Reprinted from product strategy library http://www.pinlue.com/article/2020/02/2213/169958148312.html
With the advent of the Internet era of intelligent, smart home more and more devices: TV, tablet, game consoles, computers, mobile phones and so on throughout every corner of the home, while sharing data between devices demand becomes more and more intense. Such as synchronization, backup photos and videos on your phone, computer video viewing downloaded movie on your TV, mobile phones to take, storing high-definition movies, music, VLOG material and so on. This time at home to build a NAS storage server is a good choice, bring more convenience to home entertainment in the backup to ensure data security at the same time. In the enterprise, NAS also has a wide range of applications, its simple to deploy, easy expansion, file sharing, disaster recovery field has played an important role.
NAS storage server has many professional firms, such as Synology (Synology), Terra (TerraMaster), etc., strong hands of users can build their own open source DIY hardware. But these are not the topic of discussion today, today we talk about common shared access protocol NAS: NFS, SMB, FTP, WebDav, which fast speed, which is good compatibility, how to choose.
NFS
NFS (Network File System Network File System) is a distributed file system protocol, and strive client host can access the file server, and the process of accessing stored locally, as it was developed by Sun Microsystems (already acquired by Oracle), published in 1984, the latest version NFSv4.2 released in 2016. NFS-based open network computing remote procedure call (ONC RPC) protocol: an open, standard RFC protocol, any person or organization can implement it according to the standard.
NFS is usually used on Unix operating systems (such as Solaris, AIX and HP-UX) and other Unix-like operating systems (such as Linux and FreeBSD), while macOS and Windows systems also provide NFS implementation. But when mount the NFS share On a Windows system, due to the built-in Windows NFS client does not support long UTF-8, will cause Chinese files and directories appear garbled.
The advantage of NFS kernel directly support the deployment of simple, stable, simple protocols, high transmission efficiency.
NFS drawback is that there is no encryption and authorization functions, relying on IP address or host name only to determine whether the user can mount the shared directory of directories and files can not be specific ACL access control (NFSv4 previously). The usual practice is for authentication and encryption for NFS via Kerberos, but deployment configuration is too much trouble.
SMB / Samba
Samba is reimplemented SMB / CIFS (Server Message Block / Common Internet File System) network protocol, the resource can share files, printers and other local area network between different computers, and NFS functionality is similar.
Microsoft's SMB protocol was first designed for the special needs of their own, to achieve file sharing between the host print sharing with Microsoft does not support running on Linux. Famous hacker, Daniel Andrew Tridgell technology through reverse engineering, implemented on Linux SMB / CIFS compatible protocol, named Samba, to achieve the file sharing between Windows and Linux through the program.
The SMB protocol is C / S protocol type, clients can access the shared file systems on servers, printers and other resources through the protocol. By setting the "NetBIOS over TCP / IP", Samba not only share resources with local area network hosts can share resources with the computer world.
One of the advantages of SMB is good compatibility, in each platform gained wide support, including Windows, Linux, macOS and other system mount easy access. In addition SMB is also a variety of television, television boxes supported by default protocol, SMB can remotely play movies, music and pictures.
In addition SMB-end encryption, high security, rich configuration options, support for ACL and supports multiple user authentication modes.
SMB drawback is that the transmission efficiency is slightly lower, the speed is not stabilized, there will be fluctuations.
FTP
FTP (File Transfer ProtocoL) is a basic protocol TCP / IP application layer, usually port 22, is responsible for transfer files from one computer to another computer, and file transfer reliability. History FTP protocol has a long history, published the first edition of the FTP protocol to RFC 114 in 1971, after many years of development and improvement. Can refer to the FTP-called FTP protocol, FTP application also may refer.
Because FTP is expressly transmission security is not high, and later appeared SFTP and FTPS encrypted transmission and so on. One of the features of FTP user group is independent of the system, as long as the communication ports can be opened for easy access, it is particularly suitable for external network sharing, sharing some old software will often publish the download link via FTP.
FTP is mainly used for file upload and download between client and server, it does not apply to modify files on the server. Because FTP generally need to obtain a copy of the remote file, and then modify the copy, then the final copy of the modified file upload server.
FTP is simple convenient, easy to deploy, but FTP transmission efficiency is low, security is poor, it is not currently recommended.
WebDAV
Writing Web-based Distributed and Versioning (WebDAV) is an extension of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is conducive to collaboration between users to edit and manage documents stored on the Web server. WebDAV is defined by the working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 4918. Most modern operating systems provide built-in support for the WebDAV.
WebDAV request method extends the allowable standard HTTP header and HTTP verbs. Increase predicate include:
COPY copy resources from one URI to another URI
LOCK locks a resource. WebDAV support shared locks and exclusive locks.
MKCOL create a collection (ie, directory)
MOVE resources from one URI to another URI
PROPFIND retrieved from the Web resource properties that are stored in XML format. It is also overloaded to allow a structure to retrieve a set of remote system (also called directory hierarchy)
PROPPATCH change and delete the resource in a single atomic operation of a plurality of attributes
UNLOCK resource lock is released
WebDAV protocol created on the server for the users, change and move documents provide a framework. The most important function of the WebDAV protocol include:
Maintain or modify the properties of the date, name space management, and overwrite protection collection
Maintenance of properties including creating, deleting and querying file information
The ability to replicate the namespace management process in the server name space and a mobile web page
The process of creating a collection of various resources, delete and list
Dealing with protection cover lock file related functions
Since WebDAV is, all the HTTP HTTP advantages, including easy through the firewall, using HTTPS to transmit data, thus in many ways based alternative to FTP.
WebDAV can be deployed by such as Nginx or Apache Web server. WebDAV client also gained the support of many software, such as Office can be edited via WebDAV remote document.
