background
Development of java java application programmers, usually choose to use tomcat release, but:
how to take full control of tomcat, and let it play the best performance?
This interview is also a hot issue, with many years of practice, I was Li Fuchun, to sum up today.
Use the tomcat
download
Now the latest stable release is tomcat9, the download page: https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi
Download the difference between five kinds of package
Generally, we chose the core package running tomcat, or directly select docker mirrored to run;
tomcat directory Description:
installation
Directly extracted, unzip command:tar -zxvf tomcat-xxx.tar.gz
Starting and stopping
Follow the instructions in the guide running.txt two ways to start:
1， sh ${catalina.home}/bin/startup.sh
2, sh ${catalina.home}/bin/catalina.sh start
Corresponding to the two ways to stop tomcat:
1， sh ${catalina.home}/bin/shutdown.sh
2, sh ${catalina.home}/bin/catalina.sh stop
Journal
Log produced into four groups tomcat
1, catalina.date.out recently at all levels of logging;
2, localhost-date.log error log
Real-time View Log command: tail -f catalina.out
AJP protocol
Tomcat generally used to establish a connection with the other HTTP server.
For example, Apache + Tomcat do static and dynamic separation:
apache handle all static resources;
apache dynamic resource request forwarded by the Tomcat JK (load balancing components), by AJP protocol.
tomcat monitoring
Leave the default tomcat webapps under the ROOT, host-manager, manager application, you can monitor the status tomcat single node.
The default is not accessible, the need to add users and permissions to see, otherwise it will report 403;
A method of increasing: conf/tomcat-user.xml
<role rolename='admin' />
...
<user username='admin' password='admin' roles='admin,admin-gui,admin-script,
manager-script,manager-gui,manager-jmx,manager-status' />
Monitoring the following page:
server status: you can see the version information and tomcat jvm, the partition information jvm internal tomcat thread pool state;
manager-app: management of applications running under tomcat, provide control buttons, start, stop, restart, unloading, as well as non-stop service to install new applications;
host-manger: Providing the management virtual host, i.e., the alias configuration and the secondary path to the application tomcat.
tomcat tuning of IO
tomcat9 default use of java nio io process.
can be seen from the log and configuration files.
09-Apr-2020 07:46:27.606 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start
开始协议处理句柄["http-nio-8080"]
APR optimize IO
Use apr (Apache Portable Runtime), to solve the problem of asynchronous io from the operating system level, you can greatly improve performance.
If linux installed apr and tomcat-native, the tomcat started to support the apr;
NIO optimize the old version of BIO
If the old version of tomcat using BIO (the log can be seen), can be adjusted to NIO, adjustment method:
conf/server.xml
The old configuration:
<connector protocol="HTTP/1.1" />
The new configuration:
//tomcat6选择nio1
<connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" />
//tomcat8选择nio2,apr性能更好
<connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol" />
<connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol" />
tomcat thread pool tuning
tomcat not enabled by default thread pool, you can enable the thread pool threads to improve efficiency
Thread pool parameters:
Custom thread pool
<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
Enable Configuration Connector
<connector executor="tomcatThreadPool">
connector parameters
The tuning parameters tomcat jvm
GC optimization
#gc优化
JAVA_GC="-XX:SurvivorRatio=10
-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=15
-XX:NewRatio=2
-XX:+DisableExplicitGC
-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom"
jvm and optimized thread pool
JVM_LEVEL="info"
JVM_Xms="100m"
JVM_Xmx="2048m"
JVM_Xmn="600m"
JVM_Xss="256k"
TOMCAT_acceptCount=4096 线程可以接受的请求数量
TOMCAT_maxThreads=512 最大线程数
TOMCAT_minSpareThreads=512 初始线程数
summary
Benpian review the basics of the tomcat.
As well as some basic knowledge to use the built-in monitor tomcat monitoring of java applications.
Then combined with work experience, tomcat tuning from three aspects io, thread pool, jvm
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