1.Cucumber介绍
+ feature : read requirement
+scenario : testing situation,including
+ Given/
+ when/
+ thenFeature：用来描述我们需要测试的功能
Scenario: 用来描述测试场景
Given： 前置条件
When: 描述测试步骤
Then: 断言
features：用来存放自然语言的用例文件
step_definitions：用来存放java代码实现的测试用例
jars：cucumber-jvm的相关jar包都放在这里
implementation：存放被测试的代码，也就是项目的实现文件
refer link：
https://docs.cucumber.io/guides/10-minute-tutorial/
https://docs.cucumber.io/guides/browser-automation/
2。使用步骤
2.1 引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
<version>1.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>gherkin</artifactId>
<version>2.12.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Cucumber Tag related jars (start) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-server-standalone</artifactId>
<version>3.12.0</version>
</dependency>2.2新建test.future文件
Feature: Is it Friday yet?
Everybody wants to know when it's Friday
Scenario: Sunday isn't Friday
Given today is Sunday
When I ask whether it's Friday yet
Then I should be told "Nope"2.3在resource目录下创建cucumber.bat,执行bat，cucumber会读取test2.feature文件的内容，生成step定义代码,把这个生成的内容，粘贴进去自己定义的java类里com/cucumber/hellocucumber/Stepdefs.java：
@Given("^today is Sunday$")
public void today_is_Sunday() throws Throwable {
// Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
throw new PendingException();
}
@When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
// Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
throw new PendingException();
}
@Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void i_should_be_told(String arg1) throws Throwable {
// Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
throw new PendingException();
}
2。4编写测试类
在com/cucumber/hellocucumber目录下面编写com/cucumber/hellocucumber。java类，用junit执行run一下。会自动去读取
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features={"src/main/resources/features"})
public class RunCucumberTest {
}一般用junit执行run一下，都会发现很多PendingException这时候就需要编写代码，使测试通过。
2.5编写代码使TodoSteps.java方法执行通过
public class Stepdefs {
private String today;
private String actualAnswer;
@Given("^today is Sunday$")
public void today_is_Sunday() throws Throwable {
this.today = "Sunday";
}
@When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
this.actualAnswer = IsItFriday.isItFriday(today);
}
@Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void i_should_be_told(String expectedAnswer) throws Throwable {
assertEquals(expectedAnswer, actualAnswer);
}
}
IsItFriday。java 如下：
public class IsItFriday {
static String isItFriday(String today) {
if (today.equals("Friday")) {
return "TGIF";
}
return "Nope";
}
}
3.Using variables and examples
3.1 use
Feature: Is it Friday yet?
Everybody wants to know when it's Friday
Scenario Outline: Today is or is not Friday
Given today is "<day>"
When I ask whether it's Friday yet
Then I should be told "<answer>"
Examples:
| day | answer |
| Friday | TGIF |
| Sunday | Nope |
| anything else! | Nope |
3.2 define the step class
@Given("^today is \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void today_is(String today) throws Throwable {
// Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
this.today = today;
//throw new PendingException();
}
@When("^I ask whether it's Friday yet$")
public void i_ask_whether_it_s_Friday_yet() throws Throwable {
this.actualAnswer = IsItFriday.isItFriday(today);
}
@Then("^I should be told \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void i_should_be_told(String expectedAnswer) throws Throwable {
assertEquals(expectedAnswer, actualAnswer);
}4。Browser Automation
Cucumber本身不是一个浏览器自动化测试工具，但是通过和Selenium WebDriver结合可以完成一些简单的浏览器自动化测试工作。
4.1 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-server-standalone</artifactId>
<version>3.12.0</version>
</dependency>
4.2prepare
如果你使用的时候chrom浏览器，那么需要在系统属性里面设置chromedriver.exe的路径
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:/swdtools/Chrome/chromedriver.exe");4.3定义feature文件web.feature
Feature: search cheese on google
Scenario: Finding some cheese
Given I am on the Baidu search page
When I search for "Cheese!"
Then the page title should start with "cheese"4.4定义step类
public class ExampleSteps {
private final WebDriver driver = WebDriverFactory.createWebDriver();
@Given("^I am on the Baidu search page$")
public void I_visit_google() {
driver.get("https:\\www.baidu.com");
}
@When("^I search for \"(.*)\"$")
public void search_for(String query) {
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));
// Enter something to search for
element.sendKeys(query);
// Now submit the form. WebDriver will find the form for us from the element
element.submit();
}
@Then("^the page title should start with \"(.*)\"$")
public void checkTitle(String titleStartsWith) {
// Google's search is rendered dynamically with JavaScript
// Wait for the page to load timeout after ten seconds
new WebDriverWait(driver,10L).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
return d.getTitle().toLowerCase().startsWith("cheese");
// Should see: "cheese! -Google Search"
}
});
}
@After()
public void closeBrowser() {
driver.quit();
}
}
4.5编写测试类
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features={"src/main/resources/features"})
public class RunCucumberTest {
}