Artificial intelligence vs humans, who will have the last laugh?
Before answering this question, let's review the history of artificial intelligence. The development history of artificial intelligence can be summarized into three stages: germination, formation and development.
The embryonic stage was before 1956, and various ideas and concepts put forward by many historical celebrities laid the foundation for the formation of artificial intelligence. The British philosopher F. Bacon once systematically proposed the induction method. The German mathematician and philosopher GW Leibniz proposed the idea of universal notation and inference calculation. British mathematician Turing (AM Turing) In 1936, a mathematical model of an ideal computer, the Turing machine, was proposed. American neurophysiologists W. McCulloch and W. Pitts built the first neural network model (MP) in 1943. model). These predecessors' work laid the foundation for the formation of artificial intelligence, and artificial intelligence began to sprout.
The formation stage is roughly from 1956 to 1969. The term "Artificial Intelligence" was formally proposed by the current Stanford University professor J. MeCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956. In the summer of 1956, J. MeCarthy, a young mathematics assistant at Dartmouth University and current Stanford University professor at the time, joined Harvard University's young mathematics and neuroscientist and MIT professor ML Minsky, IBM N. Rochester, head of the Corporate Information Research Center, and CE Shannon, a mathematics researcher in the Information Department of Bell Labs, co-sponsored the invitation to invite T. Moore of Princeton University and Samuel of IBM. AL Samuel, O. Selfridge and R. Solomonff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Newell of RAND and Carnegie Mellon University. Newell), Simon (HA Simon) and others held a two-month academic seminar at Dartmouth University in the United States to discuss the issue of machine intelligence. The term "artificial intelligence" was formally adopted by McCarthy's proposal at the meeting. McCarthy is therefore called the father of artificial intelligence. This is an important conference of historical significance, and it marks the official birth of artificial intelligence as an emerging discipline. Since then, the United States has formed a number of artificial intelligence research organizations, such as the Carnegie-RAND collaboration group of Newell and Simon, the MIT research group of Minsky and McCarthy, and the IBM engineering research group of Samuel. In the more than 10 years since this conference, artificial intelligence research has achieved many notable achievements in machine learning, theorem proving, pattern recognition, problem solving, expert systems and artificial intelligence languages. In machine learning, Rosenblatt successfully developed a perceptron in 1957; in pattern recognition, Selfridge introduced a pattern recognition program in 1959, and Roberts compiled a program for distinguishable building blocks in 1965; In terms of problem solving, in 1960, Newell et al. summarized people's thinking rules for solving problems through psychological experiments, and compiled a general problem solver (General Problem Solver, GPS), which can be used to solve 11 different types of problems; In terms of artificial intelligence language, McCarthy developed the artificial intelligence language (List Processing, LISP) in 1960, which became an important tool for building expert systems. The International Joint Conferences On Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) established in 1969 is an important milestone in the history of artificial intelligence development. It marks that the emerging discipline of artificial intelligence has been recognized and recognized by the world. The international artificial intelligence magazine "Artificial Intelligence", founded in 1970, has played an important role in promoting the development of artificial intelligence and promoting the exchange of researchers. Intelligence (IJCAI) is an important milestone in the history of artificial intelligence development. It marks that the emerging discipline of artificial intelligence has been recognized and recognized by the world. The international artificial intelligence magazine "Artificial Intelligence", founded in 1970, has played an important role in promoting the development of artificial intelligence and promoting the exchange of researchers. Intelligence (IJCAI) is an important milestone in the history of artificial intelligence development. It marks that the emerging discipline of artificial intelligence has been recognized and recognized by the world. The international artificial intelligence magazine "Artificial Intelligence", founded in 1970, has played an important role in promoting the development of artificial intelligence and promoting the exchange of researchers.
The development stage is after 1970. In 1980, Carnegie Mellon University designed the first expert system-XCON. The expert system has a powerful knowledge base and reasoning ability, which can simulate human experts to solve specific domain problems. From then on, machine learning began to rise, and various expert systems began to be widely used. Unfortunately, as the application fields of expert systems become wider and wider, problems are gradually exposed. Expert systems have limited applications and often make mistakes on common sense issues, so artificial intelligence has ushered in the second cold winter. In 1997, IBM's "Deep Blue" computer defeated the world chess champion Kasparov and became an important milestone in the history of artificial intelligence. After that, artificial intelligence began to develop steadily and upward. In 2006, Professor Li Feifei realized that experts and scholars ignored the importance of "data" in the process of researching algorithms, and began to take the lead in constructing a large-scale image data set-ImageNet, and the image recognition competition kicked off. In the same year, due to the continuous development of artificial neural networks, the concept of "deep learning" was proposed. After that, deep neural networks and convolutional neural networks began to come into people's eyes. The development of deep learning has once again set off a frenzy of artificial intelligence research, and this frenzy is still going on.
How to simply understand artificial intelligence? Put people and machines in a small black room to talk to people outside. If the people outside can’t tell whether the interlocutor is a human or a machine, then this machine has the same intelligence as a human. This is the Turing test machine. Machines have the same capabilities as humans. From today's perspective, it seems that most people think that this is achievable and will soon be achieved. Imagine that one day, machine translation completely replaces human translation. Is it necessary for us to learn more than one language? It is enough to learn our own mother tongue. Can our students' textbooks be reduced by a lot of textbooks, and can also reduce the burden on students; One day, machines can automatically solve the world’s century-old mathematical problems. There will be no problems in the world. Academician honors should be awarded to these robots. Scientists may all disappear; imagine that one day, machines can completely replace our work and can replace us. We construct, design for us, repair for us, shop for us, and sell for us, so many people will be unemployed. The so-called existence is reasonable, so many people will no longer need to exist; imagine one day, machines can invent machines , Microcomputers, picometer chips, aviation vehicles, space-time shuttles, space buses, eternal generators, etc., then humans don’t need to innovate, it’s enough to enjoy these inventions; just think again, machines will rule In the world, human beings become slaves. One day, the human race will be completely extinct. The world will move from the human age to the machine age. I can no longer imagine what kind of earth and what kind of universe it will be.
Artificial intelligence vs humans, who will have the last laugh? In fact, the most prominent ability of artificial intelligence at present should be machine learning and deep learning, to understand things in the world through super learning ability. Such as understanding the language of the world, understanding climate change with statistical laws, predicting natural disasters, realizing automatic identification technology, etc. We all know that artificial intelligence in these fields has greatly promoted the technological development and technological progress in these fields, but these are not perfect. Inaccurate predictions and recognition errors are still various problems today. Artificial intelligence, where there is no artificial intelligence, is used to ridicule the limitations of artificial intelligence, while also brushing up on the insignificant sense of human existence.
Artificial intelligence can be said to be an invention of mankind. Will things invented by mankind defeat mankind? Throughout ancient times, it seems that no invention has surpassed human beings. From this perspective, artificial intelligence will not surpass humans. Although artificial intelligence has a strong learning ability, humans have not only learning ability, but humans also have consciousness. The vocabulary is more difficult to explain, very unique, invisible and intangible, but it feels like it exists somewhere in the brain. I think human consciousness can control the upper limit of artificial intelligence development in the future.
People who understand the current development of artificial intelligence will say that artificial intelligence cannot replace humans, and those who don't understand will worry that they will one day be replaced by artificial intelligence. The abilities of each individual human are different. In today's age of lifelong learning, only by continuous learning and maintaining one's own uniqueness can we stand on top of the mountain. Everyone understands the truth that if you fall behind, you will be beaten. Artificial intelligence is not terrible. The terrible thing is that some people don't want to make progress and are backward in thinking.
Artificial intelligence vs humans, will you have the last laugh?
[Reference]
1. A brief history of the development of artificial intelligence
2. The history of the development of artificial intelligence: 4 pictures to see the major milestones of AI