CONTENTS
Lesson 1 simple sentence
The second sentence
Lesson 3: Nouns (phrases) and nominal clauses
Lesson 4 Attributive and Attributive Clause
Lesson 5 Adverbials and Adverbial Clauses
Special Structure of Lesson Six English
The beginning of the first lesson-simple sentences
1. What is an English sentence:
English sentences must have a subject-verb structure
And the subject must be the originator of the predicate action
If there is an object, the object must be the bearer of the predicate action
2. The basic structure of English sentences:
1）主谓 he died, he laughed.
2) Subject-predicate-object predicate: actual verb
3) the main table based predicate: copula
· State verb: be
· Persistent verbs: keep, remain, stay, lie, stand,
· Appearance verbs: seem, appear, look,
· Sensory verbs: feel, smell, sound, taste,
have taste for sth.
· Variation verbs: become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
· Termination verb: prove, turn out.
Common types of induction: be verb (am, is, are), sensory verb (feel, look, small, sound, taste, seem), "become" words (get, become, turn, grow), "remain" (remain )
4) Subject-verb + indirect object + direct object
I bought him a dog.
5) Subject-verb + object + object complement
You should keep the room clean and tidy.
Third, the composition of sentences- predicate
First, the part of speech
1. The components of the predicate: the tense real verb or copula acts as the predicate
2. Can there be more verbs:
· No more
· The predicate can only be a verb (phrase), and the verb (phrase) can only be a predicate
· All verbs without predicate become non-verbal structures-non-predicate verbs
1) After the verb + -ing, it means take the initiative or proceed
2) After the verb + -ed, it means passive or complete
3) to do, table purpose or future
Adverbial participle = independent subject
3. Can verbs be less
· can not be less
· No verb, no predicate
· When a sentence needs a verb, and there is no verb, + be verb, and the be verb has no meaning
You mother must be very beautiful.
I am against (preposition) you.
I am angry (adjective).
I agree(动词) with you.
Summary of predicates: In a sentence, there can be only one tense real verb or copula verb, and it acts as a predicate.
Second, the composition of the sentence-subject
1. The composition of the subject
2. The subject can not be less
If there is no subject
1) Add it as the subject: it must be related to the weather, temperature and time
2) There be sentence pattern, used when you hear "yes".
there exist/seem/remain...
3) Passive: All sentences that use personal pronouns as the subject can be considered passive.
Three situations are not passive:
When there is a preposition after the verb, there is no passive
Copula without passive
There is no passive when having the meaning of "having".
Third, the composition of sentences-object (subject) and predicate
Nouns serve as predicates
Pronouns serve as predicates
Non-predicate verbs as predicates
Clauses
Adjective
Prepositional Phrases as Prepositions-Cannot be Objects
The second sentence
1. What is a coordinate sentence
What is a parallel sentence is to connect two sentences with conjunctions.
How to write two sentences into one sentence: independent subject / coordinate sentence / subordinate sentence.
Common coordinate conjunctions
· 平行：and, not only...but also...
similarly equally likewise at the same time in the meanwhile
· 转折：but, yet, while,whereas
conversely unexpectedly unfortunately by contrast
· Choice: or
alternatively
· Progressive: then
besides furthermore moreover additionally subsequently in addition
· 因果：for(纯连词) so(纯所以连词)
therefore thus consequently as a result
只要写作上下句有逻辑关系，一定用逻辑关系词：连词、副词、介词和介词短语
连词与副词、介词短语的区别
· 使用连词时，有无逗号均可；其他关系词前要么加句号，要么加连词and
长难句分析：在分析长难句时，只要有并列连词出现，通常都有省略。
但是当连词连接两个单词时，当作没看见
那如何查找省略的内容呢？
如果连词后只有一个成分，那么连词前一定能找到对应成分。
如果连词后有多个对应成分，那么连词前至少能找到一个对应成分。
工作
Romance
爱好（生活）
第三课 名词（短语）和名词性从句
1、名词（短语）能做什么成分
主语/宾语/表语/同位语
2、什么是名词性从句
名词在句子中能够充当的成分，从句都可以充当，这就是名词性从句。
3、名词性从句的引导词
共将引导词分为3类：
并且英语中所有从句一定是“陈述句”形式=引导词+主语+谓语形式
1）that：当从句是陈述句时。并且that在从句中不充当任何成分也没有任何意思
2）whether：当从句是一般疑问句时。并且whether在从句不充当成分，翻译为是否
一般疑问句暗含“是否”意义，将疑问句变为陈述句。
3）所有的特殊疑问词：当从句是特殊疑问句时。
将特殊疑问句变为陈述句。
1）主语从句在写作中的应用
主语从句+同位语从句=写作满分句型
主语从句的满分句型：
把主语从句放在句末，用 it 作形式主语。
几个满分句型：
· It...that...
· It is apparent that...
· It looks beyond dispute that...
· It has been widely accepted that...
· It is universally acknowledged that...
· It keeps my argument that...
主语从句满分句型可以放在作文中任何句子前面，用来凑字数。
2）同位语从句在写作中的应用
同位语从句既可放在所解释的名词后也可放在句末(一般放在所解释名词后)
名词性从句考点分析——长难句分析
能够快速地识别各个名词性从句，并能快速翻译出来
1.如何识别主语从句
· 只要见到有引导词放到句首，并且从句后没有逗号隔开，就一定是主语从句
· 主语动词从句首开始到主句的谓语动词之前结束。除此以外，见到 It...that... 通常是主语从句
2.如何识别宾语从句
只要实义动词后有引导词，暂定为宾语从句（状语从句还没讲哦）
I wonder if I can pass the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.
If 翻译成 ‘是否’ 只能引导宾语从句，wether可引导所有名词性从句
3.如何识别表语从句
只要系动词后+引导词，即为表语从句。
4.如何识别同位语从句
只要名词后有引导词，则暂定为同位语从句（更可能是定语从句哦）