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The seventh census data was officially released yesterday (May 11) at a press conference held by the State Council Information Office at 11 am.
From March to April until now, the long-awaited call came out, and we all waited anxiously.
I also watched the live broadcast yesterday. For those who are not very clear about the data released by the census and this press conference, as well as the meaning behind these data, you can almost understand it after reading this article.
what is the census
The population census is a comprehensive investigation and registration of the existing population in the country generally and household by household according to law.
Timeline combing
The census is carried out every 10 years, usually the year ending with 0 is the census year. From 1949 to the present, China has conducted it in 1953, 1964, 1982, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Seven national censuses
At 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the seventh population census was launched.
At 10 am on May 11, 2021, the State Council Information Office will hold a press conference to introduce the main data results of the seventh national census.
Contents of the census
Including: gender, age, ethnicity, education level, industry, occupation, migration, social security, marriage and birth, death, housing status, etc.
What new technologies were used in the seventh census
- Carry out census registration electronically;
- Respondents of the census can fill in the report independently through the Internet;
- Extensive application of departmental administrative records.
In general, it is to promote the application of big data in the census and improve the ability of census data collection and processing.
why census
The census is an important means to find out the status of the population in our country, and to grasp the population, structure, distribution, etc. Through these data and information, the country will further study and formulate population policies to provide a basis for economic and social development planning.
Which data to focus on
The seven-person census released nine major data on the total population, household population, population distribution by region, gender composition, age composition, population with education level, urban and rural population, floating population, and ethnic population.
1. Total population
The total population of seven people is 1,411.78 million, or about 1.41 billion people. Compared with the sixth census in 2010 (approximately 1.34 billion), 72.06 million people have been added in 10 years, an increase of 5.38%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.53% , which is 0.04 percentage points lower than the average annual growth rate of 0.57% from 2000 to 2010. Data show that my country's population has continued to maintain a low-speed growth trend in the past 10 years.
The total population of our country is still increasing, but the growth rate is slowing down.
In the past 20 years (2000~2019), it has been available on the website of the General Population Statistics Bureau at the end of the year, and I took it out to calculate the growth rate. It can be seen that the population growth rate has continued to decline, which is the same as the trend of the census. In 2018, the growth rate was 0.33%, and the peak was 0.59% in 2016. This year, the comprehensive two-child policy was released, which brought a wave of benefits to the population.
In fact, what everyone is most concerned about is the birth population. The specific number has not been clearly announced, but I watched the live broadcast of the press conference. When the reporter asked the last question, the spokesperson said that the birth population in 2020 will be around 12 million, and the total fertility rate will be 1.3. .
The birth population is 12 million, which is quite in line with expectations. When the Ministry of Public Security announced 11.79 million newborns in 2019, the Bureau of Statistics announced that the birth population was 14.65 million. In February this year, the Ministry of Public Security announced that 10.035 million newborns were registered. Forget it, it's almost 12 million or so.
12 million is also the lowest newborn population in the past 20 years, which is 18% lower than that in 2019. The detailed birth population data will have to wait for the National Bureau of Statistics to announce the proportion of the number of one child and two children.
In addition, the total fertility rate is around 1.3.
Total Fertility Rate:
Refers to the average number of children per woman during the childbearing age of a country or region.
In many developing countries, the total fertility rate exceeds 5, and in many developed countries, it is below 2.
It is generally believed that if the total fertility rate is lower than 1.5, it will fall below the warning line. Because once the fertility rate falls below 1.5, it will fall into the low fertility trap. If fertility is not vigorously encouraged, it will be difficult for the fertility rate to rise back above 1.5 (refer to Korea and Japan).
2. Household population
There are 494.16 million family households nationwide, with a population of 1,292.81 million; 28.53 million collective households, with a population of 118.97 million. The average population per household is 2.62, a decrease of 0.48 from 3.10 in 2010. The size of family households continues to shrink, mainly due to factors such as the increasingly frequent population flow in my country and the improvement of housing conditions for young people to live independently after marriage.
PS: A family household refers to a household that is mainly composed of family members and people who live together in one place. It is not the same concept as the head of the household in the household registration book; a single person living alone is also regarded as a family household; a collective household is a mutual household. There is no family member relationship between them, and the population living together as a collective household
Here, the average population of each family household is worthy of attention. We have been talking about a family of 3, which is the data. The average population of each family household is 2.62, that is, the population of a family is less than 3 people. The size of family households is shrinking, which can be understood from two aspects:
- The traditional family of three has been broken, and the fertility level is declining. More and more young people choose not to marry and dink.
- Population mobility is becoming more frequent and housing conditions are improving. Young people live independently after marriage. For example, if a father goes to work in Shenzhen and there are only mother and son left in the family, then the family household size is 2; if the son gets married and buys a house in Shenzhen, then his The family household size is 2, and his parents' family household is also 2.
These two situations should exist. In fact, it is not a new figure that our family population is lower than 3. In 2013, the average household population was 2.98, which was lower than 3 in 16, 17, and 18 years. In 2019, thanks to the impact of the two-child policy, this number was higher than 3, and then began to fall below 3 in 2019.
3. Regional distribution of population
The eastern region accounts for 39.93% of the population, the central region accounts for 25.83%, the western region accounts for 27.12%, and the northeastern region accounts for 6.98%. Compared with 2010, the population proportion of the eastern region increased by 2.15 percentage points, that of the central region decreased by 0.79 percentage points, that of the western region increased by 0.22 percentage points, and that of the northeast region decreased by 1.20 percentage points. The population is further concentrated in economically developed areas and urban agglomerations.
There is nothing to say about this, and everyone can feel that the population is flowing to big cities, especially to urban areas along the river, coast and inland.
It is worth mentioning that there are two provinces with a population of more than 100 million, Shandong and Guangdong; three provinces with a population of less than 10 million, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Tibet.
Compared with Liurenpu, the five provinces with higher population growth are: Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Henan.
4. Gender composition
The male population was 723.34 million, accounting for 51.24%; the female population was 688.44 million, accounting for 48.76%. The sex ratio of the total population (female as 100, the ratio of men to women) was 105.07 , basically the same as in 2010, with a slight decrease. The sex ratio at birth was 111.3, a drop of 6.8 from 2010. The gender structure of my country's population continues to improve.
The sex ratio of the total population is 105.07, still more men than women, and about 34.9 million more men will be single.
What is interesting about the sex ratio of the population in each region is that Guangdong has the highest sex ratio, reaching 113 (female 100, male 113), while the sex ratio of the three eastern provinces is the lowest, Liaoning and Jilin even have more women than men.
5. Age composition
The population aged 0-14 was 253.38 million, accounting for 17.95%; the population aged 15-59 was 894.38 million, accounting for 63.35%; the population aged 60 and above was 264.02 million, accounting for 18.70% (of which the population aged 65 and above was 190.64 million people, accounting for 13.50% ). Compared with 2010, the proportions of the population aged 0-14, 15-59, and 60 and over increased by 1.35 percentage points, decreased by 6.79 percentage points, and increased by 5.44 percentage points respectively. The proportion of the population of children in my country has rebounded, and the adjustment of the birth policy has achieved positive results. At the same time, the degree of population aging is further deepening, and it will continue to face the pressure of long-term balanced population development for a period of time in the future.
65 years old and above accounted for 13.5%, increasing year by year, aging society is significant.
- Aging: The
international general view is that when a country or region’s population aged over 60 accounts for 10% of the total population, or the population aged over 65 accounts for 7% of the total population, it means that the population of this country or region is in the aging society.
From the data point of view, in 2001, my country has already entered the aging country. Aging can be viewed from two aspects. One is the good aspect, which shows that people's living standards have improved and life expectancy has been extended, which is a sign of prosperity for the people and a strong country. On the downside, we're clearly getting old before we get rich.
Changes in the age structure of China's population indicate that the fertility rate continues to remain low and the aging process is gradually accelerating. Looking
at the age composition of the population by region, except for Tibet, the proportion of the elderly population aged 65 and above exceeds 7%. That is, except for Tibet, They are all aging provinces. Among them, 12 provinces have an elderly population aged 65 and over exceeding 14%, which is a serious aging population.
With the decline in the birth population, we are more concerned about whether the demographic dividend will disappear. The press conference said: labor resources are still abundant, the demographic dividend will continue to exist, the quality of the population will continue to improve, and the new advantages of the talent dividend will gradually emerge.
6. Education level
The population with university education (college and above) is 218.36 million. Compared with 2010, the number of people with a university education per 100,000 people increased from 8,930 to 15,467, the average years of education of the population aged 15 and above increased from 9.08 to 9.91 years, and the illiteracy rate dropped from 4.08% to 2.67 %. The continuous improvement of the education situation reflects that in the past 10 years, my country has vigorously developed higher education and eliminated illiteracy among young and middle-aged people, and has achieved positive results, and the quality of the population has continued to improve.
This is really good data.
7. Urban and rural population
The population living in cities and towns was 901.99 million, accounting for 63.89%; the population living in rural areas was 509.79 million, accounting for 36.11%. Compared with 2010, the urban population increased by 236.42 million, the rural population decreased by 164.36 million, and the proportion of urban population increased by 14.21 percentage points. With the in-depth development of my country's new industrialization, informatization and agricultural modernization and the implementation of the policy of urbanization of agricultural transfer population, my country's new urbanization process has been steadily advancing in the past 10 years, and urbanization has made historic achievements.
8. Floating population
The population separated from households was 492.76 million, of which 116.94 million were separated from households within the municipal area, and the floating population was 375.82 million, of which 124.84 million were floating across provinces. Compared with 2010, the population separated from households increased by 88.52%, the population separated from households within the municipal area increased by 192.66%, and the floating population increased by 69.73%. The continuous economic and social development of our country has created conditions for population migration and flow. The trend of population flow has become more obvious, and the scale of floating population has further expanded.
PS: The population with separate households refers to the population whose residence is different from the township or street where the household registration is located and who has been away from the household registration for more than half a year
9. Ethnic population
The population of Han nationality is 1,286.31 million, accounting for 91.11%; the population of various ethnic minorities is 125.47 million, accounting for 8.89%. Compared with 2010, the population of the Han nationality increased by 4.93%, the population of various ethnic minorities increased by 10.26%, and the proportion of the population of ethnic minorities increased by 0.40 percentage points . The steady growth of ethnic population fully reflects the overall development and progress of all ethnic groups in my country under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
The proportion of the minority population here has increased by 0.4 percentage points, and the proportion of the Han population can also be calculated, which has decreased by 0.4 percentage points (when there are six people, the Han population accounts for 91.51%)