使用Spring MVC3构建Web应用详细教程

【IT168 应用】本文将指导大家如何使用Spring MVC3去构建一个Web应用。在Spring MVC中，所有的用户请求都会被派发到控制器模块，控制器然后再根据业务逻辑去调用数据访问层获得数据，最后通过JSP视图返回。

　　在动手之前，我们先准备好我们的环境，需要的是JDK 1.5以上以及Eclipse IDE，当然还要下载最新版本的Spring 3，本文还要下载最新版本的ant,以便我们学习如何通过ant去构建应用。

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第一步

　　首先在Eclipse中利用新建菜单，建立一个Dynamic Web Project(动态Web工程),命名为SampleSpringMVC,接下来，我们要建立一个ant.xml的文件，这个文件会方便我们把做好的程序打包成war文件，这个可以有如下几步去实现：

　　1、点文件—新建—文件，如下图：

使用Spring MVC3构建Web应用

　　2、输入ant.xml作为文件名，并点完成。如下图：

使用Spring MVC3构建Web应用

　　3、打开ant.xml文件，编辑内容如下：

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<? xml version = " 1.0 " ?>
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< project name = " SampleSpringMVC " basedir = " . " default = " build " >
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< property file = " ant.properties " />
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< property name = " src.dir " value = " src " />
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< property name = " war.dir " value = " war " />
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< property name = " build.dir " value = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/classes " />
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< property name = " deploy.path " value = " ${tomcat.home}/webapps " />
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< property name = " name " value = " SampleSpringMVC " />
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< path id = " master-classpath " >
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< fileset dir = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/lib " >
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< include name = " *.jar " />
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</ fileset >
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< fileset dir = " ${tomcat.home}/lib " >
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< include name = " servlet*.jar " />
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</ fileset >
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< pathelement path = " ${build.dir} " />
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</ path >
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< target name = " build " description = " Compile main source tree java files " >
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< echo > Building... </ echo >
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< mkdir dir = " ${build.dir} " />
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< javac destdir = " ${build.dir} " failonerror = " true " >
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< src path = " ${src.dir} " />
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< classpath refid = " master-classpath " />
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</ javac >
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</ target >
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< target name = " war-archiving " >
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< echo > Archiving... </ echo >
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< war destfile = " ${name}.war " webxml = " ${war.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml " >
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< fileset dir = " ${war.dir} " >
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< include name = " **/*.* " />
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</ fileset >
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</ war >
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</ target >
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< target name = " deploy " depends = " build " >
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< echo > Deploying... </ echo >
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< copy todir = " ${deploy.path} " >
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< fileset dir = " . " >
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< include name = " *.war " />
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</ fileset >
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</ copy >
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</ target >
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</ project >

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第二步

　　建立一个ant.properties文件，该文件会存放一些值的属性，并且这些值也会是ant.xml中用到的。请按如下步骤实现：

　　1)点文件—新建-文件

　　2) 将文件命名为ant.properties,并点完成，如下图：

Spring MVC3构建Web应用第二步

　　3)打开ant.properties,修改tomcat.home的目录为你安装tomcat的实际目录。

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tomcat.home = C: / Tools / apache - tomcat - 6.0 . 2
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tomcat.lib = $ {tomcat.home} / lib

　　下载下面列表的.jar文件，并放到SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/lib下。

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commons - logging.jar
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jstl - api - 1.2 .jar
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jstl.jar
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org.springframework.asm - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.beans - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.context - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.core - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.expression - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.web - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.web.servlet - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
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standard.jar

　　按如下修改web.xml：

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< web - app id = " WebApp_ID " version = " 2.4 "
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xmlns = " http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee " xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
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xsi:schemaLocation = " http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd " >
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< display - name > SampleSpringMVC </ display - name >
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< servlet >
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< servlet - name > SampleSpringMVC </ servlet - name >
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< servlet - class > org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </ servlet - class >
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< load - on - startup > 1 </ load - on - startup >
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</ servlet >
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< servlet - mapping >
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< servlet - name > SampleSpringMVC </ servlet - name >
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< url - pattern >* .htm </ url - pattern >
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</ servlet - mapping >
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< welcome - file - list >
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< welcome - file > index.jsp </ welcome - file >
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</ welcome - file - list >
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</ web - app >

　　创建index.jsp,这个只需要在war/WEB-INF下建立即可，并且将内容设置为如下：

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<% @ page language = " java " session = " false " contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
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<% @ taglib prefix = " c " uri = " http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core " %>
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< html >
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< head >
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< title > Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC </ title >
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</ head >
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< body >
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< h2 > Adobocode : Hello World </ h2 >
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< a href = " <c:url value= " personDisplay.htm " /> " > Person List </ a >
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</ body >
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</ html >

　　Spring MVC3构建Web应用第三步

　　在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF中建立文件SampleSpringMVC-servlet.xml，并将内容修改如下：

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<? xml version = " 1.0 " encoding = " UTF-8 " ?>
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< beans xmlns = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans "
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xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
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xmlns:p = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/p "
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xmlns:context = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/context "
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xsi:schemaLocation = "
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http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
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< bean class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping " />
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< bean class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter " />
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< context:component - scan base - package = " paul.sydney.controller " />
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< context:component - scan base - package = " paul.sydney.service " />
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< bean id = " viewResolver " class = " org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver " >
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< property name = " viewClass " >< value > org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView </ value ></ property >
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< property name = " prefix " >< value >/ WEB - INF / jsp /</ value ></ property >
30<span

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2011-06-24 17:08
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