Teach you how to use Dockerfile files to build some common images?

Dockerfile build image

• Three ways to build an image:
  build
  based on Dockerfile build based on existing image container build based
  on local template

• Build three steps:
  write Dockerfile file -----> create image docker build -----> start container docker run

Build the apache image

• Write Dockerfile

[root@docker ~]# mkdir apache		'//创建目录，存放Dockerfile文件'
[root@docker ~]# cd apache/
[root@docker apache]# vi Dockerfile
FROM centos:7					'//基于的基础镜像'
MAINTAINER this is apache		'//维护镜像的用户信息'
RUN yum -y update				'//更新yum仓库'
RUN yum -y install httpd		'//安装apache软件'
EXPOSE 80						'//开启端口80'
ADD index.html /var/www/html/index.html			'//复制网站首页文件'
ADD run.sh /run.sh				'//将执行脚本复制到镜像中'
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh			'//给脚本设置755权限'
CMD ["/run.sh"]					'//启动容器时执行脚本'

[root@docker apache]# vi index.html		'//编写网站页面'
This is apache!

[root@docker apache]# vi run.sh			'//编写执行脚本'
#!/bin/bash
rm -rf /run/httpd/*							#删除apache缓存
exec /usr/sbin/apachectl -D FOREGROUND		#exec执行，apachectl -D 守护进程，FOREGROUND启动

• Create a new image and start the container

[root@docker apache]# docker build -t httpd:centos .		'//创建apache镜像'

[root@docker apache]# docker run --name httpd -d -p 80:80 httpd:centos		'//启动容器httpd'

• Verification Test

[root@docker apache]# docker ps		'//列出正在运行的容器'
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND     CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                NAMES
6a352e31820f   httpd:centos   "/run.sh"   4 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   httpd

Access to the specified port of the website

• http://192.168.140.22:80/
  

Build nginx image

• Write Dockerfile

[root@docker ]# mkdir nginx		
[root@docker ]# cd nginx		'//导入nginx压缩软件包'
[root@docker nginx]# vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src		'//复制并解压nginx软件包'
RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make		'//安装nginx依赖包环境'
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2			'//指定工作目录'
RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
EXPOSE 80
ADD index.html /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
CMD ["/run.sh"]

[root@docker nginx]# vim index.html		'//编写网站页面'
this is nginx!!
[root@docker nginx]# vim run.sh			'//编写执行脚本'
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

• Create a new image and start the container

[root@docker nginx]# docker build -t nginx:new .		#注意命令最后带有一个小数点
[root@docker nginx]# docker run -d -P nginx:new			#启动容器

• Verification Test

[root@docker nginx]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND     CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                                           NAMES
95b690a3c8bf   nginx:new   "/run.sh"   7 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds   0.0.0.0:49156->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:49155->443/tcp   compassionate_mahavira

Access to the specified port of the website

• http://192.168.140.22:49156/
  

Build tomcat image

• Create a directory to store Dockerfile files

[root@docker ~]# mkdir tomcat
[root@docker ~]# cd tomcat/
[root@docker tomcat]# 
#此时将jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz、apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz放在目录里
[root@docker tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz  jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz

• Write tomcat Dockerfile

[root@docker tomcat]# vi Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is tomcat
ADD jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv jdk1.8.0_91 /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_BIN /usr/local/java/bin
ENV JRE_HOME /usr/local/java/jre
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/local/java/jre/bin
ENV CLASSPATH /usr/local/java/jre/bin:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib/charsets.jar
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz /usr/local/
WORKDIR /usr/local/
RUN mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16 /usr/local/tomcat8
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
#cmd ["/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

• Create a new image and start the container

[root@docker tomcat]# docker build -t tomcat:centos .
...//省略部分信息
Successfully built c932dd81fac3
Successfully tagged tomcat:centos

[root@docker tomcat]# docker run --name tomcat -d -P tomcat:centos 
0385b8a787442061d7005ff9acea7fa9def4d8cb991bea9c320e9b8ff9209ff4

• Verification Test

[root@docker tomcat]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                     NAMES
0385b8a78744   tomcat:centos   "/usr/local/tomcat8/…"   4 seconds ago    Up 3 seconds    0.0.0.0:49155->8080/tcp   tomcat

Access to the specified port of the website

• http://192.168.140.22:49155/
  

Build mysql image

• Create a directory to store the Dockerfile file, and import the mysql software package

[root@docker ~]# mkdir mysql && cd mysql
[root@docker mysql]# ls			'//导入mysql软件包'
mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz

• Write Dockerfile file

[root@docker mysql]# vi Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is MySQL
EXPOSE 3306
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20
RUN useradd mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake 
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
RUN make && make install
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

#RUN rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf		'//也可以先删掉文件，再添加进去'
RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
RUN /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

RUN cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /lib/systemd/system/
ADD run.sh /usr/local/src
RUN chmod 755 /usr/local/src/run.sh
RUN sh /usr/local/src/run.sh
CMD ["init"]


[root@docker mysql]# vi my.cnf			'//配置MySQL系统 /etc/my.cnf 文件'
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server = utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

[root@docker mysql]# vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld	
systemctl enable mysqld

[root@docker mysql]# ls
Dockerfile  my.cnf  mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz run.sh

• Create images and containers

[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysql:test .			'//创建MySQL镜像，编译时间较久，需要耐心等待'

# docker system prune  清除docker缓存命令

[root@docker mysql]# docker run --name mysql  --privileged -d -P mysql:test		
										'//创建mysql容器，进入容器不降权'
4086047bf07c11c7fb15ee4c5d089c52e7c3d26f4681fba526f60deddaa7df34
[root@docker mysql]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                     NAMES
4086047bf07c   mysql:test      "init"                   6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds   0.0.0.0:49156->3306/tcp   mysql

• Enter mysql, authorize the login user

[root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it 4086047bf07c /bin/bash
[root@4086047bf07c mysql-5.7.20]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:				//按回车即可
...
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '111222';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '111222';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

• Install the mairadb client in the host system to connect to the mysql container

[root@docker mysql]# yum install mariadb -y

[root@docker mysql]# mysql -h 192.168.140.22 -uroot -p111222 -P49156

• Verify resource sharing

在宿主机中进入数据库，并创建数据库

MySQL [(none)]> create database ping;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| ping               |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

进入容器，查看结果

[root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it 4086047bf07c /bin/bash
[root@4086047bf07c mysql-5.7.20]# mysql -uroot -p111222
...
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| ping               |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//此时表示mysql数据库容器搭建完成