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Summary: IT support department supports trading system, FIX, SWIFT, accounting and settlement technical support department supports clearing system
Securities Industry Informatization 17_My Hong Kong Travel Notes 3_Trading System Technical Support Department_Accounting and Settlement Technical Support Department What does the Accounting and Settlement Technical Support Department do?
It's been 5 months since the last article, I'm really sorry for many listeners. Because of the major changes in my life recently (more details will be discussed later), I have never been motivated to update my blog. So, go on to describe my experience in Hong Kong 7 years ago.
I sat in the seats of the "Technical Finance Department" and the "Infrastructure Department" for a week or so, and my office seat was finally moved to the "Technical Support Department of the Trading System" upstairs. in the area.
In the previous description, I mentioned that UBSA (it seems that some people still don't realize that once it comes to the specific name, I must have made a cover up) or the IT departments of all these foreign brokerages, all the business system technical support The team is placed in an office area of the business department, which better reflects the core value of the IT department (providing technical support for the business department). In a large office space of hundreds of square meters, there are several long rows of desks, and those salespeople and traders sit (just like what you see in American movies).
The leader of the IT support team is a French (European brokerages, there must be some European talents). Non-native English speakers speak easy-to-understand English, so my broken English was able to converse with Rafal. Westerners are very friendly and basically responsive. He told me about the basic duties and daily affairs of their group. (This Rafal is a smoker. I saw him smoking in the corner of the Hong Kong government building several times. I always thought this scene was weird. Maybe in China, most people smoke at the stairs of the building, instead of going outside the building.)
This group basically revolves around the OMS system (that is, the Order Manage System), and the operation of this system is described in detail earlier. There are 5 ITs who manage this system, one is business requirements analysis and project management (South American, also a small leader), two are responsible for desktop support, and one is responsible for FIX development.
The so-called FIX development mainly means that many fund companies use Bloomberg to see the market. Bloomberg provides the FIX interface, which can be connected to the OMS system through secondary development. In this way, the fund managers of the fund company do not need to call the brokers for sales, but manually enter them into the OMS system, and directly place orders to buy and sell stocks through Bloomberg. This is one of the core contents of the STP project.
Regarding FIX, it is an application-layer protocol that has gradually gained a monopoly position in the United States since the beginning of this century. For example, a fixed data structure, which fields are used for what purpose, are all defined.
It is worth noting that FIX is a data exchange standard protocol that has evolved naturally in the United States from market needs and various solutions. It is compatible with the completely free development characteristics of the U.S. securities market (for example, exchange , OTC, different exchanges, no unified securities registry, etc.). And our domestic securities market is a closed, single market in which business behavior is strictly restricted from the beginning. At the beginning of this century, in the wave of the Internet, it seems that the introduction of the FIX protocol from the United States represents fashion and advancement. The Technical Branch of the Securities Industry Association also organized a lot of seminars and the like. Haha, it really feels like "the moon in foreign countries is rounder than China".
When it comes to FIX, we must mention SWIFT. FIX is mainly used in the exchange of transaction information in the securities industry, while SWIFT is mainly used in capital settlement and exchange agreement for capital transfer information. Many people are confused about the difference between the two. In particular, the FIX protocol has also extended its hands to the exchange of funds settlement information, and the slight overlap with SWIFT has made some people even wonder why they need that since they already have this. Ha ha. In line with international standards, these two agreements must be used to integrate.
There is also a person in the "Technical Support Department of the Trading System" who specializes in the Sophis system, a portfolio risk management software, which belongs to the middle-office system. When a brokerage's proprietary business invests in certain portfolios of stocks, the system calculates the value at risk (VAR) and issues warnings or controls the trade. What impressed me the most was that he had to manually import all the self-operated transaction flows (a TXT file) of the day every day. The degree of automation between foreign systems can be imagined. This person only does Sophis and can program twice. I have been talking about a phenomenon. A position in the IT department of a securities company in developed countries is only a pure and possibly deep specialty. Unlike us, we rely on suppliers for everything and are generalists.
Today, let's talk about the flowers.
几天后，我又去了“会计与结算技术支持部”。IT组的组长是个澳洲大叔Tom（倒不是年龄大，就是态度上和蔼可亲象个大叔的样子），在Lazi离开UBSA后Tom成了IT部的Head（不要想看“Head”这个词，如果内头衔有这个词，你的收入一定是普通文员收入的100倍以上，以前我在一个公司做IT Manager，拿10倍文员的薪水，我走了后，又去了一个曾经的同事做IT Head，拿10倍我的薪水，呵呵，还是那句话，你的收入与你的岗位无关，而是与谁在这个位置上有关。可能你感到了酸酸的语气，唉！确实心里酸酸的。真他妈没意思…）。Tom一口澳洲英语，很难懂，反正也哼哼哈哈的应付过去了。
这个“会计与结算技术支持部”可不得了，是除了打人海战术的“基础设施部”以外最大的一个IT小组。这可能与西方券商清算过程异常繁杂有关。
基础的系统是Nova系统，一个管理每个客户的现金和资产头寸（就是余额的意思，我在银行开始一直不明白为什么把现金余额叫做现金头寸）的系统。我一再强调，在国内的券商，普通股民的交易系统和清算系统是合在一起的，就是柜台系统。
股民下单，报盘到交易所，再反馈给股民，这是基本的交易功能，通过恒生（金证）柜台系统完成；股民的现金头寸、股票头寸、与银行的三方存管数据划转也是通过同一套集中柜台系统完成。而在国外，因为都是大机构户，所以交易用OMS系统，清算用Nova系统。
也许你要问，为什么不象我们中国学习，用一个系统解决一切问题。呵呵。这个跟历史沿革有关，西方证券市场2、300年，他们的IT系统都是适应他们那套业务开展方式的。这就是中西差异。不过好像近几年，我们越来越不认为它们的东西就一定是好的东西了。没有最好的，只有最合适的。所谓“中国模式”就是不照般别人的东西，只探索适合自己的东西。（又在上政治课了！：））
OMS系统的交易数据如何进入Nova，是一个大问题，也是STP项目的核心问题之一。目前是OMS导出txt文件，再手工导入Nova系统完成的。
Nova获得每天的交易数据后，计算每个客户应有的现金和股票头寸，其实这就是我们柜台系统每天晚上做的清算过程。然后，每个客户要打印对账单，第二天邮寄给客户。打印和邮寄这个工作不是可有可无的工作，在西方的法律中，这种告知责任是券商必须履行的核心法律义务之一。
因为可能某个大的基金的单子需要几天才能完成，那么Nova要知道全部完成后才去触发交割的动作。
资金的最终归宿还是在银行那边，所以Nova要通过SWIFT与发生业务的客户划转资金（想想我们的三方存管，业务简单得让人羡慕。当然不排除大机构可能与券商独立的进行资金划转，但这在以散户居多的中国股市中，不是主流，也没有固定的资金清算模式。在中国的证券法规们中，几十亿的大机构与几千的小散户是相同的，我认为这是中国证券法规的一个大大的问题。好象有点杞人忧天的感觉，这种“大事”又岂是我们小人物关心的东西呢。肉食者谋之又何间焉。不过话讲回来，既然是匿名的博客文章，就是要什么炮都放！）
Nova还要与香港登记公司的系统相连，它们也有类似我们法人清算的业务内容。呵呵，负责这个岗位是一个南亚模特级的大美女，跟我讲了一下午，确实很漂亮，还有强烈的香水，印象极为深刻。
让我想想，还有什么没讲的。
对了，还有Nova系统的系统管理员，一位小姑娘，分配权限，和系统安装等桌面支持工作。
还有3个开发人员，其中一个憨厚老实友善的澳洲大小伙Smith。反正感觉，我们上海去的人，他们都特别尊敬，有个好大的光环套在“中国”上边，一个更大的光环套在“上海”头上。香港人怕上海抢他们金融中心地位，在我们看来我们还远远落后于香港，但在香港人看来那种明天就会被上海赶上的感觉十分十分的强烈。要知道那可是7年前的感受哦，现在香港人可能已经被上海边缘化了。（G2的概念可不是几个西方人的看法，认为中国与美国共管世界的人在西方十分普遍。）
Smith负责Nova系统的业务需求分析，用很多的Viso图把清算业务要素和流程都画出来。他是STP项目的核心成员。外国人做事好专业好踏实的，当然工资高，所以人力成本也高。
另外还有个专门做数据总线编程的香港工程师，听说是英国名牌大学计算机系研究生毕业，在一个EAI软件平台（现在升级了概念叫SOA了）上做开发。做很多的“适配器”放到不同的业务系统（OMS，Nova）中，定义业务数据结构，在数据总线上跑这些信息，想要什么就出这个总线上拿什么数据。神乎其神的概念。结果嘛，99％的死路一条。
好象很多开发的都与这个“会计与计算技术支持部”有关，结算这一块确实比交易要复杂难缠（其实我们的柜台系统最麻烦的不也是费率计算、资金清算、红利入账等等这些清算范畴吗）
对了，还有一点。
在整个UBSA的IT部中，就没有“开发部”。这一点与国内的组织结构很大不同。他们的业务分析人员全部放在业务技术支持组中，而某种计算机语言编程的岗位则放在“基础设施部”这个组中。例如，某个C语言程序员，他可能与这个分析师做这个项目，也可能与另一个分析师做另一个项目。
这种分工的好处是：1、极大的体现的为业务服务的IT核心价值；2、极大的发挥了专业编程人员的技术长处。
国内，技术支持部与开发部是不同部门，方便了自己的管理，但对业务部门而言却往往得不到最有效的支持。
想到哪里讲到哪里，今天就讲这么多。晚安。
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