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In the previous article, there are not many people with a monthly income of over 10,000 in China . Some friends left a message, hoping to calculate the proportion of employees who retire in private companies.
Let's talk about it today
Because the time for private enterprises to develop and grow in my country is short, the lifespan of the enterprises themselves is short, and the turnover of personnel is also high, so to answer this question systematically, it is necessary to consult a lot of background data.
Concept Interpretation
This question has 2 keywords: private enterprise and retirement
Let's see one by one
private enterprise
A private enterprise refers to a profit-making economic organization invested and established by a natural person or controlled by a natural person, and based on hired labor. The popular point is that the means of production are privately owned.
retire
It means that according to the relevant regulations of the state, the laborer quits the job due to old age, disability due to work or illness, and complete loss of working ability (or partial loss of working ability).
statutory retirement age
Regardless of whether it is a private enterprise or a state-owned enterprise, the statutory retirement age in my country is: 60 years old for men; 55 years old for female cadres, and 50 years old for workers. However, there will be slight differences in different regions and types of work.
History of enterprise development
If a person works from the age of 30 to retirement at the age of 60, he needs to work in a private company for 30 years. If a private company does not have a development history of 30 years in China, how can it be retired?
Therefore, if we want to discuss how many people in private enterprises can work until retirement, we must first understand how many years private enterprises have developed in our country?
Q: When did private companies start to exist in my country?
In fact, it has always existed, it's just whether it has been recognized and developed.
It can be said that the history of my country's reform and opening up is a history of the development of the private economy. As we all know, before the reform and opening up, my country was a closed economy. In 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held, and the legitimacy of private companies was recognized at this time. established.
In 1981, the policy of "planned economy as the mainstay, supplemented by market regulation" was proposed, and it was iterated to "socialist commodity economy combining planning and market" in 1987. The strength of the private economy continued to grow. was completely let go.
In 1988, for the first time in history, the number of workers employed by private enterprises surpassed that of state-owned enterprises.
If you are interested in the history of the development of private enterprises, you can read the book "Thirty Years of Stirring" by Wu Xiaobo, which describes the unforgettable history in more detail. Many things that we think are normal now were really bought by overcoming obstacles at the time.
For example, at the beginning of this book:
The change of the situation makes people feel like a lifetime ago. Before 1983, speculative speculation was a very serious crime. If you rode a bicycle from one village to another, if you put more than 3 chickens and ducks in the frame of the back seat, it was considered speculative. They will be arrested and criticized, and in serious cases, they will be imprisoned.
receive~
To sum up, the legitimacy of private enterprises was recognized in the early stage of reform and opening up, but their real development and growth took place after the 1980s. Therefore, the development time of our country's enterprises is still quite short.
average life expectancy
We just learned that private companies have been truly recognized since the reform and opening up. So far, for 43 years, can that company really survive for 43 years?
world level
According to the analysis of Fortune magazine, the life span of most enterprises is very short:
About 62% of companies in the United States have an average life expectancy of no more than 5 years, while the average life expectancy of small and medium-sized enterprises generally does not exceed 7 years, and that of large enterprises is less than 40 years. From 40 to 42 years, only 2% of enterprises can survive for 50 years.
The average life expectancy of Japanese companies is 12.5 years, and the average life expectancy of large companies can be as long as 58 years
Our situation
The average life expectancy of Chinese enterprises is 7 to 8 years, and that of small and medium-sized enterprises is about 3 years.
Reference: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-06/25/5402948/files/f59aaafc00da4c848a322ac89fdec1e5.pdf
It can be seen that the average life expectancy of enterprises is not that long.
Proportion of private enterprises
On November 27, 2019, the fourth national economic census report released by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that at the end of 2018, there were 15.614 million private enterprises nationwide, an increase of 10.01 million or 178.6% from the end of 2013, accounting for the proportion of all corporate legal entities From 68.3% to 84.1%.
At the end of 2019, 262.582 million people were employed by private enterprises and individuals registered in urban industrial and commercial sectors, and 171.62 million people were employed by non-private units.
Although the development history of private enterprises is short and the average life expectancy is not so long, judging from the proportion of private enterprises and the number of employees, it has solved the employment problem of many people.
Average age of employees
The "China Human Capital Report 2020" shows that from 1985 to 2018, the average age of China's labor force (including students) rose from 32.2 to 38.4 years.
It can be seen from the China Labor Statistical Yearbook that the number of employed persons aged 35-39 is relatively large.
Reference: http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/ImportedImageFile/27110316153762520791.pdf
retirement age
retirement age around the world
China's statutory retirement age has been mentioned earlier, men are 60 years old; female cadres are 55 years old, and workers are 50 years old.
India, which is a developing country like China, has a statutory retirement age of 60. The legal retirement age in neighboring Japan is 65 years old, and it will be further extended. The employed population over 65 years old is still rising. census data, the figure is 13.5%).
According to the statistics of the World Health Organization in 2019, the average life expectancy of all countries in the world, Japan is 83.7 years old, and China is 76.1 years old, ranking 53rd. This is the statistics of the WHO. Our own statement is that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, China's average life expectancy increased from 76.3 years to 77.3 years. At the world level, our
retirement age is not the largest, and our life expectancy is obviously It is not as high as in developed countries. These two figures seem to be directly proportional. That is, countries with higher life expectancy will have a corresponding increase in retirement age (such as Japan).
But you can't just look at these two data, but also compare the working hours.
About delaying retirement
The Fifth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to "implement a progressive retirement age". In accordance with the requirements of the national “14th Five-Year Plan” Outline, it is necessary to learn from international practices and experience, and to comprehensively consider factors such as the increase in average life expectancy, the acceleration of population aging, the increase in years of education, and changes in the labor force structure. According to the principles of adjustment, flexible implementation, classified advancement, and overall consideration, gradually delay the statutory retirement age.
Countries around the world will basically use delayed retirement as a means to deal with the problem of population aging.
So to sum up, we are facing such a situation: the development period of private enterprises is not long, the average life expectancy of enterprises is not high, the number of private enterprises is still relatively large, the average age of employees is about 35 years old, retirement is 60 years old, and retirement will be gradually delayed.
back to the question itself
After knowing so much background content, I can finally talk about today's topic: How many people in private companies can work until retirement?
You have to consider:
1. Can the company survive until you retire?
2. Can the company’s benefits and benefits meet your needs all the time, otherwise you will keep changing
jobs? idler.
First of all, from the perspective of the development history of private enterprises in my country, they only started to appear on the stage of history in the 1980s. 40 years ago, if a young man joined a private enterprise at the age of 30, he should have retired today.
The question is whether there are really private companies that can survive for as long as 40 years, so we studied the average life expectancy of companies and found that the average life expectancy of Chinese companies is 7 to 8 years, and small and medium-sized enterprises are even worse, about 3 years. To cite a few chestnuts, the top Internet companies, Tencent was established in 1998, 23 years, Ali was established in 1999, 22 years, Byte was established in 2012, 9 years.
This shows that we can still work in private companies until retirement. There are two methods. One is to target a company that has survived for a long time like Tencent and work until retirement; the other is to keep changing jobs in small and medium-sized enterprises and work until it If it goes bankrupt, go to the next one, and then it goes bankrupt, and so on until retirement.
There will be another bug here. In my 20s, I have the capital to change jobs. If I jump to other companies in my 40s and 50s, will the company really want me?
If a company hires a person, will it not hire him because of his age? There must be such a problem. Discrimination in the workplace is undeniable, but you cannot give up on yourself because of discrimination in the workplace, blame others, and strive to improve your personal capabilities, not for the company, but for yourself.
In fact, the retirement we have been talking about before refers to the statutory retirement age, that is, you can work in the enterprise until you are 60 years old. When you reach the statutory retirement age, you can receive a pension.
That is to say, one enters a private enterprise to work at the age of 30, stops working at the age of 45, and can receive a pension at the age of 60.
There must be people who have reached the statutory retirement age in private companies, whether they are middle-level and high-level employees or ordinary employees, and there are also many people who have not retired from private companies at the legal age.
Therefore, here is a new career planning path for everyone: Divide your career planning into the first 15 years and the next 15 years.
For example, the first 15 years are radical, and the next 15 years are stable; or the first 15 years are testing the water, and the next 15 years are exploring. It all depends on your own ideas.
But no matter what, we still have to develop the habit of lifelong learning to adapt to the rules of this society.
At the same time, I recommend a movie starring Anne Hathaway: Intern, I used to think it was very inspirational, but watching it now, it is clearly about the issue of re-employment after retirement.