关键字驱动测试框架搭建（2）

2、练习：使用excel，使用关键字驱动，实现一个搜狗搜索
4个关键字：访问某个网站、输入文字、点击搜索按钮、断言
普通脚本如下：
test_no_keyword.py

#encoding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = "D:\\geckodriver")
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get("http://www.sogou.com")
search_box = driver.find_element_by_id("query")
search_box.send_keys(u"光荣之路 吴老师")
button = driver.find_element_by_id("stb")
button.click()
time.sleep(3)

assert u"财富自由" in driver.page_source

driver.quit()

关键字驱动如下：
Excel数据列
动作（方法名），定位方式，定位表达式，操作值，执行结果
browser,,,firefox
visit_url,,,http://www.sogou.com
input,id,query,光荣之路 吴老师
click,id,stb
sleep,,,2
assert_word,,,财富自由
quit,,,

需要将以上数据通过框架拼接成可执行函数调用，再通过eval执行
browser("firefox")
visit_url("http://www.sogou.com")
input("id","query",u"光荣之路 吴老师")
click("id","stb")
sleep(2)
assert_word(u"财富自由")
quit()


创建一个工程sogou_search_keyword_driven
工程下创建一个包Util，项下放解析Excel的模块
ParseExcel.py，解析Excel类，内容如下：

# encoding=utf-8
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, Font
import time


class ParseExcel(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.workbook = None
        self.excelFile = None
        self.font = Font(color = None) #设置字体的颜色
        #颜色对应的RGB值
        self.RGBDict = {"red":"FFFF0303","green":"FF008B00"}

    def loadWorkbook(self,excelPathAndName):
        #将excel文件加载到内存，并获取其workbook对象
        try:
            self.workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelPathAndName)
        except Exception,e:
            raise e
        self.excelFile = excelPathAndName
        return self.workbook

    def getSheetByName(self,sheetName):
        #根据sheet名获取该sheet对象
        try:
            sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)
            return sheet
        except Exception,e:
            raise e

    def getSheetByIndex(self,sheetIndex):
        #根据sheet的索引号获取该sheet对象
        try:
            sheetName = self.workbook.get_sheet_names()[sheetIndex]
        except Exception,e:
            raise e
        sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)
        return sheet

    def getRowsNumber(self,sheet):
        #获取sheet中有数据区域的结束行号
        return sheet.max_row

    def getColsNumber(self,sheet):
        #获取sheet中有数据区域的结束列号
        return sheet.max_column

    def getStartRowNumber(self,sheet):
        #获取sheet中有数据区域的开始行号
        return sheet.min_row

    def getStartColNumber(self,sheet):
        #获取sheet中有数据区域的开始列号
        return sheet.min_column

    def getRow(self,sheet,rowNo):
        #获取sheet中某一行，返回的是这一行所有的数据内容组成的tuple
        #下标从1开始，sheet.rows[1]表示第一行
        try:
            rows = []
            for row in sheet.iter_rows():
                rows.append(row)
            return rows[rowNo - 1]
        except Exception , e:
            raise e

    def getColumn(self,sheet,colNo):
        #获取sheet中某一列，返回的是这一列所有数据内容组成的tuple
        #下标从1开始，sheet,columns[1]表示第一列
        try:
            cols = []
            for col in sheet.iter_cols():
                cols.append(col)
            return cols[colNo - 1]
        except Exception,e:
            raise e

    def getAllRows(self,sheet):
        #获取sheet中所有行
        try:
            rows = []
            for row in sheet.iter_rows():
                rows.append(row)
            return rows
        except Exception , e:
            raise e

    def getAllColumns(self,sheet):
        #获取sheet中所有列
        try:
            cols = []
            for col in sheet.iter_cols():
                cols.append(col)
            return cols
        except Exception,e:
            raise e

    def getCellOfValue(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None):
        #根据单元格所在的位置索引获取该单元格的值，坐标从1开始
        #sheet.cell(row = 1,column = 1).value 表示excel中第一行第一列的值
        if coordinate != None:
            try:
                return sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value
            except Exception,e:
                raise e
        elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:
            try:
                return sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value
            except Exception,e:
                raise e
        else:
            raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!")

    def getCellOfObject(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None):
        #获取某个单元格的对象，可以根据单元格所在位置的数字索引，
        #也可以直接根据excel中单元格的编码及坐标
        #如getCellOfObject(sheet,corrdinate = "A1") 或者
        #getCellOfObject(sheet,rowNo = 1,colNo = 1)
        if coordinate != None:
            try:
                return sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate)
            except Exception,e:
                raise e
        elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:
            try:
                return sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo)
            except Exception,e:
                raise e
        else:
            raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!")

    def writeCell(self,sheet,content,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None,style = None):
        #根据单元格在excel中的编码位置或者数字索引坐标向单元格中写入数据
        #下标从1开始，参数style表示字体颜色的名称，比如，red , green
        if coordinate != None:
            try:
                sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = content
                if style is not None:
                    sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color = self.RGBDict[style])
                self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)
            except Exception,e:
                raise e
        elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:
            try:
                sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value = content
                if style is not None:
                     sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color=self.RGBDict[style])
                self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)
            except Exception,e:
                raise e
        else:
            raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!")

    def writeCelCurrentTime(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None,style = None):
        #写入当前时间，下标从1开始
        now = int(time.time()) #显示为时间戳
        timeArray = time.localtime(now)
        currentTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",timeArray)
        if coordinate != None:
            try:
                sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = currentTime
                self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)
            except Exception,e:
                raise e
        elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:
            try:
                sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value = currentTime
                self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)
            except Exception,e:
                raise e
        else:
            raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    pe = ParseExcel()
    pe.loadWorkbook("D:\\PythonProject\\keyword_driven_frame\\sogou_search_keyword_driven\\test_data_test.xlsx")
    print u"通过名称获取sheet对象的名字:",pe.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤").title
    print u"通过index获取sheet对象的名字:", pe.getSheetByIndex(0).title
    sheet = pe.getSheetByIndex(0)
    print type(sheet)
    print "max row number:",pe.getRowsNumber(sheet)
    print "max column Number:",pe.getColsNumber(sheet)
    row = pe.getRow(sheet,1) #获取第一行
    for i in row:
        print i.value
    #获取第一行第一列单元格内容
    print "*" * 50
    print pe.getCellOfValue(sheet,rowNo = 1,colNo = 1)
    pe.writeCell(sheet,u"我爱中国",rowNo = 10,colNo = 10)
    pe.writeCelCurrentTime(sheet,rowNo = 10,colNo = 11)

测试数据文件直接存放在工程目录下：
test_data.xslx中的“测试步骤”sheet数据如下：
动作                 定位方式                定位表达式                      操作值                             执行结果
broswer                                                                                  firefox    
visit_url                                                                                   http://www.sogou.com    
input                  id                             query                             光荣之路 吴老师    
click                  xpath                       //*[@id='stb']        
sleep                                                                                       2    
assert_word                                                                            自由    
quit

再创建一个包Action，存放关键字方法：
PageAction.py内容如下：

#encoding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = ""
#定义函数
def browser(browser_name):
    global driver #声明全局变量
    try:
        if browser_name.lower() == "firefox":
            driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = "D:\\geckodriver")
    except Exception,e:
        raise e

def visit_url(url):
    global driver  # 声明全局变量
    try:
        driver.get(url)
    except Exception, e:
        raise e

def input(locate_method,locate_expression,content):
    global driver  # 声明全局变量
    try:
        # 添加显式等待
        driver.find_element(locate_method,locate_expression).send_keys(content)
    except Exception, e:
        raise e

def click(locate_method,locate_expression):
    global driver  # 声明全局变量
    try:
        # 添加显式等待
        driver.find_element(locate_method,locate_expression).click()
    except Exception, e:
        raise e

def sleep(sleep_time):
    global driver  # 声明全局变量
    try:
        time.sleep(int(sleep_time))
    except Exception, e:
        raise e

def quit():
    global driver  # 声明全局变量
    try:
        driver.quit()
    except Exception, e:
        raise e

def assert_word(word):
    global driver  # 声明全局变量
    try:
        assert word in driver.page_source
    except Exception, e:
        raise e
        

在工程目录下创建测试脚本：
run.py内容如下：

#encoding=utf-8
from Util import ParseExcel
from Action.PageAction import *
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")

test_data_excel = ParseExcel.ParseExcel()
test_data_excel.loadWorkbook("test_data.xlsx")
#测试解析Excel，可以删除
print u"通过名称获取sheet对象的名字：",test_data_excel.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤").title
test_data_sheet = test_data_excel.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤")

row_num = test_data_excel.getRowsNumber(test_data_sheet)
print "Total Rows:",row_num
for i in range(1,row_num+1):
    print test_data_excel.getRow(test_data_sheet,i)

print "=" * 50
col_num = test_data_excel.getColsNumber(test_data_sheet)
print "Total Columns:",col_num
for j in range(1,col_num+1):
    print test_data_excel.getColumn(test_data_sheet,j)

print "*" * 50

#遍历文件，开始进行测试
for i in range(1,row_num):
    # for j in range(col_num-1): #行号是固定的，然后按列号遍历，获取每一行，结果列不需要读取
    #     print test_data_excel.getRow(test_data_sheet,i)[j].value
    row = test_data_excel.getAllRows(test_data_sheet)[i]
    print "-" * 50
    print u"行号：",row[0].value
    action =  row[1].value
    locate_method = row[2].value
    locate_expression = row[3].value
    operate_value = row[4].value

    print action,locate_method,locate_expression,operate_value

    print "+" * 50
    #拼接字符串
    #excel中组合情况有四种，即：（定位方式+定位表达式）和操作值为空或不空的组合情况
    #定位方式和定位表达式只能同时存在或同时为空，所以可以当作是一个字段
    #遍历组合情况，拼接不同形式的字符串
    #将定位表达式中的单引号替换成双引号，因在后面拼接字符串时需要用单引号去包括参数
    #所以需要进行替换，或者用双引号包括参数，则excel中的定位表达式需要用单引号
    #两种情况取一种
    test_step = ""
    if action and locate_method is None and operate_value:
        test_step = action + "('" + str(operate_value) + "')"
        print test_step
    elif action and locate_method and locate_expression and operate_value:
        #加u后拼接会报错，需要使用sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
        test_step = action + "('" + locate_method + "','" + locate_expression.replace("\'","\"") + "',u'" + str(operate_value) + "')"
        print test_step
    elif action and locate_method and locate_expression and operate_value is None:
        test_step = action + "('" + locate_method + "','" + locate_expression.replace("\'","\"") + "')"
        print test_step
    elif action and locate_method is None and locate_expression is None and operate_value is None:
        test_step = action + "()"
        print test_step
    try:
        eval(test_step)
        #执行成功，在结果列中写入“Success”
        test_data_excel.writeCell(test_data_sheet,"Success",rowNo = i+1,colNo = 6)
    except Exception,e:
        #执行失败，在结果列中写入“Fail”
        test_data_excel.writeCell(test_data_sheet, "Fail", rowNo= i+1, colNo=6)

以上内容为一个简单的关键字驱动框架，真正的框架核心思想也是如此，通过拼接字符串，拼接出想要的函数调，再用eval执行每一步，只不过真正的框架中封装了更多的方法