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Talking about the advanced road of Android
Author | Ruan Yifeng
Original address | http://t.cn/RoYJ2pb
01
At the beginning of last year, it was rumored on the Internet that Huawei was cleaning up employees over the age of 34.
"The China area has begun to focus on cleaning up 34+ delivery employees,... The destination is to exchange with overseas service departments for the newly graduated school recruits this year, that is, new people and old people.These old people are expected to be exported. Overseas, it is actually layoffs in disguise, these 30-year-old veterans, English is not good, drag their families and bring their mouths, few can go overseas to fight with peace of mind, and even if they go out, not many survive."
Huawei denies the news. However, soon after another news came out that Huawei stipulated that it must retire at the age of 45.
"In order to keep the company younger, the retirement policy will be fine-tuned, from "retire at 45" to "retire at 45". Those who want to continue working need to be re-approved by the human resources department."For a while, there was a lot of discussion on the Internet: cleaning up a batch at the age of 34, and forced resignation at the age of 45, what kind of personnel policy is this!
02
I'm not discussing whether this news is true or false because I don't know either. I'll just point out one fact: the IT industry is a young man's industry.
In any IT company you visit, the main employees are young people, those over 40 are rare, and the executives are often young people in their 20s. It's been a long time since someone asked, "Where have all the programmers over the age of 40 gone?"
Old employees are rare animals in this industry. Starting from the age of 35, the number has decreased sharply, and the older they are, the rarer they are. Huawei's rumors are only from one side to verify everyone's feeling.
03
Why are IT companies dominated by young people? I think there are two main reasons.
首先，工作强度太大了。IT 公司的加班是家常便饭，业务越忙、加班时间越长。很多团队都采用 "996" 工作制：早上 9 点上班，晚上 9 点下班，每周六天。杭州有一家全世界最著名的电子商务公司，天天半夜 12 点，办公楼灯火通明，门口等着接生意的出租车排成一长队。有一项统计《2016 年 IT 公司加班时间排行榜》，华为排在第一位，平均每个工作日加班 3.96 小时，第二位是腾讯，加班 3.92 小时。
人的生理和智能的最高峰是 20 岁～30 岁这个年龄段。过了 30 岁，身体就慢慢走下坡路了，思维也不如以前活跃了。年轻的时候，长年累月的加班或许还可以承受，等进入中年，再这样拼，你的身体吃得消吗？加班好比折旧，加班越凶，折旧越快。我见过很多程序员刚过 30 岁，但看上去好像 40 岁，长期的缺乏运动和工作压力，使得他们的身体有着各种疾病，实际上已经不能承担高强度的工作，或者 deadline（截止期）的赶工压力了。
另一方面，即使你可以咬紧牙关撑下去，家里人答应吗？父母和妻儿天天看不到你，她们能受得了？万一父母住院，或者小孩在幼儿园被其他同学打了，你能不闻不问，继续全部心思扑在工作上？
04
IT 公司缺少老员工的第二个原因是，这个行业变化太快了，老员工没优势。
老员工的优势是经验和人脉，可是在 IT 行业，这两样东西都不是特别重要，新事物层出不穷，旧事物没多久就无人问津。最近的行业热点：共享单车、直播、VR、区块链、O2O...... 都是新事物，史无前例，大家都没经验。谁占领了市场，谁就成了标准。而且，新事物的市场往往主要是青年，他们接受新事物的程度最快最高，用 "90 后" 去设计产品、打开市场，可能比使用 "70 后" 有效得多。
这个行业里面，起决定性作用的是新技术。技术进步的速度，比市场的变化还快，每年都有大量新技术出来。你 22 岁大学毕业入职，等到 10 年过去了，32 岁时你大学里面学到的东西都没用了，你必须和新人一样从头开始学习新技术。你也许会说，怎么可能都没用呢，难道微积分、统计学、编程原理这些都没用了吗？问题是新人也学过这些啊，而且他们刚刚学，不像你已经忘得差不多了。
05
企业发现，新人可以全身心投入工作，连续加班，可塑性高，又比较听话，不像老员工，资格太老而变得油滑，一有不满就到处抱怨，或者上班时间经常到吸烟区吞云吐雾。
更糟糕的是，老员工的工资比新员工高得多。如果老员工没有能力优势，反而拿着比新人高几倍的工资，对企业来说，应该怎么做，就不言自明了。
中国的 IT 企业里面，第一线员工干到 34 岁时，大概已经拼搏了 10 年以上，再拼命有点力不从心了。对企业来说，该员工最能创造价值的巅峰也已经过去了。等他到了 45 岁，如果还没有当上高管，很可能已经创造不了价值了，再留着他反而可能有负作用，让企业变成松松跨跨的养老院。
这就是为什么大家觉得华为的传闻可信，因为符合逻辑。如果员工都是 "奋斗者"，你说谁更容易有奋斗精神，25 岁还是 45 岁？
好在 IT 行业的工资现在还是不错的，即使 45 岁退休了，生活水平也不会一时下降太多。如果能够拿到公司的股票，而公司又非常成功（比如华为），那么可能不用等到 45 岁，你自己早早就走了，享受生活不再为人打工了。
马云在湖畔大学对企业家上课，第一课就说： "小公司的成败在于你聘请什么样的人，大公司的成败在于你开除什么样的人。大公司里有很多老白兔，不干活，并且慢慢会传染更多的人。" 可见最成功的企业家早就认可这种做法。
06
我估计，34 岁之前晋升到中级，45 岁之前晋升到高管，否则强制退休，会成为 IT 行业的惯例。随着其他行业正在日益变成 "互联网 +"，这种做法还有向其他行业扩展的可能。
This raises a very serious question. If you don't get promoted to mid-level or executive by the deadline, and you're out of work by age 45, what should you do? 45 is still a very dynamic age. Retirement like this is a waste of human resources for society and cruel to individuals. But did you get a job then? Or even if you get a job, can you still get the kind of pay you were paid for?
The reality is very cruel. In a public account called "Blue Blood Research", an article said to be a layoff of Huawei employees was posted. First of all, the author expresses his understanding of Huawei's approach.
"Older employees with a lot of stock have consumed a lot of Huawei's costs. It is extremely reasonable for the company to clean up such employees to release more space for the younger generation. And most of the old employees are basically financially free, even if There is no complete freedom, and the reserved stocks can basically be free from food and clothing."However, the reality is that "the people who are forced to retire or do not renew their contracts are not high-cost employees who are old and have a lot of stocks. Instead, they are the people who have worked hard at Huawei for more than ten years, and are evaluated by ordinary ranks and low income and stocks." .
The author believes that many senior managers should be laid off.
"Are executives really that indispensable? I really don't think so. In many cases, the opposite is true. At present, many executives are actually far away from the business. When they are asked to do a job of grassroots employees, they do No, I didn’t do anything strategic, I just held meetings every day and assigned tasks. Most of them seemed to be very busy, and they held meetings until late every day, but how much does it really help the business? Everyone There is a steel scale in my heart! On the one hand, our grass-roots employees who have made solid contributions have been laid off and retired, and on the other hand, the rank of managers is rising. Where is the fairness? Where is the axiom?"
"The annual income of a 19-level manager is about It is 5 times as much as the level 15 employees he manages, but is the contribution of level 19 really 5 times that of level 15? With the current system, if a level 15 person is thrown into a level 19 post, the department will make a big difference Will there be trouble? Will the business be devastated by this? Or is it that after a few months of adaptation, level 15 can even take up a level 19 position. Who is overpaying and who should be retired?"
07
I think everyone should think about whether your employer will have a major loss without you? A new or lower-level employee takes over your position, can he/she get started, and how much will they ask for compensation?
Technological advances have allowed humans to live longer and healthier lives, but have also made us less useful. In the future, everyone may have to choose their own life twice: once when they graduate from college and look for a job, and once when they are 45 and have no work.
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