foreword
Recently, many students have asked what is the difference between Playwright and Selenium?
Some students may have learned selenium before, and it feels redundant to learn another playwright. Maybe some projects have been written in selenium before. Switching to playwright will take time and cost, and there may be unknown risks.
There are also students who may not have learned selenium before, and are now preparing to start a web automation framework, but are hesitant to choose selenium and playwright, because there are many interview questions about selenium, and they may not be used at work after learning, just for interviews.
Regardless of the reason, this article analyzes the differences between the two in detail
Difference between Playwright and Selenium
| serial number | Function | Playwright | Selenium | which is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learning materials | relatively few | many | Selenium |
| 2 | Client | Appeared relatively late, the number of users is relatively small | Appeared early, with a large number of users | Selenium |
| 3 | language support | TypeScript、JavaScript、Python、.NET、Java | C#, Java, Perl, PHP, Python and Ruby | Selenium |
| 4 | Support browser | Chromium (including chrome, msedge), WebKit and Firefox | Internet Explorer (7, 8, 9, 10, 11), Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome, Opera, Edge, etc. | Selenium |
| 5 | Cross-platform | Windows, Linux (only some Ubuntu systems are supported), Mac | Windows, Linux, Mac are all supported | Selenium |
| 6 | browser installation | command line installation | install yourself | Playwright |
| 7 | browser driver | no driver required | Download the corresponding version driver | Playwright |
| 8 | startup speed | quick | slow | Playwright |
| 9 | context environment isolation | have | none | Playwright |
| 10 | headless headless mode | The default is headless, you can also set the GUI | Default GUI mode, you can also set headless | Playwright |
| 11 | incognito mode | The default incognito mode is very helpful for corresponding tests. For crawler users, access to the page may not pass | The default is non-incognito, crawler users especially like it | Selenium |
| 12 | page waiting | wait_for_load_state can accurately wait for the four states of commit, domcontentloaded, load, and networkidle | implicitly_wait waits for the page to load | Playwright |
| 13 | element positioning | Provide multiple built-in locators, the positioning method is closer to the business, and there are more positioning methods | Eight positioning | Playwright |
| 14 | element wait | Positioning elements have their own waiting mechanism | You need to encapsulate the waiting method yourself | Playwright |
| 15 | Click on elements etc. | Will judge the status of the element, where it appears, and whether it can be clicked for intelligent judgment | It is difficult to encapsulate the webdriverwait.until method by yourself | Playwright |
| 16 | positioning error | It will humanize and tell you how many elements to locate, and recommend the positioning method | To report an error, you need to guess the riddle by yourself and rule out all possibilities by yourself | Playwright |
| 17 | Element is not on the current screen | It will judge the position of the element and automatically scroll the position where the element appears | You need to judge by yourself | Playwright |
| 18 | iframe | Operate through objects without switching | need to switch back and forth | Playwright |
| 19 | alert | The default monitoring is automatically closed, and it can be monitored asynchronously | You need to judge by yourself, no asynchronous monitoring | Playwright |
| 20 | File Upload | Monitor file upload time, handle gracefully | Unable to resolve non-input uploads | Playwright |
| 21 | Download Document | Can monitor downloads | Can only set browser default location | Playwright |
| 22 | Multi-window tab | Can monitor window events, easy to operate | need to switch back and forth | Playwright |
| 23 | event listener | Various events can be monitored | unable to monitor | Playwright |
| 24 | capture ajax request | Can capture ajax request and return | unable to capture | Playwright |
| 25 | mock function | Can simulate any interface data you want | No mock function | Playwright |
| 26 | Affirmation | Provide expect rich assertion | It is difficult to encapsulate the webdriverwait.until method by yourself | Playwright |
| 27 | record video | Record a use case video | none | Playwright |
| 28 | trace trace | have | none | Playwright |
| 29 | breakpoint debugging | have | none | Playwright |
| 30 | to record | Can generate pytest use cases | The recording function is relatively simple | Playwright |
| 31 | Mouse and keyboard operation | Easy to call | Importing modules is complicated | Playwright |
| 32 | base_url | Global base_url can be added | no such function | Playwright |
| 33 | interface test | Provide interface testing | no such function | Playwright |
| 34 | grid distributed | none | selenium-grid distributed | Selenium |
| 35 | protocol | Websockt protocol, which can get page status in real time | The http protocol can only get the status at that time, you need to poll and judge by yourself | Playwright |
| 36 | execute javascript | JavaScript can be executed on page, iframe, and element objects | JavaScript can only be executed on the driver object | Playwright |
| 37 | interview | Requires less playwright | Ask selenium more | Selenium |
| 38 | Learning Difficulty | 容易，无需封装，直接用 | 难度较大，需要封装 | Playwright |
总体打分Selenium 8分， Playwright 30 分，如果你是新手，毫不犹豫应该直接学playwright
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