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have multiple cores in the processor What are the benefits?
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One day Intel and AMD single-core processor found there is a limit, then they do not start a single-core multi-core processors on the road, in fact, to the single-core processors now almost disappeared in the PC and mobile phones. Single-core processors: Clearly ...... obviously I was here first, but ...... Why is this so?
16 core 32 thread processors will enter the mainstream market
In fact, it means want to be a powerful single-core processor, the difficulty is too high, want to improve the performance of single-core processor can not be on two roads, one to enhance processor IPC through improved infrastructure, the second is a direct upgrade frequency of the processor. Improved architecture requires a lot of time and resources, do not look now Intel and AMD came out a year to get a new architecture, in fact most of the time they are in the original architecture of a minor adjustment to improve performance, it will not only easier and faster , but not easy to overturn. Although major changes in infrastructure could bring greater performance, but also sometimes come up with an unsuitable product and great rout, good positive example is Intel's Core, Sandy Bridge and AMD's Zen architecture, and is counter-examples Intel's Pentium 4 and AMD bulldozer processors.
And I want to upgrade the processor frequency is not a simple matter, and the frequency of the processor not only about architecture, larger and process technology used in the relationship, in essence, is Moore's Law has expired, this affected the semiconductor industry for 50 years the golden rule with the arrival of the physical limits of silicon chips has expired, from the 28nm node after the fact did not bring significant performance improvements and power consumption problems are more serious.
We all know that the more advanced theory, process technology (the process the smaller the number), CPU will be higher performance, power consumption, heat will be lower, but in fact, this problem is very complex, CPU power consumption can be divided into static power consumption (Static power) and dynamic power consumption (the dynamic power), the former is mainly due to leakage current, the more advanced processes have the leak current tends to increase, and the dynamic power consumption can be calculated by 1/2 * CV2F this formula, F the frequency high dynamic power consumption is higher.
For higher frequencies, voltage increase is inevitable, but also high-voltage high-power, in short, static power, dynamic power of existence determines the higher the CPU frequency, power consumption will increase speed, it will seriously affect the performance of the processor, because down.
Intel 14nm polished for many years
Slowdown in process technology results in CPU frequency can not be significantly improved, there are a lot of people think that there is not very cattle CPU architecture enables IPC performance boost it? This idea is theoretically possible, but the reality is very cruel, CPU architecture still have to obey the laws of physics of semiconductor technology, there is no advanced technology, even the best CPU architecture can not be realized.
Overall difficulty lifting single-core performance is actually quite high, and that there are no quick and easy method to enhance CPU performance of it? Of course there is the matter, and the reason we should know everything, hands working fast enough, plus more than a pair of hands on the line, is the same to the CPU, stacked more cores can easily make double the performance, although this It will increase the cost of production of the processor, but compared to the cost of research and development of a new architecture, which is nothing.
Intel Nehalem architecture
Mainstream CPU from single core to dual-core, upgrade from dual-core to quad-core speed quickly, but quad-core processor to do mainstream consumer-level flagship platform for a long time (AMD's six-core processors K10.5 real sense of presence is not high, for those bulldozers I do not know that it is an eight-core eight threads or four modules well) until the sharp AMD Opteron processors turned out to mainstream platform gradually move to eight-core, 16 this year, AMD will Zen 2 core processor market, Intel's Comet Lake 10-core processor is also ready for release this year, the multi-core processor development is the trend now, of course, can maximize the performance of multicore processors have to look at the program multi-thread optimized, if the program can not call so much so multi-threaded kernel, then you can not play the advantages of multi-core, this is going hard programmers.