The following is based on my interview experience over the past few years of work, plus the information collected before, I sorted out 350+ software test engineer
Frequently asked interview questions. The interview questions frequently asked by major companies such as ByteDance, Ali, Tencent, Baidu, Kuaishou, and Meituan are mentioned in the article.
Although this article is very long, it is definitely worth clicking and collecting .
Students who want to find a job, if you take out this article and review it carefully before each interview, I believe you will be able to find a satisfactory job.
Tip : The interview questions I sorted out are all written according to this brain map, updated from time to time, and there is a table of contents when scrolling down. I will continue to add reference answers later, just click on the title to read. This article is valid for a long time, and I am looking for students who test related work Be sure to collect it well .
1. Opening remarks
Q: Briefly introduce yourself
Q: Project and internship experience? (Note to use the STAR rule to express)
2. Basics of software testing
work content
Q: According to the test content, what are the types of tests?
Q: What is the process of software development (testing)?
Q: What is the bug that impressed you the most?
Q: Talk about your understanding of CI/CD
Q: Talk about your understanding of DevOps
Q: What is BDD? What is TDD?
Q: How do you distinguish between a native Native page and an H5 page on an APP?
Test Methods
Q: What are the methods of black box testing?
Q: What are the methods of white box testing?
Q: What is unit testing?
Q: What is integration testing?
Q: How to write and design test cases?
Q: What is gray box testing?
test document
Q: What elements are included in the test case?
Q: What elements need to be displayed in the test report?
Q: How should the testing schedule be estimated?
Q: Tell me about your experience in constructing data?
automated test
Q: For example, what functions can be automated?
Q: How to judge whether a function can be automated test?
Q: Locate the xpath path
What are the methods?
Q: How to position a dynamic element?
Q: How to locate elements similar to those floating on web pages (similar to advertisements flying around on the web)
Q: List the automated testing tools you know
test tools
Q: Talk about the principle of fiddler's packet capture
Q: How does fiddler grab https requests?
Q: What is the header of the wireshark capture packet?
Performance Testing
Q: How is performance testing done?
Q: What aspects should be paid attention to in performance testing?
game testing
Q: Which game impressed you the most? What aspects attract you the most?
Q: What are the bugs in the most impressive game, and analyze the reasons
Q: How to test a big map game? What test points should there be?
Q: Which is more serious, the unreasonable design of the test program or the perfect test program but the testers make mistakes?
Q: What do you think is the positioning and responsibilities of game testing?
Q: What is the necessity for the game to adopt client and server architecture?
Q: What is the principle of the LOL script?
Q: Why are there not as many RPG game scripts as competitive scripts like LOL?
Q: There is a very low trigger probability but very fatal BUG. The project must be launched tomorrow. How do you deal with it? You don’t have to solve it. Just ask me how to deal with this kind of thing.
Q: Why do you want to do game testing?
Q: Let you make a game, which type do you want to make more (MMORPG? MOBA? FPS? RTS?)
Q: Tell me about the history of games. Besides games, what other hobbies do you have?
Q: List the testing tools for game testing you know
3. Software testing practice
Troubleshooting ideas
Q: What is the reason for the crash of the webpage?
Q: A user reported that uploading avatar failed, analyze the reason?
Q: Why does the app crash?
Q: Check for occasional flashbacks?
Q: What is the reason for the webpage freeze?
Q: 10% of users report that the function cannot be used. How do you troubleshoot it?
Q: The login button cannot be clicked, how to troubleshoot the problem?
Q: During the stress test, QPS has been unable to increase, how would you troubleshoot?
Q: The APP prompts that the network cannot be connected, how would you troubleshoot?
Q: How to judge whether a BUG is a front-end BUG or a back-end BUG?
Practical case
Q: Post dynamics on Weibo, design a test point
Q: Design a test case for a vending machine
Q: Design WeChat red envelope test cases
Q: Design a test case for Douyin live broadcast function
Q: Design a test case for WeChat scan code payment
Q: Design test cases for Baidu homepage
Q: How to test the like function of WeChat?
Q: Does the WeChat red envelope calculate the money that each person can get first or calculate it after the person clicks it.
Q: How to test the comment function of WeChat Moments?
Q: How to test the function of a new friend recommendation function launched on WeChat?
Q: Test the WeChat avatar change function and design test cases
Q: What are the test points for Douyin video security testing?
Q: If you enter Baidu in your mobile browser , you will know that the page cannot be opened, how will you troubleshoot?
Q: Design input box test cases?
Q: Write a test case for the login interface?
Q: Write test cases for an interface
Q: How to test the search function?
4. Language foundation
Java
Q: What is polymorphism?
Q: What is GC?
Q: The difference between set and hashset
Q: The difference between map and hashmap
Q: The time complexity of hashmap search, deletion, and addition
Q: Find all java processes
Q: kill java process
Q: Introduce the copy of java and four kinds of references
Q: What are the java containers? A brief introduction to java's arrays and linked lists
Q: Tell me how much do you know about java collections?
Q: What are the three major features of Java?
Q: What is the difference between List and Map?
Q: Talk about the difference between List, Set, and Map?
Q: What is the difference between rewriting and overloading?
Q: What is the difference between HashMap and HashTable?
Q: What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?
Q: The put method of Map
Q: The encapsulation of java, the scope of the access keyword of java?
Q: Why should java be interface-oriented programming?
Q: What is reflection?
Q: What is the difference between interface and abstract?
Q: Are you familiar with maven? Talk about your understanding of maven
Python
Q: Can global variables and local variables have the same variable name?
Q: What is the difference between is and == in Python?
Q: The creation and death process of Python variables
Q: Python's garbage collection mechanism
Q: The underlying structure of dict, the difference between the underlying structure of tuple and list
Q: What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?
Q: What is a coroutine?
Q: What is a decorator? Give an example where you have used the decorator
Q: What is the difference between @classmethod and @staticmethod, and what usage scenarios are they used in?
Q: What is duck typing?
Q: What are the variable types of python?
Q: What are the common data types in python?
Q: List the differences between python2 and python3
Q: What is a lambda function? how to use?
Q: Other programming languages have ternary operators. How to express ternary operators in python?
Q: What is the difference between try...except...else and try...except...finally?
Q: What is an iterable object? What is the principle of iterable objects?
Q: What is the principle of with...as?
Q: Explain python's GIL lock
Q: Is python single inheritance or multiple inheritance?
Q: What is the order of python inheritance?
Q: What is a metaclass?
Q: Why do you say python is slow?
Shell
Q: Under what scenarios is it suitable to write Shell scripts?
C++
Q: What is the difference between pointers and references?
5. Data structure and algorithm
linked list
Q: For an ordered linked list, how to find the Kth largest node?
Q: How to find out whether the two linked lists have intersecting points
Q: The difference between an array and a linked list
Q: Linked list reverse order
array
Q: How to merge two sorted arrays?
Q: What is the time complexity of finding two numbers whose sum is n in the array?
Q: How to sort the array of int type?
Q: How to de-duplicate an array of int type?
the complexity
Q: What is the time complexity?
Q: How to calculate the time complexity?
to sort
Q: What are the eight major rankings?
Q: The principle of quick sort
Q: The principle of merge sort
Q: The principle of bubble sort
Q: The principle of insertion sort
Q: The principle of selection sort
Tree
Q: Number definition, code implementation
Q: What is the height of the tree? How to ask?
Q: Calculate the number of binary tree nodes
Q: What is the root node? What is a leaf node?
Q: print binary tree
recursion
Q: What is recursion?
Q: What is the time complexity of recursion?
string
Q: Can the string length be changed?
heap and stack
Q: What is the difference between the heap and the stack?
Q: Code implementation stack
dynamic programming
Q: What is dynamic programming?
advanced algorithm
Q: What is depth traversal? What is breadth traversal?
look up
Q: Can realize
What are the necessary conditions for ?
hash
picture
6. Framework
Development Framework
Django
Q: Briefly introduce the directory structure of Django
Q: Do you know what is MVC? Why is Django an MTV model?
Q: The implementation process of a network request in Django
Q：uwsgi
what is it What is the difference between using uwsgi and using Django's native startup method?
Q: Do you know ORM? A brief introduction to Django's ORM mapping
Q: What is the difference between Django's CBV and FBV? Which method would you use in an actual project? Why?
Q: How to synchronize Django modules to the database? Will there be any pitfalls during the synchronization process?
Spring
Q: Introduction to Spring Framework
Q: What are IOCs?
Q: What is DI?
Q: What is AOP?
test framework
Q: How does the selenium framework work?
Q: What are the methods for selenium to locate elements
Appius
Q: Have you used Appium? What is the principle?
Unittest
Pytest
TestNG
Junit
7. Computer Basics
computer network
TCP/UDP
Q: Briefly introduce the TCP three-way handshake (why not two or four)
Q: What are the four breakups?
Q: What is TCP congestion?
Q: How does TCP ensure security? Can UDP be as secure as TCP? How to do it?
Q: Do you know the reliability control strategy and retransmission mechanism of tcp?
Q: Which layer does the TCP protocol belong to?
HTTP/HTTPS
Q: cookie and session mechanism, difference
Q: The process from inputting url to displaying on the web page
Q: List the web page status codes you know
Q: What is the meaning of the network status code starting with 3? What is the difference between 302 and 304?
Q: What is the meaning of the network status code starting with 4?
Q: What is the meaning of the network status code starting with 5?
Q: What is HTTPS? What is the principle?
Q: What is the difference between GET and POST?
Q: What are the network request methods?
Q: Briefly introduce what is RESTful API
Q: What is the difference between PUT and POST
Q: List common request headers
Q: What does an HTTP request message look like? (GET example)
Q: Do you understand the length limit of GET?
other
Q: The difference between the maximum number of connections and QPS
Q: How many layers are there in the network?
Q: The difference between the client requesting pictures and dynamic resources from the server
Q: The front end of the image rendering process
Q: Seven layers of the network
What? Where are tcp, udp, and arp located?
Q: What is the difference between QPS and TPS?
Q: Explain DNS
Q: What is a reverse proxy?
Q: What is a socket?
Q: [Tear by hand] Realize a chat room function with socket?
operating system
process/thread
Q: What is the difference between a process and a thread?
Q: When is the CPU processing process the slowest?
Q: Why does a deadlock occur?
Q: How to communicate between processes?
Q: How to communicate between threads?
Q: How to achieve thread synchronization?
Linux
Q: linux switch directory
Q: Linux command, count the number of times keywords appear in a text
Q: Linux finds all files with the suffix .py in the current directory
Q: Common Linux commands you know: View the process of the specified port
Q: cd - sum cd ~
Q: How to write the command to view a certain process in linux
Q: How to view logs? How to view the last 500 logs?
Q: What is the use of awk? How to use (for example)?
Q: How to check system performance?
Q: How to check the remaining disk space?
Q: How to check the space occupied by the directory?
Q: Do you know the usage of xarg?
Q: How to transfer files between local computer and server?
Q: How to copy files between test servers?
Q: What is the use of sed? How to use (for example)?
Q: How to kill a process?
Q: How to delete all files in a directory recursively?
Q: How to check the memory size?
Q: How to check CPU usage?
Q: How to restart the Linux server?
Q: How to print out the 500-1000 lines of a file?
file storage
Q: The difference between static storage and dynamic storage
Q: Several ways to store videos on the server
Q: What is the use of CDN?
Q: Why should the front-end static resources be uploaded to the CDN?
other
Q: What are the system resources?
Q: What is an IO operation?
Q: What is memory?
Q: What is a hard disk?
Q: What is a CPU?
Q: What operations consume more CPU?
Q: What is UTF-8? What is Unicode?
Q: What is IO multiplexing? And how?
Q: Talk about what is distributed? Why use distributed?
database
Q: What are the non-relational databases?
Q: What are the data structures of Redis?
Q: What is the difference between Redis and Memcached?
Q: What is Redis used for?
Q: How much data can Redis write in one second?
Q: Why is Redis fast?
Q: How to set the expiration time of Redis? Which scenarios are suitable for caching for a longer period of time?
Q: What is cache avalanche?
Q: What is cache breakdown? What is the difference between cache breakdown and cache penetration?
Q: When is it suitable to use MongoDB?
Q: Is Redis suitable for message queue? Why?
Q: The data of Redis is stored in the memory. If the data will be lost after power failure, how to solidify the data of Redis?
Relational Database
Basic Theory of Database
Q: What database optimization methods are there?
Q: What is the difference between a relational database and a non-relational database?
Q: What is the use of database transactions? When should you use transactions and when should you not use them?
Q: What is the use of database index? What is a joint index?
Q: Is it suitable to use a custom ID or an automatic ID for the primary key?
Q: What is a foreign key? Why do big companies sometimes not recommend using foreign keys?
Q: Is it better to set more indexes? What are the pros and cons of indexing?
Q: What is InnoDB based on?
Q: Why does it cause database deadlock? How to deal with it?
Q: What are the characteristics of transactions?
Q: What are the three paradigms of database design?
Q: How many rows are not recommended for a data table?
Q: Why do we need to divide tables and databases?
Q: What are the ways of sub-table sub-database? for example
SQL
Q: [Tear by hand] database, find the name of a student with scores greater than 80 in both homework
Q: [Tear by hand] Combine the tables to query all the information of the person whose job number is "123" in the two tables
Q: [Tear by hand] A personnel table and a department table, the department id is stored in the personnel table, check all the data in each department table of the personnel table
Q: [Tear by hand] Query the repeated city names in a city list, and count the number of repetitions
Q: [Tear by hand] Find a list of students whose average score is greater than 90 in the student report sheet
Q: [Tear by hand] Find the student with the highest average grade in the student report sheet
Q: How does the database copy data?
Q: What are the ways to delete data? Talk about the difference between drop table and truncate table?
8. Puzzles
Q: The problem of jumping stairs
Q: How do the 4-minute hourglass and the 7-minute hourglass leak 9 minutes?
Q: Two incense sticks with different thicknesses have a burn time of 1 hour. How do I use these two sticks of incense to calculate the time of 15 minutes?
Q: Horse racing
Q: 10 piles of apples, 10 apples in each pile, 9 piles of 50g each, 1 pile of 40g each, there is a scale, please weigh it only once, and find out this light pile
Q: Aircraft refueling problem
Q: Logic: four switches and four light bulbs
Q: Arc of the Earth
Nine, programming questions
Q: Find the maximum number of palindrome
Q: There are positive and negative numbers in an array (no 0), please arrange it into an array with positive and negative alternates (put all the extra ones behind), and the time complexity does not exceed O(n);
Q: A programming question, input a string consisting of four characters ABCD randomly and an integer k, and the order of the first k characters in the returned string is repeated several times.
Q: Programming: Determine whether a string conforms to the ipv4 format
Q: Code question, given a sentence, just flip the word and enter
Q: [Hand tearing code] Find the smallest four numbers in the array of characters that appear only once in the string
Q: Code: The smallest integer in a string
Q: Write code, similar to college entrance examination scores, there are a lot of data (unordered) in a table, give you a score, find out the ranking in the table
Q: Programming questions, chickens and rabbits in the same cage, half of the rabbits stretch out half of their feet, enter how many feet there are on the ground, and list all the possibilities (the rabbit is a cardinal number and it is divisible by 2)
Q: Determine whether a string is in dotted decimal ipv4 format
Q: 1 million students enter scores according to grades and corresponding rankings to search for rankings (hashmap)
Q: Python programming question, enter a string and then cut the space to count the number of occurrences of each letter
10. HR Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why do you want to do the test
Q: Understanding of test opening
Q: Are there any problems during the test and how to solve them?
Q: What books have you read recently? What did you learn? Why study? Have you read any technical books?
Q: Personal strengths and weaknesses, for example
Q: What ability does the test focus on?
Q: Detailed digging of project issues
Q: Why choose xx company?
Q: What do you know about our company?
Q: What did you gain from the previous internship?
Q: Tell me about your strengths and weaknesses
Q: How is your ability to resist stress? Describe an experience of how you resisted stress
Q: Question round: Do you have any questions to ask me?
Q: What did you gain from the project?
Q: How do you usually study?
Q: Why did you resign?
Q: What is your expected salary?
Because there are too many, and the space is limited, the full version of "2023 Software Testing Interview Real Questions Collection" has been sorted out, and Abba Abba gets it
Hope the above can help you.