Introduction to Web3

The centralized network has helped billions of people integrate into the Internet and created a stable and reliable infrastructure on it. At the same time, a few centralized giants have almost monopolized the Internet and can even do whatever they want.

Web3 is an effective solution to get rid of the dilemma of Internet giants forming a monopoly caused by centralization.

Different from the traditional Internet monopolized by technology giants, Web3 adopts decentralization, and the entire network and the content on the network are built, operated and owned by all users.

Web3 empowers individuals, not companies.

Before we talk about Web3, let's take a look at how our internet got here.

early web

Most people think of the internet as an ongoing pillar of modern life—it's been around since it was invented.

However, the Internet as most of us know it today is very different from what was first imagined.

For ease of understanding, the brief past of Internet history can be divided into two periods—Web 1.0 and Web 2.0.

Web 1.0: Read Only (1990-2004)

In 1989, at CERN in Geneva, Tim Berners-Lee was busy developing the protocols that would become the World Wide Web.

What is his idea? Create an open, decentralized protocol to share information anywhere on the planet.

The first prototype of the World Wide Web created by Berners-Lee, now known as "Web 1.0," took shape sometime between 1990 and 2004.

Web 1.0 consisted mostly of static websites owned by companies that users could read, with little to no interaction between users and companies, users and users—individuals rarely created content, leading to it being called the read-only web.

What is web3?_BTC

Web 2.0: Can read and write (2004 - present)

The Web 2.0 era began in 2004 with the advent of social media platforms. The web was no longer read-only, it evolved into a read-write web. In addition to providing content to users, Internet companies have also begun to provide platforms to share content produced by users and participate in the interaction between users.

As more and more people go online, a handful of Internet giants are beginning to control vast amounts of traffic and value on the web.

Web 2.0 also gave rise to an advertising-driven monetization model.

While users can create content, they don't own it or monetize it.

What is web3?_BTC_02

Web 3.0: Can read - write - own

2014 年以太坊推出后不久,以太坊联合创始人 Gavin Wood 就提出了“Web 3.0”的前提。

Gavin 为许多早期加密技术采用者所面临的问题,即互联网需要过多的信任,提供了一种解决方案。 也就是说,今天人们所知道和使用的大部分网络服务都依赖于对少数私人公司的信任,期待他们能以公众的最佳利益行事。

What is web3?_ethereum_03

什么是 Web3?

Web3 已成为一个包罗万象的术语,代表了一个新的、更好的互联网愿景。

Web3 的核心是通过区块链、加密货币和非同质化代币将权力以所有权的形式归还用户。

​Twitter 上 2020 年的一篇帖子​​一语中的:Web1 是只读的,Web2 能读/能写,未来的 Web3 能读/能写/能拥有。

这里可以举例说明一下:

有一个动物园。

web1 呢,所有的用户都是观众,只能去动物园看动物;

web2呢,用户除了可以看动物,还可以把动物赠送给动物园养着,让更多的观众看;

web3呢,这个动物园本身是观众集资修建的,里面的动物也都属于各自的观众,观众拥有所有权;

Web3 的核心思想

尽管很难对 Web3 做出严格的定义,但它是在几项核心原则的指引下创建的。

  • Web3 是去中心化的:大部分web3互联网不是由中心化实体控制和拥有的,而是由构建者和用户分配所有权。
  • Web3 无需许可:每个人都有参与 Web3 的平等权限,没有人被排除在外。
  • Web3 具有原生支付功能:它使用加密货币进行线上消费和汇款,而不是依赖传统银行或第三方支付机构过时的基础设施。
  • Web3 无需信任:它通过激励措施和经济机制运转,而不是依赖受信任的第三方。

为什么 Web3 很重要?

尽管 Web3 的卓越特性不是孤立的,无法简单归类,但为简便起见,我们还是尝试将它们分开以便更易于理解。

所有权

Web3 以前所未有的方式赋予您数字资产的所有权。

例如,假设您正在玩一个 Web2 游戏。 如果您购买游戏内物品,它会直接与您的帐户绑定。 如果游戏创建者删除您的帐户,您将丢失这些物品。 或者如果您停止玩游戏,您将失去投资到游戏内物品的价值。

Web3 允许通过​​非同质化代币 (NFT)​​ 直接拥有所有权。

任何人甚至是游戏创作者,都没有权力剥夺您的所有权。 而且,如果您停止玩这个游戏,您可以在公开市场上出售或交易您的游戏内物品并收回它们的价值。

抗审查

平台和内容创作者之间的权力关系严重失衡。

OnlyFans 是一个由用户生产内容的成人网站,拥有 100 多万内容创作者,其中许多人将该平台作为他们的主要收入来源。 2021 年 8 月,OnlyFans 宣布了禁止色情内容的计划。 这个公告在平台创作者中引发了愤怒,他们感觉自己在帮助创建了平台后被剥夺了收入。 在遭遇强烈反对之后,这个决定很快被推翻。 尽管创作者赢得了这场战斗,但它突显了 Web 2.0 创作者的一个困境:如果离开一个平台,就会失去在平台积攒的声誉和关注。

在 Web3,您的数据位于区块链上。 当您决定离开一个平台时,您可以将您的声誉带走,将其带进另一个更符合您的价值观的平台。

Web 2.0 需要内容创作者信任平台不会更改规则,但抗审查则是 Web3 平台的原生特性。

去中心化自治组织 (DAO)

在 Web3 中,除了拥有你的数据之外,通过使用类似于公司股票的代币,你还可以作为集体中的一员拥有这个平台。 去中心化自治组织让你可以协调平台的分散化所有权,以及对平台的未来做出决策。

去中心化自治组织在技术上被定义为事先商定的智能合约,可以自动决定资源池(代币)的去中心化决策。 拥有代币的用户对资源的使用方式进行投票,代码自动执行投票结果。

然而,许多 Web3 社区都被定义为去中心化自治组织。 这些社区都通过代码实现了不同程度的去中心化和自动化。 目前,我们仍在探索去中心化自治组织是什么以及它们在未来会如何发展。

身份

通常,你需要为使用的每个平台创建一个帐户。 例如,你可能有 Twitter 帐户、YouTube 帐户和 Reddit 帐户。 想要更改你的显示名称或个人资料图片,你必须在每个帐户中执行此操作。 在某些情况下,你可以使用社交媒体帐户登录,但这会带来一个常见的问题—审查。 只需点一下,这些平台就可以封锁你的整个线上生活。 更糟糕的是,许多平台要求你给他们提供你的个人识别信息才能创建帐户。

Web3 允许你使用以太坊地址和以太坊域名服务配置文件控制你的数字身份,从而解决了这些问题。 使用以太坊地址可以提供跨平台单点登录,这种登录安全、抗审查并且匿名。

原生支付功能

Web2 的支付基础设施依赖于银行和第三方支付机构,这就把没有银行账户或碰巧生活在某些“不好”国家/地区的人排除在外。 Web3 使用诸如​​以太币​​之类的代币直接在浏览器中汇款,不需要受信任的第三方。

Web3 的局限性

尽管现有形式的 Web3 有许多优点,但这一生态系统仍须克服许多限制才能繁荣发展。

可访问性

如今,人人都可以使用重要的 Web3 功能,例如使用以太坊登录,而且不会有任何费用。 但是,相对较高的交易成本仍然让许多人望而却步。 由于高昂的交易费用,Web3 不大可能在不太富裕的发展中国家使用。 在以太坊,这些难题正在通过​​网络升级​​和 ​​2 层扩容解决方案​​得到解决。 技术现成可用,但我们需要提高技术在 2 层网络的采用程度,才能让每个人都能使用 Web3。

用户体验

Currently, the technical barriers to using Web3 are too high. Users must understand security issues, navigate complex technical documentation and navigate obscure user interfaces. ​​Wallet providers are working hard to focus on solving this problem, but there is still a long way to go before mass adoption of Web3.

educate

Web3 introduces new paradigms that require learning different mental models than those used on Web2.0. With the rise of Web 1.0 in the late 90's, similar educational activities emerged. Proponents of the World Wide Web use a range of educational techniques to educate the public, ranging from simple metaphors (information superhighway, browser, web surfing) to television broadcasts and more.

Web3 is not difficult but it is different from web2.

Educational programs that educate Web2 users about these Web3 paradigms are critical to their success.

Ethereum.org promotes Web3 education through our Translation Initiative , which aims to translate important Ethereum content into as many languages ​​as possible.

Centralized infrastructure

The Web3 ecosystem is young and growing rapidly. As such, it currently relies heavily on centralized infrastructure (GitHub, Twitter, Discord, etc.).

Many Web3 companies are scrambling to fill these gaps, but building high-quality, reliable infrastructure will take time.

decentralized future

Web3 is a young and growing ecosystem. Gavin Wood coined the term in 2014, but many of these ideas didn't become reality until recently. In the last year alone, we’ve seen a surge in interest in cryptocurrencies, improvements in Layer 2 scaling solutions, massive experimentation with new forms of governance, and a revolution in digital identity.

We're just starting to create a better Internet with Web3, but as we continue to improve its infrastructure, the future of the Internet looks bright.