spring基于xml配置文件和基于注解方式入门案例实现

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本文链接： https://blog.csdn.net/shunli008/article/details/100181897

1.基于xml方式

引入相关的jar包

    <!--springmvc需要的jar包-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--servlet相关包-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

配置web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--配置servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--配置springmvc.xml的路径-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

配置为根目录，当访问网站时，读取springmvc.xml文件中的配置
当访问/test 时调用 com.shunli.handler.MyHandler ，进行相应数据处理，然后访问视图层的show.jsp

配置springmvc.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--配置HandlerMapping, 将url请求映射到Handler-->
    <bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <!--配置mapping-->
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="/test">testHandler</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!--配置Handler-->
    <bean id="testHandler" class="com.shunli.handler.MyHandler"></bean>

    <!--配置视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <!--配置后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

MyHandler.java

package com.shunli.handler;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

/**
 * @author shunli
 */
public class MyHandler implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        //装载模型数据和逻辑视图
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        //添加模型数据
        modelAndView.addObject("name", "Tom");
        //添加逻辑视图
        modelAndView.setViewName("show");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

2.基于注解方式

与xml不同的是不需要配置这两个bean

<bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<bean id="testHandler" class="com.shunli.handler.MyHandler"></bean>

首先配置springmvc2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <!-- 其中base-package属性指定需要扫描的基类包，spring容器将会扫描这个基类包及其子包中的所有类 -->
    <!-- 当需要扫描多个包时，可以使用逗号分隔 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.shunli.handler"></context:component-scan>

    <!--配置视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <!--配置后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

AnnotationHandler.java

package com.shunli.handler;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class AnnotationHandler {

    /*
    第一种方式
     */
    @RequestMapping("/modelAndviewview")
    public ModelAndView modelAndViewTest(){
        //装载模型数据和逻辑视图
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        //添加模型数据
        modelAndView.addObject("name","Tom");
        //添加逻辑视图
        modelAndView.setViewName("show");
        return  modelAndView;
    }

    /*
    第二种
     */
    @RequestMapping("/model")
    public String modelTest(Model model){
        //添加模型数据
        model.addAttribute("name", "Jerry");
        //设置逻辑视图
        return "show";
    }

    /*
    第三种
     */
    @RequestMapping("/cat")
    public String MapTest(Map<String, String> map){
        //添加模型数据
        map.put("name", "Cat");
        return "show";
    }
}