"Qi Min Yao Shu·The First Plowing Field" Northern Wei Dynasty·Jia Si Xie (xié)
"Qi Min Yao Shu" is a comprehensive agronomic work written by Jia Si Xie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and is known as the "Encyclopedia of Ancient Chinese Agriculture".
Jia Sixie, from Qingzhou Yidu (now Shouguang, Shandong), minister of the Northern Wei Dynasty and agronomist.
"Qi Min Yao Shu" Volume 1
Farming first (excerpt)
Northern Wei Dynasty·Jia Si Xie
Farming first
"Book of Zhou" said: "During the days of Shennong, Tianyu millet, Shennong then plowed and planted it. For pottery, smelt axe, it is 耒耜 (lěi sì), 鉏 (chú, the same as "hoe" in ancient times), 耨 ( nòu), to cultivate the grass, then the five grains to help, and the fruits to store the fruits. "
"Shiben" (ancient genealogy) said: "chuí (chuí) made Lei Lei." "Hey, the minister of Shennong."
"Lu Shi Chun Qiu" says: "Liu Bo six inches."
"Er Ya" says: "Qú zhú (qú zhú) is called Ding." Qian Wei Sheren (qián wéi, Gu Qian is a scholar in the county, and author of "Er Ya Zhu" in three volumes.) It says: "Wu Shen , 鉏也, a fixed one."
"Compilation" (He Chengtian in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote an exegetical book.) said: "The way to raise seedlings is worse than chu, and chu (chǎn, flat.). The handle is two feet long, and the blade is two inches wide. ."
Xu Shen (the word Shuzhong, Zhaoling in Runan (now in Zhaoling District, Luohe City), a scholar of Eastern Han Dynasty, a philologist.) "Shuowen" (ie "Shuowen Jiezi") said: "Lei, hand-growing music Mu Ye.” “Yu, Lei Duan Mu Ye.” “Yu, Zhuo (zhuó) also, Qi Weizhi Zhiji (zī jī). One said, it is also a kind of self-curvature.” “Tian, Chen Ye, tree Gu said the field, the pictogram from the mouth, from the ten, the system of rice paddies." "Plowing, planting, from the sound of Lei Jing. One said, the ancients are well fields."
Liu Xi (or Liu Xi, whose name is Chengguo, was born in Beihai (now Changle, Shandong), a scholar of Eastern Han dynasty, and an exegetical scholar.) "Shi Ming" (a class book that uses the sound training method to infer the source of the name.) said: "Tian, fill it, and fill it with grain." "Plow, benefit. Lee made the soil and no grass roots." "Xuan, like a scorpion, to 薅 (hāo) stalks." "She, Zhu ye, the master is to punish the scorpion. The roots are also."
Where the wasteland is reclaimed, the grass is set on fire in July, and it will be cultivated in spring. 〖Saving the roots. 〗The big tree █ (yīng, cut from the stem.) Kill it, and the leaf will die without fan, and it will be cultivated. After three years of age, the roots withered and the stems decayed and burned with fire. 〖Fit into the ground. 〗After ploughing the wasteland, use iron teeth █ (lòu, iron farming tools.) 楱 (zòu, waiting for the opposite. Wood, used to make farm tools.) Again (biàn, the same as "Bai".) Loquat, throwing millet穄 (jì, non-sticky millet, also known as "mi (méi) son".), Lao also repeats. Next year, Naizhong will be Tanita.
Everyone who plows high and goes to the fields, regardless of the spring and autumn, must dry the damp well. If the water and drought are not adjusted, it is better to be dry than wet. 〖Despite the plowing of dry land, once it catches rain, the ground will be dissolved. Wet farming and Jiannao (kè, Hu Ge anti. The water is dry.), not good for several years. The proverb goes: "Wet plowing and hoeing, it is better to go back." Saying it is useless but detrimental. Wet plowers, white-backed speedy, no injury; otherwise, it will be bad. 〗Spring ploughing to seek manual labor, 〖In ancient times, it is called "耰", and today it is called "work." "Shuowen" says: "Yu, Motian implement." Today, people also call Lao and call it "Mo", and they say "Plowing the land, Mo Lao." 〗Autumn ploughing waits for nothing. 〖Spring (one autumn) is windy, if you don't look for labor, the earth will be dry. Akita 㙷 (zhí, long robbery. Insert.) Really, 㙷 is hard. The proverb goes: "It is better to be violent than to cultivate without labor." Gai Yanze is hard to come by, and he is happy when he is happy. Huan Kuan's "Salt and Iron Theory" said: "There is no rich grass under the mogi, and no beautiful seedlings between the big pieces."〗
Where autumn farming desires deep, spring and summer desire shallow. To plow is to be cheap, but to work again. 〖Plowing is cheap and ploughing, the cattle will never get tired; no matter how hard the land is, the drought will protect you. 〗Autumn Gengyi (ǎn, feeling disgusted. Planting.) Young people are the first. 〖Before the winter months, those who resurrect the grass will have the same beauty as xiaodou. 〗The first ploughing desire is deep, but the transfer is shallow. 〖If the farming is not deep, the ground is not mature; if it is not shallow, the soil will grow. 〗Summa (jiān, weeds.) is a place where cattle and sheep should be practiced. 〖Practice the roots will float. 〗If you cultivate in July, you will die. 〖Not July, come back to life. 〗
In the method of Meitian, mung beans are the first, followed by adzuki beans and flax. It is planted in May and June in the middle of the month (cuì, Qin drunk cut, sound extraction. Rice.) It is planted in July and August by plowing and killing. It is a spring grain field, and then ten stones are harvested per acre. Its beauty is similar to silkworms and ripeness. Dung with.
After the autumn harvest, cattle are weak, and those who plough in autumn before the time, grain, millet, scorpion, beam, scorpion, and 茇 (bá, uprooted.), namely move lei (léi, thin and weak.) Sufeng (farming tool name) Also, Hengrun is not hard. Even at the beginning of winter, they often have to work and do not suffer from drought. If the cow has little strength, but if you work in September and October, you can plant it in spring █ (tì, Tang Lifan. "Ji Yun" is separated and planted.).