Different exceptions in python can be identified by different types (classes and categories are unified in python, and types are classes), and an exception identifies an error.
1. Common grammar mistakes
AttributeError 试图访问一个对象没有的属性，比如foo.x，但是foo没有属性x
IOError 输入/输出异常；基本上是无法打开文件
ImportError 无法引入模块或包；基本上是路径问题或名称错误
IndentationError 语法错误（的子类） ；代码没有正确对齐
IndexError 下标索引超出序列边界，比如当x只有三个元素，却试图访问x[5]
KeyError 试图访问字典里不存在的键
KeyboardInterrupt Ctrl+C被按下
NameError 使用一个还未被赋予对象的变量
SyntaxError Python代码非法，代码不能编译(个人认为这是语法错误，写错了）
TypeError 传入对象类型与要求的不符合
UnboundLocalError 试图访问一个还未被设置的局部变量，基本上是由于另有一
个同名的全局变量，导致你以为正在访问它
ValueError 传入一个调用者不期望的值，即使值的类型是正确的
2. More bugs
ArithmeticError
AssertionError
AttributeError
BaseException
BufferError
BytesWarning
DeprecationWarning
EnvironmentError
EOFError
Exception
FloatingPointError
FutureWarning
GeneratorExit
ImportError
ImportWarning
IndentationError
IndexError
IOError
KeyboardInterrupt
KeyError
LookupError
MemoryError
NameError
NotImplementedError
OSError
OverflowError
PendingDeprecationWarning
ReferenceError
RuntimeError
RuntimeWarning
StandardError
StopIteration
SyntaxError
SyntaxWarning
SystemError
SystemExit
TabError
TypeError
UnboundLocalError
UnicodeDecodeError
UnicodeEncodeError
UnicodeError
UnicodeTranslateError
UnicodeWarning
UserWarning
ValueError
Warning
ZeroDivisionError
3.All standard exception classes in python
| exception name | describe |
|---|---|
| BaseException | Base class for all exceptions |
| SystemExit | interpreter request to exit |
| KeyboardInterrupt | User interrupts execution (usually by typing ^C) |
| Exception | base class for general errors |
| StopIteration | iterator has no more values |
| GeneratorExit | Generator (generator) exception to notify exit |
| SystemExit | Python interpreter request to quit |
| StandardError | Base class for all built-in standard exceptions |
| ArithmeticError | Base class for all numerical computation errors |
| FloatingPointError | floating point calculation error |
| OverflowError | Numerical operation exceeds maximum limit |
| ZeroDivisionError | divide (or modulo) zero (all data types) |
| AssertionError | Assertion statement failed |
| AttributeError | Object does not have this property |
| EOFError | No built-in input, reaching the EOF marker |
| EnvironmentError | Base class for operating system errors |
| IOError | I/O operation failed |
| OSError | operating system error |
| WindowsError | system call failed |
| ImportError | Failed to import module/object |
| KeyboardInterrupt | User interrupts execution (usually by typing ^C) |
| LookupError | Base class for invalid data queries |
| IndexError | There is no such index in the sequence (index) |
| KeyError | There is no such key in the map |
| MemoryError | Out of memory error (not fatal to the Python interpreter) |
| NameError | undeclared/initialized object (no properties) |
| UnboundLocalError | access uninitialized local variable |
| ReferenceError | Weak reference attempts to access objects that have been garbage collected |
| RuntimeError | General runtime errors |
| NotImplementedError | Method not yet implemented |
| SyntaxError | Python syntax error |
| IndentationError | Indentation error |
| TabError | Tab 和空格混用 |
| SystemError | 一般的解释器系统错误 |
| TypeError | 对类型无效的操作 |
| ValueError | 传入无效的参数 |
| UnicodeError | Unicode 相关的错误 |
| UnicodeDecodeError | Unicode 解码时的错误 |
| UnicodeEncodeError | Unicode 编码时错误 |
| UnicodeTranslateError | Unicode 转换时错误 |
| Warning | 警告的基类 |
| DeprecationWarning | 关于被弃用的特征的警告 |
| FutureWarning | 关于构造将来语义会有改变的警告 |
| OverflowWarning | 旧的关于自动提升为长整型(long)的警告 |
| PendingDeprecationWarning | 关于特性将会被废弃的警告 |
| RuntimeWarning | 可疑的运行时行为(runtime behavior)的警告 |
| SyntaxWarning | 可疑的语法的警告 |
| UserWarning | 用户代码生成的警告 |
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