What are the computer programming languages?

Low-level language

Machine language, assembly language and symbolic language.

The assembly language source program must be assembled, the object file is generated, and then executed.

Special language

The drawing language in the CAD system and the database query language of the DBMS.

Machine language

Machine language refers to a set of instructions for a computer

The electronic computer uses a binary number composed of "0" and "1". Binary is a calculation

Computer Languages

The basis of machine language. At the beginning of the invention of the computer, people could only reduce their honor and use the language of the computer to instruct the computer to do it. In one sentence, it was to write a series of instruction sequences composed of "0" and "1" to be executed by the computer The language that this computer can recognize is machine language. Using machine language is very painful, especially when the program is wrong and needs to be modified.

Therefore, the program is a binary file. A machine language becomes an instruction. The instruction is an indivisible minimum functional unit. Moreover, since each computer instruction is often not the same, so the program executed on a computer, in order to execute on another computer, it must separate programmed, resulting in duplication of work. However, since the language used is for specific models of computers, the computational efficiency is the highest among all languages. Machine language is the first generation of computer language.

Assembly language

In order to alleviate the pain of using machine language programming, people have made a beneficial improvement: replace some binary strings of a specific instruction with some concise English letters and symbol strings, for example, use "ADD" for addition and "MOV" for data transfer and so on, so that it is easy to read and understand the program is doing, error correction and maintenance have become convenient, this programming language called assembly language, a second-generation computer language. However, the computer does not recognize these symbols, which requires a special program dedicated to translating symbols into binary machine language, which translated program is called assembler.

Assembly language is also very dependent on the machine hardware, and its portability is not good, but the efficiency is still very high. The assembly language program prepared for the specific hardware of the computer can accurately play the functions and specialties of the computer hardware. The program is refined and high quality, so it is still Is a commonly used and powerful software development tool.

Assembly language and machine language essence are the same, are operating directly on the hardware, but using the abbreviations instruction identifier , easier to recognize and remember. It also requires the programmer to write each specific operation in the form of commands.

Each instruction of the assembler can only correspond to a very small action in the actual operation process, such as moving and self-increasing, so the assembler source program is generally lengthy, complicated, and error-prone, and the use of assembly language programming requires more computers professional knowledge, but the advantage is obvious assembly language, assembly language can accomplish the operation is not an ordinary high-level language that can be achieved, and the compilation of source code generated by the executable file is not only smaller, but fast execution.

High level language

High-level languages ​​are: BASIC (True basic, Qbasic, Virtual Basic), C,

Computer Languages

C ++, PASCAL, FORTRAN, intelligent languages ​​(LISP, Prolog, CLIPS , OpenCyc, Fazzy), dynamic languages ​​(Python, PHP, Ruby, Lua), etc. -High-level language source programs can be executed in two ways: interpretation and compilation. The latter is usually used.

High-level languages ​​are the choice of most programmers. Compared with assembly language, it not only synthesizes many related machine instructions into a single instruction and removes details related to specific operations but not related to the completion of work, such as the use of stacks and registers, which greatly simplifies the instructions in the program. Since many details are omitted, programmers do not need to have much expertise. High-level language is mainly relative to assembly language, it does not refer to a specific language, but includes many programming languages, popular VB, VC, FoxPro, Delphi, etc. The syntax and command format of these languages ​​are Varies.

High-level language development

Special mention: Before the C language was born, the system software was mainly written in assembly language

Computer Languages

. Because assembly language programs depend on computer hardware, their readability and portability are poor; but the general high-level language is difficult to achieve direct operation on computer hardware (this is the advantage of assembly language), so people look forward to a kind of A new language with both assembly language and high-level language features-C language.

The development of high-level language has gone from early language to design structured programming language, from process-oriented to non-procedural programming language process. Correspondingly, the development of software has also been developed from industrialized, streamlined industrial production from the initial closed production of individual hand-workshops.

The next development goal of high-level languages ​​is application-oriented, that is to say: just need to tell the program what you want to do, the program can automatically generate algorithms and automatically process, this is a non-procedural programming language.

From the painful experience of communicating with a computer at the beginning, people realized that such a language should be designed, which is close to the language of mathematics or human natural language, and at the same time does not depend on computer hardware, the program can be compiled in all Universal on the machine. After hard work, in 1954, FORTRAN, the first high-level language completely separated from machine hardware, came out. Over the past 40 years, hundreds of high-level languages ​​have appeared, dozens of which are of great significance, with greater influence and more common use There are FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, BASIC, LISP, SNOBOL, PL / 1, Pascal, C, PROLOG, Ada, C ++, VC, VB, Delphi, JAVA and so on.

 

Programming language one , C language

C language has strong drawing ability, portability, and strong data processing ability, so it is suitable for writing system software, three-dimensional, two-dimensional graphics and animation. It is a high-level language for numerical calculation.

Programming language two , java

Java is an object-oriented programming language that can write cross-platform applications. It is a general term for the Java programming language and Java platform (that is, JavaSE, JavaEE, JavaME) launched by Sun Microsystems in May 1995. Java technology has excellent versatility, efficiency, platform portability and security, and is widely used in personal PCs, data centers, game consoles, scientific supercomputers, mobile phones and the Internet, and has the world's largest developer professional community .

Programming language three , C ++

The word C ++ is usually read as "C plus plus" in the programmer circle in mainland China, while the western e68a847a6431333363396433 programmers usually read as "C plus plus", "CPP". It is a very widely used computer programming language. C ++ is a general programming language that supports static data type checking and supports multiple programming paradigms. It supports multiple programming styles such as procedural programming, data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming.

Programming language four , php

PHP is the abbreviation of Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is an HTML-embedded language, a scripting language that is executed on the server side and embedded in HTML documents. The language style is similar to the C language and is widely used. Compared with other programming languages, the dynamic pages made with PHP are embedded in the HTML document to execute, the execution efficiency is much higher than the CGI that generates HTML tags completely; PHP can also execute the compiled code, and the compilation can be To achieve encryption and optimize code operation, make the code run faster.

Programming Language V. C #

C # is an object-oriented, high-level programming language running on the .NET Framework released by Microsoft Corporation. It is scheduled to appear on the Microsoft Professional Developer Forum (PDC). C # is the latest achievement of Microsoft researcher Anders Hejlsberg. C # looks surprisingly similar to Java; it includes processes such as single inheritance, interfaces, almost the same syntax as Java, and compilation into intermediate code before running.

Programming Language Six , BASIC

BASIC (Beginners 'All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, also translated as Peggy), meaning "beginners' universal symbolic instruction code", is a programming language designed for beginners . BASIC is a literal translation programming language . It can be executed without compiling and linking after the completion of writing, but if it needs to be executed separately, it still needs to be created as an executable file.

Programming Language VII . Delphi

It concentrates the advantages of the third generation language. Based on Object Pascal , it expands the object-oriented capabilities and perfectly combines visual development methods.

Programming Language VIII . PASCAL

Pascal is the earliest structured programming language with rich data types and concise and flexible operation statements, suitable for describing numerical and non-numeric problems.
Because of the above characteristics, the Pascal language can be conveniently used to describe various algorithms and data structures. Especially for beginners of programming, Pascal language is helpful to cultivate good programming style and habits. IOI (International Olympic Informatics Competition) regards Pascal language as one of the three programming languages, NOI (National Olympic Informatics Competition) regards Pascal language as the only programming language promoted, and Pascal language is also often used in universities Teaching language for learning data structures and algorithms.

Programming Language Nine , Python

It is an object-oriented interpretive computer programming language and a powerful and perfect general-purpose language. It has a development history of more than ten years, and is mature and stable. Python has the richest and most powerful class library in the scripting language, enough to support most everyday applications.

 

Scripting language

1. Scripting languages ​​(JavaScript, VBscrip, ASP, PHP, PERL, Nuva are all scripting languages) are between HTML and C, C ++, Java, C # and other programming languages.

HTML is commonly used to format and link text. The programming language is usually used to issue a series of complex instructions to the machine.

The scripting language does not need to be compiled, it can be used directly, and the interpreter is responsible for interpretation

 

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