Finishing | Wang Qilong
Through "today in history", we can see the future from the past, and we can also change the future from the present.
Connecting computer networks to each other is called "Internet interconnection", and the "Internet interconnection" that connects the whole world on its basis is called the Internet. Today is September 2, 2022, the 52nd year since the birth of the Internet. The development of the Internet is actually a process of integration and development of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy. In the past half century, the Internet has gone through four stages: the digitization of the traditional advertising industry, the digitization of the content industry, the digitization of the life service industry, and the digitization of everything. Today, it is the golden age of artificial intelligence.
Our lives have been radically changed by the Internet. Some people say that the Internet has helped promote biological evolution because making tools is a symbol of human evolution. So, what other key events happened on September 2 in the history of technology?
September 2, 1936: Former Intel CEO Andrew Grove is born
Andrew 'Andy' Stephen Grove was born on September 2, 1936 and died on March 21, 2016 at the age of 79. He was a Hungarian-born Jewish-American businessman, engineer, author, and scientific pioneer in the semiconductor industry. Andy was a former Intel (Intel) CEO, a pioneer in turning Intel into a giant.
Andy was Intel's first employee to join by recruiting, and under his leadership, Intel introduced the 386 and Pentium processors. During Andy's tenure as CEO, Intel's stock value increased by 2,400%, making it one of the most valuable companies in the world.
"Success breeds complacency. Complacency breeds failure. Only the paranoid survives."
"Success breeds complacency. Complacency breeds failure. Only the paranoid survive."
Andy Grove's dictum was included in his best-selling book "Only the paranoid survives", in which he made his valuable experience and systems thinking public, pointing out the most The road to invincibility in the most frequent changes in dire circumstances.
During his 11 years as Intel CEO, Andy Grove was repeatedly pushed to the brink of strategic inflection points. The most dangerous one was in the mid-1980s, when Japanese memory manufacturers almost forced Intel into a dead end. Intel eventually had to withdraw from the production of memory chips and moved into another relatively new territory, that is, the development of microprocessors. Thinking about strategic turning points helped Intel survive the fierce competition and become the world's largest chip maker.
During the chip crisis of 1994, Andy played a key role in Intel's negotiations with IBM to have IBM use only Intel microprocessors in all new personal computers. Criticized for being too strong and harsh for his leadership style, the legendary figure has inspired generations of technologists, entrepreneurs and business leaders to make profound contributions to the industry and the PC market.
Source: Wikipedia
September 2, 1969: ARPAnet is born
On September 2, 1969, in a laboratory at the University of California, Los Angeles, about 20 researchers completed an experiment in data transfer between two computers, known as the ARPAnet. It is the prototype of the Internet. This day is also regarded as the "birthday" of the Internet.
ARPA is the abbreviation of Advanced Research Project Agency. One of his core institutions is IPTO Information Processing Techniques Office, which has been focusing on research topics such as computer graphics, network communications, and supercomputers.
The first phase of ARPANET was put into use in 1969, when only 4 computers were connected, distributed in UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, Stanford University, University of Utah. However, the ARPANET can only interconnect and communicate between computers within the network, and different computer networks still cannot communicate with each other. The TCP/IP protocol (a standard for communication between various parts of the Internet), which was born in 1974, defines the transmission between computer networks. method of information.
The birth and development of the Internet has brought unprecedented changes to the human society and pushed mankind into an information age full of vigor and vitality. Today, China's Internet economy is booming, and mobile payment, sharing economy, and online shopping are gradually integrated into people's lives. So, when did the Internet enter China? To trace the origin, we have to start from 1986.
Wu Weimin's e-mail from Beijing to ALEPH's leader, Nobel laureate Jack Steinberger at the Western European Nuclear Center in Geneva, Switzerland, marked the first international e-mail from China. After that, my country began to build the Internet. Until April 1994, NCFC took the lead in directly interconnecting with NSFNET in the United States, realizing a full-featured network connection between China and the Internet, marking the birth of the earliest international Internet network in my country, which was also the first time for the Internet in China. wave.
China's Internet has experienced three waves in total, and the arrival of the era of artificial intelligence undoubtedly symbolizes the arrival of the fourth wave. So, when did you first come into contact with the Internet? Five options have been prepared in this issue of voting. Welcome to vote and comment, and talk about your experience when you first encountered the Internet.
Source: Wikipedia, Baidu Baike
September 2, 1969: The world's first ATM machine appears
More than fifty years ago today, on September 2, 1969, the first ATM was unveiled in New York.
ATM is the abbreviation of Automatic Teller Machine, which means automatic teller machine. It is a highly sophisticated mechatronics device that uses a magnetic card or smart IC card to store user information, enter a password through an encrypted keyboard (EPP), and then authenticate and conduct various transactions through the bank's internal network. Financial self-service equipment. The emergence of ATM has relieved the work pressure of bank counter staff and provided a safe and convenient financial service experience for human beings.
When it comes to banks and ATMs, discussions about the OS market war are inseparable. ATM has four choices in operating system: DOS, OS/2, LINUX, WINDOWS. Due to the single-task nature of DOS, it eventually lost to OS/2 in the ATM platform market competition. Its proportion is currently less than 1%, and it is only used on old-fashioned machines from a few manufacturers such as Express; OS/2 was once Is the mainstream, now IBM no longer provides OS/2 support, so it also lost the market; LINUX is starting, and now the mainstream of the market is the WINDOWS system, most of which use the embedded XP system.
It is a pity that with the development of the times, people's lifestyles and quality have been greatly improved. In recent years, online payment methods such as WeChat and Alipay have become mainstream in people's lives; the utilization rate of cash has become lower and lower, and banks The utilization rate of ATM machines in China has also decreased, and many banks have even chosen to remove ATM machines because of business shrinkage. These operating system wars over the banking system are gradually becoming a thing of the past, and Windows XP is about to lose its last post after two decades of fighting.
Source: Wikipedia, Baidu Baike
September 2, 1992: The initial version of the UTF-8 character encoding is born
UTF-8 (Universal Character Set/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. It can be used to represent any character in the Unicode standard, and the first byte in its encoding is still ASCII-compatible, so that software that originally handles ASCII characters can continue to be used with little or no modification. As a result, it has gradually become the preferred encoding for emails, web pages, and other applications that store or transmit text.
On September 2, 1992, the initial version of UTF-8 was born. Kenneth Thompson and Rob Pike at Bell Labs devised this encoding, and today, UTF-8 is the most commonly used encoding on the World Wide Web and is used by most web pages. The two designers of UTF-8 are legends in the tech world:
Ken Thompson was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he co-developed the UNIX operating system. In 1969, Ken Thompson created the B and C languages at Bell Labs with Dennis Ritchie. He has since co-developed the Multics operating system. Ken Thompson, a Turing Award winner in 1983, and Rob Pike created the Go language after joining Google.
Rob Pike is a Canadian software engineer and writer. He is known for his work at Bell Labs and his involvement in Bell Labs' Project 9 and the creation of the Inferno operating system. In addition to UTF-8, he co-developed the Limbo programming language and the Blit graphical terminal for the Unix operating system; in addition, he is the sole inventor of the X Window System protocol.
Rob Pike wrote many text editors, such as sam and acme; he also cross-border astronomy, designed the gamma-ray telescope. At present, Ken Thompson and Rob Pike are still continuing to work at Google, thinking about how to bring more contributions to mankind.
Source: Wikipedia, Baidu Baike
September 2, 1997: IBM announces that it will improve the supercomputer "Deep Blue" that beat the world chess champion
In May 1997, when the Deep Blue computer defeated human chess champion Garry Kasparov in a high-profile match, the legendary IBM company decided to let the computer Computers became faster and more powerful. On September 2, 1997, IBM announced that its RS/6000 SP-type parallel supercomputer was 58 percent faster, thanks to a new microprocessor and some software improvements.
The Deep Blue Computer is a chess-specific supercomputer developed by IBM. It was the world's first computer chess system to win a chess match against a world champion under regular time control. In February 1996, Deep Blue played their first match against the world champion, however, Kasparov defeated Deep Blue 4-2. Deep Blue began to level up at the time and faced Kasparov again in May 1997, winning the match 3.5:2.5, becoming the first computer system in history to defeat the reigning world champion in a standard chess match. The machine's victory marked a new era in chess history.
We all know the AlphaGo of Megatron in the past few years, so what is the difference between AlphaGo and Deep Blue?
In 1997, training convolutional neural networks didn’t exist yet, and what the Deep Blue computer was doing was essentially Monrokat search—aka “manual work.” In fact, the principle of the deep blue computer is to summarize all the rules of chess in an artificial way, and program all possible situations into the program; while AlphaGo integrates deep neural networks and distributed parallel computing, and many games are played in the game. Chess exceeds human expectations. However, if chess is not mastered, humans will not be motivated to study the more complex game of Go. AlphaGo and Deep Blue are not much related in algorithm or hardware, but have far-reaching influence on the technology tree.
Source: Wikipedia, Baidu Baike
September 2, 2010: Samsung releases its first tablet, the Galaxy Tab
The Galaxy Tab was launched by Samsung Korea on September 2, 2010 as their first tablet. Michael Gartenberg, Samsung's US partner, said at the time: "No company will cede this market to Apple without competition. According to a short video Samsung posted on its website, it is difficult to Better understanding of the Samsung Galaxy Tab tablet. We need to really understand the Galaxy Tab.”
Apple has monopolized the tablet computer market for a long time. At that time, iOS was the best tablet computer operating system, which met the demands of users at that time and was sought after by most people. Interestingly and coincidentally, on the same day of the year following the launch of the Galaxy Tab (September 2, 2011), a court in Dusseldorf, Germany ordered Samsung to stop selling its new tablet, the Galaxy Tab, according to Apple's lawsuit. .
Apple has repeatedly accused Samsung of infringing its technology patents, winning multiple judgments from the Düsseldorf district court and forcing Samsung to pull its new Galaxy Tab tablet from the Consumer Electronics Show (IFA) in Berlin, Germany. The Apple-Samsung war lasted seven full years, and the end of the patent dispute was documented in our previous August 24th "Today in History" column .
Source: Wikipedia
September 2, 2016: Samsung Galaxy Note 7 in deep 'explosion'
Five years ago, the explosion of the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 once occupied major news headlines, which also became the fuse that Samsung's national bank sales gradually fell into the valley. On August 24, not long after the Galaxy Note 7 was released, the first explosion of the Note 7 occurred in South Korea. Samsung later said: Users should use the official charger and keep the phone away from the human body when charging. Samsung thought it was caused by improper user operation, but on August 31 a week later, news of the Samsung Note 7 explosion broke out. The message shared on South Korean social media has been deleted.
On September 2, 2016, due to reports of multiple explosions, Samsung announced a recall of 2.5 million Note 7 units sold worldwide and delayed sales in unlisted markets, excluding China. Samsung attributed the accident to a defective battery produced by its subsidiary SDI that caused a short circuit and caught fire. In addition, Koh Dong Jin, head of Samsung's mobile phone division, and Tim Baxter, COO of Samsung North America, apologized for the recent battery explosion. The Consumer Product Safety Association said Samsung did not cooperate with it, but carried out the recall on its own.
In October, Samsung recalled the Note 7 globally and discontinued production forever in an attempt to erase all traces of the Note 7's existence. At the same time, many questions remain: Why did the recalled Note7 explode after replacing the battery? What is the real defect of the product? Why doesn't the state recall it? Why is there no national public trust agency willing to test for inspection? Why doesn't Bank Negara recall with the world? ...
Part of the answer to the truth, like the Galaxy Note 7, is forever buried in history; but the user's trust in the brand is completely irreversible like this. After Samsung's defeat and Apple's decline, China's market share has been gradually occupied by domestic mobile phones in recent years. Many Chinese brand mobile phones have entered this fierce market, and some brands have even opened up new territories overseas.
Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall. Since the development of computer science, there are many important events and figures. In " New Programmers: Our Technological Era, Our Programming Life ", more than 40 technicians spanned half a century and used code to type out real programming life stories!
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