not
  comparison operations
  Numeric types—int, float, complex
  iterator types
  Sequence types—list, tuple, range
  Text sequence types—str
  Binary sequence types—bytes, bytearray, memoryview
  collection types — set, frozenset
  mapping types — dict
  context manager types
  other built-in types
  special attributes
• Built-in Exceptions
  Base Classes
  Concrete Exceptions
  Warnings Exception
  Hierarchy
• Text processing services
  string — common string manipulation
  re — regular expression manipulation
  difflib — aids for computing differences
  textwrap — text wrapping and padding
  unicodedata — Unicode database
  stringprep — Internet string preparation
  readline — GNU readline interface
  rlcompleter — GNU readline's Completion function
• Binary data service
  struct — Interpret byte strings as packed binary data
  codecs — Codec registration and related base classes
• Data type
  datetime — basic date and time type
  calendar — calendar related functions
  collections — container data type
  collections.abc — abstract base class of container
  heapq — heap queue algorithm
  bisect — array binary search algorithm
  array — efficient numerical array
  weakref — weak reference
  types — dynamic type creation and built-in type names
  copy — shallow and deep copy operations
  pprint — data beautification output
  reprlib — another repr() implementation
  enum — enumerated type support
• Numbers and mathematics module
  numbers — abstract base class of numbers
  math — mathematical functions
  cmath — mathematical functions about complex numbers
  decimal — decimal fixed-point and floating-point operations
  fractions — fraction
  random — generate pseudo-random numbers
  statistics — mathematical statistics functions
• Functional programming module
  itertools — functions to create iterators for efficient looping
  functools — higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
  operator — standard operator replacement functions
• file and directory access
  pathlib — object-oriented file system paths
  os.path — common path operations
  fileinput — iterate over lines from multiple input streams
  stat — parse stat() results
  filecmp — compare files and directories
  tempfile — generate temporary files and directories
  glob — Unix-style pathname pattern extensions
  fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching
  linecache — random reading and writing of text lines
  shutil — high-level file manipulation
  macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions
• data persistence
  pickle - Python object serialization
  copyreg - note pickle support functions
  shelve - Python object persistence
  marshal - internal Python object serialization
  dbm - Unix "database" interface
  sqlite3 - SQLite database DB-API 2.0 interface module
• data compression and archiving
  zlib — gzip-compatible compression
  gzip — support for gzip format
  bz2 — support for bzip2 compression algorithm
  lzma — compress
  zipfile with LZMA algorithm
  tarfile — read and write tar archive files
• File Format
  csv — read and write CSV files
  configparser — config file parser
  netrc — netrc file processing
  xdrlib — encode and decode XDR data
  plistlib — generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files
• Cryptographic services
  hashlib — secure hashing and message digests
  hmac — key-based message authentication
  secrets — generate secure random numbers for managing passwords
• General operating system service
  os — operating system interface module
  io — core tool for processing streams
  time — time access and conversion
  argparse — command line options, arguments and subcommand parser
  getopt — C-style command line option parser
  module logging — Python’s logging tool
  logging.config — logging configuration
  logging.handlers — log handling
  getpass — portable password input tool
  curses — handling of terminal character cell displays
  curses.textpad — text input control for curses programs
  curses.ascii — for ASCII characters tool for
  curses.panel — the panel stack extension of curses
  platform — to obtain the identification data of the underlying platform
  errno — the standard errno system symbol
  ctypes — the foreign function library for Python
• Concurrent execution
  threading — thread-based parallel
  multiprocessing — process-based parallel
  concurrent package
  concurrent.futures — start parallel tasks
  subprocess — subprocess management
  sched — event scheduler
  queue — a synchronous queue class
  _thread — underlying multithreading API
  _dummy_thread — _thread Replacement module
  dummy_threading — drop-in replacement for the threading module.
  contextvars context variables
• Context variables
  Manual context management
  asyncio support
  Network and interprocess communication
  asyncio — asynchronous I/O
  socket — underlying network interface
  ssl — TLS/SSL encapsulation of socket objects
  select — Waiting for I/O completion
  selectors — advanced I/O multiplexing library
  asyncore — asynchronous socket handler
  asynchat — asynchronous socket command/response handler
  signal — set asynchronous event handler
  mmap — memory mapped file support
• Internet data processing
  email — email and MIME processing packages
  json — JSON encoding and decoding
  mailcap — Mailcap file processing
  mailbox — manipulating mailboxes in multiple formats
  mimetypes — mapping folders to MIME types
  base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 data encoding
  binhex — encode and decode binhex4 files
  binascii — convert between binary and ASCII
  quopri — encode and decode MIME-transcoded printable data
  uu — encode and decode uuencode files
• Structured markup processing tools
  html — hypertext markup language support
  html.parser — simple HTML and XHTML parser
  html.entities — definitions of HTML general entities
• XML processing module
  xml.etree.ElementTree — ElementTree XML API
  xml.dom — Document Object Model API
  xml.dom.minidom — minimal DOM implementation
  xml.dom.pulldom — support for building partial DOM trees
  xml.sax — support for SAX2 parsers
  xml.sax.handler — base class for SAX handlers
  xml.sax.saxutils — SAX toolset
  xml.sax.xmlreader — interface for XML parsers
  xml.parsers.expat — fast XML parsing using Expat
• internet protocol and support
  webbrowser — convenient web browser controller
  cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
  cgitb — traceback manager for CGI scripts
  wsgiref — implementation of WSGI tools and references
  urllib — URL handling module
  urllib.request — for opening URLs Extensible library
  for urllib.response — Response class used by urllib
  urllib.parse for parsing URLs
  urllib.error — exception class raised by urllib.request
  urllib.robotparser — robots.txt parser
  http — HTTP module
  http.client — HTTP Protocol client
  ftplib — FTP protocol client
  poplib — POP3 protocol client imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client nntplib — NNTP
  protocol client smtplib — SMTP protocol client smtpd — SMTP server telnetlib — Telnet client uuid — UUID object defined by RFC 4122 socketserver — framework for web servers http.server — HTTP server
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  http.cookies — HTTP state management
  http.cookiejar — HTTP client cookie handling
  xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client modules
  xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access
  xmlrpc.server — basic XML-RPC server
  ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 operation library
• Multimedia service
  audioop — process original audio data
  aifc — read and write AIFF and AIFC files
  sunau — read and write Sun AU files
  wave — read and write WAV format files
  chunk — read IFF block data
  colorsys — convert between color systems
  imghdr — guess image type
  sndhdr — guess the type of sound file
  ossaudiodev — access OSS compatible audio devices
• Internationalization
  gettext — multilingual internationalization service
  locale — internationalization service
• Program framework
  turtle — turtle drawing
  cmd — line-oriented command interpreter supported
  shlex — simple word meaning analysis
  Tk GUI
  tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk
  tkinter.ttk — Tk theme widget
  tkinter.tix — TK Extension package
  tkinter.scrolledtext — scrolling text control
  IDLE
  other GUI packages
• Development tools
  typing — type annotation support
  pydoc — document generator and online help system
  doctest — Python example for testing interactivity
  unittest — unit test framework
  unittest.mock — mock object library
  unittest.mock Getting Started Guide
  2to3 — automatically convert Python 2 code to Python 3 code
  test — Python regression testing package
  test.support — Utilities for the Python test suite
  test.support.script_helper — Utilities for the Python execution tests
• Debugging and Analysis
  bdb — Debugger framework
  faulthandler — Dumps Python trace information
  pdb — Debugger for Python
• Python profiler
  timeit — measure execution time of small code snippets
  trace — trace Python statement execution
  tracemalloc — trace memory allocation
• Software packaging and distribution
  distutils — building and installing Python modules
  ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installer
  venv — creating virtual environments
  zipapp — managing executable Python zip packages
• Python runtime service
  sys — system-related parameters and functions
  sysconfig — Provide access to Python's configuration information
  builtins — built-in objects
  __main__— top-level scripting environment
  warnings — control of warning information
  dataclasses — data class contextlib — tool abc
  provided for the context of the with statement
  — abstract base class
  atexit — exit handler
  traceback — print or retrieve stack traceback
  __future__ — Future statement definition
  gc — garbage collector interface
  inspect — inspection object
  site — site-specific configuration hook
  custom Python interpreter
  code — interpreter base class
  codeop — Compile Python code
• import module
  zipimport — import module from Zip archive
  pkgutil — package extension module tool
  modulefinder — find modules used by scripts
  runpy — find and execute Python modules
  importlib — implementation of import
• Python language service
  parser — access to Python parse tree
  ast — abstract syntax tree
  symtable — access to compiler’s symbol table
  symbol — constant token used with Python parse tree — constant keyword
  used with Python parse tree — check Python keyword tokenize – tag parser tabnanny for Python code — fuzzy indentation detection pyclbr — Python module browser support py_compile — compile Python source files compileall — Byte-compile Python libraries dis — Python bytecode disassembler pickletools — pickle developer tools set
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
• Miscellaneous services
  formatter - general format output
  Windows system related modules
  msilib - Read and write Microsoft Installer files
  msvcrt - useful routines from MS VC++ runtime
  winreg - Windows registry access
  winsound - sound playback interface for Windows systems
• Unix-specific services
  posix — the most common POSIX system call
  pwd — user password database
  spwd — shadow password library
  grp — group database
  crypt — function for checking Unix passwords
  termios — POSIX-style tty control
  tty — terminal control function
  pty — pseudo Terminal tool
  fcntl - system calls fcntl and ioctl
  pipes - terminal pipe interface
  resource - resource usage information
  nis - Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) interface
  Unix syslog library routines
• The superseded module
  optparse — the parser's command-line option
  imp — is accessed internally by code import.
• Undocumented modules
• platform specific modules