Java根据文档对象模型解析XML

一般会用到3种类型节点：

1元素节点，2属性节点，3文本节点

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Node {
    // NodeType
    /**
     * The node is an <code>Element</code>.
     */
    public static final short ELEMENT_NODE              = 1;
    /**
     * The node is an <code>Attr</code>.
     */
    public static final short ATTRIBUTE_NODE            = 2;
    /**
     * The node is a <code>Text</code> node.
     */
    public static final short TEXT_NODE                 = 3;

文件text.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<root name="根目录">
	我
	<item name="name" value="小张"/>
	和
	<item name="name" value="小王">漂亮的</item>
	你
</root>

文件Text.java

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		showChilds();
		
		//showType();
	}
	
	//展示子节点，判断类型
	public static void showChilds() {
		//String xmlStr = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?><root name=\"根目录\">成功</root>";
		//Document document = parse2Doc(xmlStr);
		Document document = parse2Doc(Test.class.getResourceAsStream("test.xml"));
		
		//根元素
		System.out.println("-----------根元素------------");
		Element root= document.getDocumentElement();
		System.out.println("类型:" + root.getNodeType());
		System.out.println("文本内容:" + root.getTextContent().replaceAll("\n", "").replace("\t", ""));
		System.out.println();
		
		//属性节点
		System.out.println("-----------属性节点------------");
		Attr attr1 = root.getAttributeNode("name");
		System.out.println("名:" + attr1.getNodeName());
		System.out.println("类型:" + attr1.getNodeType());
		System.out.println("值:" + attr1.getValue());
		System.out.println();
		
		//根节点下子节点（注:得到元素节点和文本节点）。“我” “和” “你” 三个文本节点
		System.out.println("-----------子节点------------");
		NodeList nodeList = root.getChildNodes();
		System.out.println("子节点个数：" + nodeList.getLength());
		for (int i = 0, size = nodeList.getLength(); i < size; i++) {
			Node node = nodeList.item(i);
			if(node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
				System.out.println("元素节点：" + ((Element)node).getAttributeNode("value"));
			} else if(node.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
				System.out.println("文本节点：" + ((Text)node).getWholeText().trim());
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}
	
	//显示展示不同类型节点
	public static void showType() {
		Document document = parse2Doc(Test.class.getResourceAsStream("test.xml"));
		Element root= document.getDocumentElement();
		NodeList nodeList = root.getElementsByTagName("item");
		for (int i = 0, size = nodeList.getLength(); i < size; i++) {
			//元素节点
			Node node = nodeList.item(i);
			System.out.println("元素节点文本内容：" + node.getTextContent());
			//属性节点
			NamedNodeMap nodeMap = node.getAttributes();
			for(int j = 0, jsize = nodeMap.getLength(); j < jsize; j++) {
				Node attrNode = nodeMap.item(j);
				System.out.println("属性节点" + attrNode);
			}
			System.out.println();
		}
	}
	
	public static Document parse2Doc(InputStream xmlIns) {
		Document document = null;
		try {
			document = buildDocBuilder().parse(xmlIns);
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SAXException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return document;
	}
	
	public static Document parse2Doc(String xmlStr) {
		Document document = null;
		try {
			document = buildDocBuilder().parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(xmlStr.getBytes("utf-8")));
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SAXException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return document;
	}
	
	public static DocumentBuilder buildDocBuilder() {
		DocumentBuilder builder = null;
		try {
			builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
		} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return builder;
	}
	
}