Linux软件包管理之3——源码包管理

版权声明：本文为 [onefine] 原创文章，转载请注明出处。 https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/86653703

Linux软件包管理

1. rpm命令管理 https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/86619233
2. yum在线命令 https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/86653645
3. 源码包管理 https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/86653703
4. 脚本安装包 https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/86655625

---

三、 源码包管理

源码包和RPM包的区别

1. 安装之前的区别：概念上的区别
2. 安装之后的区别：安装位置不同

RPM包安装位置

• 是安装在默认位置中(由包编写者决定)

RPM包默认安装路径(这个只是推荐的位置)
/etc/	配置文件安装目录
/usr/bin/	可执行的命令安装目录
/usr/lib/	程序所使用的函数库保存位置
/usr/share/doc/	基本的软件使用手册保存位置
/usr/share/man/	帮助文件保存位置

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql httpd
/etc/httpd
/etc/httpd/conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d
/etc/httpd/conf.d/README
/etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-dav.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-lua.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-systemd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/01-cgi.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/magic
/etc/httpd/logs
/etc/httpd/modules
/etc/httpd/run
/etc/logrotate.d/httpd
/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
/etc/sysconfig/httpd
/run/httpd
/run/httpd/htcacheclean
/usr/lib/systemd/system/htcacheclean.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/httpd.conf
/usr/lib64/httpd
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_access_compat.so
...
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/configtest
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/graceful
/usr/sbin/apachectl
...
/var/cache/httpd
/var/cache/httpd/proxy
/var/lib/dav
/var/log/httpd
/var/www
/var/www/cgi-bin
/var/www/html
[root@localhost ~]# 

rpm安装可以指定安装位置

[root@localhost ~]# rpm --help | grep prefix
  --prefix=<dir>                   如果可重定位，便把软件包重定位到 <dir>
[root@localhost ~]# 

rpm包安装过程中，建议不要指定安装位置，以防系统找不到。
但不指定安装位置又会导致包安装得到处都是，所以rpm提供了rpm -e 包名来方便卸载，就免除去找一个个目录去删除的麻烦。

安装位置不同带来的影响

RPM包安装的服务可以使用系统服务管理命令(service)来管理，例如RPM包安装的apache的启动方法是：

• /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start这里有问题
• service httpd start这里有问题

我执行的时候出现了错误(原因在后面安装源码包的时候会解释)

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start
-bash: /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /etc/rc.d/init.d/
总用量 40
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    70 1月  23 17:35 .
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root   127 1月  23 17:35 ..
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 18104 1月   3 2018 functions
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root  4334 1月   3 2018 netconsole
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root  7293 1月   3 2018 network
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  1160 4月  11 2018 README
[root@localhost ~]#  #...这个不行，试一试第二个
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built:   Apr 20 2018 18:10:38
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name 'httpd'
/run/httpd
/etc/logrotate.d/httpd
/etc/sysconfig/httpd
/etc/httpd     # 由此确定Apache被安装的地方是/etc/httpd
/var/log/httpd
/var/cache/httpd
/usr/sbin/httpd
/usr/lib64/httpd
/usr/share/httpd
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /etc/httpd/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root   92 1月  25 20:04 .
drwxr-xr-x. 141 root root 8192 1月  25 20:04 ..
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   37 1月  25 20:04 conf
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   82 1月  25 20:04 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  166 1月  25 20:04 conf.modules.d
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   19 1月  25 20:04 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   29 1月  25 20:04 modules -> ../../usr/lib64/httpd/modules
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   10 1月  25 20:04 run -> /run/httpd
#...开启
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start httpd.service
Job for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
#...按着它的说法来
[root@localhost ~]#  /bin/systemctl start httpd.service
Job for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@localhost ~]# ...^C
#...还是报错，那我先停止服务，然后重启httpd？
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service
[root@localhost ~]#  /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service
[root@localhost ~]# /bin/systemctl start httpd.service
Job for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@localhost ~]# 

还是不行。。。cao

还没解决，但发现一个思路：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiandedanteng/p/5229658.html

别纠结，后面会讲到原因。

注：service命令实际上搜索的是/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录,源码包是自定义安装位置，而不会安装在此目录里，使用源码包是不能通过service命令来启动的。

源码包安装位置

安装在指定位置当中，一般是/usr/local/软件名/

源码包为啥要指定安装位置？

源码包没有卸载命令(不同于RPM包)

源码包安装的服务不能被服务管理命令管理,因为没有安装到默认路径中。所以只能用绝对路径进行服务的管理,如：/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

源码包安装过程

1. 安装准备

• 安装C语言编译器(前面已经介绍)
• 下载源码包
  • 比如Apache的源码包：http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/

发现gcc已经安装：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep gcc
libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# 

安装httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz,此版本相对比较成熟，也是比较稳定的Apache。 2.4以上的版本(比如Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS))在现在的环境(CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804)安装时候就会一定有一个报错，所以先装一个低版本。

我已经安装了一个Apache2.4.6，由于此服务要占用80端口,所以虽然RPM包和源码包能够同时安装，只要安装位置不同，但是只能够启动一个,否则会端口冲突(尽管可以通过修改端口的方式同时开启，但是一般不这样做)，所以只选择启动一个。实际的生产环境中,不可能同时安装源码包和RPM包的Apache，因为同一时间只能使用一个，避免硬盘空间浪费。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64
httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built:   Apr 20 2018 18:10:38
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tlun
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:997             0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*                          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:42195           0.0.0.0:*                          
udp6       0      0 :::997                  :::*                               
udp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                               
[root@localhost ~]# 

由于源码包的优点，所以Apache建议安装源码包——本机编译，运行效率会更高。

卸载RPM包的Apache——实验环境(实际生产环境中可不要使用remove这样干)

一定要先关闭服务再卸载，不然即使已经卸载端口仍会被原来的程序一直占用

[root@localhost ~]#  /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove httpd
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-80.el7.centos 将被 删除
--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-mmn = 20120211x8664，它被软件包 mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mod_wsgi.x86_64.0.3.4-12.el7_0 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

==================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                             架构                              版本                                            源                                    大小
==================================================================================================================================================================
正在删除:
 httpd                               x86_64                            2.4.6-80.el7.centos                             @c7-media                            9.4 M
为依赖而移除:
 mod_wsgi                            x86_64                            3.4-12.el7_0                                    @c7-media                            197 k

事务概要
==================================================================================================================================================================
移除  1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)

安装大小：9.6 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在删除    : mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/2 
  正在删除    : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                                              2/2 
  验证中      : mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/2 
  验证中      : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                                              2/2 

删除:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos                                                                                                                              

作为依赖被删除:
  mod_wsgi.x86_64 0:3.4-12.el7_0                                                                                                                                  

完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# 

2. 安装注意事项

• 源代码保存位置：/usr/local/src/
  • usr:系统资源目录
  • local:本地
  • src:源代码
• 软件安装位置：/usr/local/
• 如何确定安装过程报错：
  • 安装过程停止
  • 并出现error、warning或no的提示

[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root
[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /root/桌面/
总用量 6432
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      48 1月  25 21:27 .
dr-xr-x---. 15 root root    4096 1月  25 19:22 ..
-rwxrw-rw-.  1 root root 6580772 1月  25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root       6 1月  23 18:00 onefine
[root@localhost ~]# mv /root/桌面/httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /usr/local/src/
总用量 6428
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      33 1月  25 22:23 .
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root     131 1月  23 17:34 ..
-rwxrw-rw-.  1 root root 6580772 1月  25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz
...  # 省略
[root@localhost src]# ls -al
总用量 6432
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root       53 1月  25 22:25 .
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root      131 1月  23 17:34 ..
drwxr-xr-x. 11  501 games    4096 10月  7 2008 httpd-2.2.10
-rwxrw-rw-.  1 root root  6580772 1月  25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# 

3. 源码包安装过程

1. 下载源码包
2. 解压缩下载的源码包
3. 进入解压缩目录

#...接着上面
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.10/
#...上面这条命令一定要执行，避免入坑
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

./configure软件配置与检查

• 定义需要的功能选项
• 检测系统环境是否符合安装要求
• 把定义好的功能选项和检测系统环境的信息都写入Makefile文件,用于后续的编辑。

注：/当前位置，./configure执行的是当前目录下的configure命令

#...接着上面
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ./configure --help
`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
  -h, --help              display this help and exit
      --help=short        display options specific to this package
      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
  -V, --version           display version information and exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking...' messages
      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
  -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
  -n, --no-create         do not create output files
      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
                          [/usr/local/apache2]
  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
                          [PREFIX]

By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/apache2/bin', `/usr/local/apache2/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/apache2' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:
  --bindir=DIR           user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
  --sbindir=DIR          system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
  --libexecdir=DIR       program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
  --sysconfdir=DIR       read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
  --sharedstatedir=DIR   modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
  --localstatedir=DIR    modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
  --libdir=DIR           object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
  --includedir=DIR       C header files [PREFIX/include]
  --oldincludedir=DIR    C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
  --datarootdir=DIR      read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
  --datadir=DIR          read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
  --infodir=DIR          info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
  --localedir=DIR        locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
  --mandir=DIR           man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
  --docdir=DIR           documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]
  --htmldir=DIR          html documentation [DOCDIR]
  --dvidir=DIR           dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
  --pdfdir=DIR           pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
  --psdir=DIR            ps documentation [DOCDIR]

System types:
  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
  --target=TARGET   configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]

Optional Features:
  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
  --enable-layout=LAYOUT
  --enable-v4-mapped      Allow IPv6 sockets to handle IPv4 connections
  --enable-exception-hook Enable fatal exception hook
  --enable-maintainer-mode
                          Turn on debugging and compile time warnings
  --enable-pie            Build httpd as a Position Independent Executable
  --enable-modules=MODULE-LIST
                          Space-separated list of modules to enable | "all" |
                          "most"
  --enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST
                          Space-separated list of shared modules to enable |
                          "all" | "most"
  --disable-authn-file    file-based authentication control
  --enable-authn-dbm      DBM-based authentication control
  --enable-authn-anon     anonymous user authentication control
  --enable-authn-dbd      SQL-based authentication control
  --disable-authn-default authentication backstopper
  --enable-authn-alias    auth provider alias
  --disable-authz-host    host-based authorization control
  --disable-authz-groupfile
                          'require group' authorization control
  --disable-authz-user    'require user' authorization control
  --enable-authz-dbm      DBM-based authorization control
  --enable-authz-owner    'require file-owner' authorization control
  --enable-authnz-ldap    LDAP based authentication
  --disable-authz-default authorization control backstopper
  --disable-auth-basic    basic authentication
  --enable-auth-digest    RFC2617 Digest authentication
  --enable-isapi          isapi extension support
  --enable-file-cache     File cache
  --enable-cache          dynamic file caching
  --enable-disk-cache     disk caching module
  --enable-mem-cache      memory caching module
  --enable-dbd            Apache DBD Framework
  --enable-bucketeer      buckets manipulation filter
  --enable-dumpio         I/O dump filter
  --enable-echo           ECHO server
  --enable-example        example and demo module
  --enable-case-filter    example uppercase conversion filter
  --enable-case-filter-in example uppercase conversion input filter
  --enable-ext-filter     external filter module
  --disable-include       Server Side Includes
  --disable-filter        Smart Filtering
  --enable-substitute     response content rewrite-like filtering
  --disable-charset-lite  character set translation
  --enable-charset-lite   character set translation
  --enable-deflate        Deflate transfer encoding support
  --enable-ldap           LDAP caching and connection pooling services
  --disable-log-config    logging configuration
  --enable-log-forensic   forensic logging
  --enable-logio          input and output logging
  --disable-env           clearing/setting of ENV vars
  --enable-mime-magic     automagically determining MIME type
  --enable-cern-meta      CERN-type meta files
  --enable-expires        Expires header control
  --enable-headers        HTTP header control
  --enable-ident          RFC 1413 identity check
  --enable-usertrack      user-session tracking
  --enable-unique-id      per-request unique ids
  --disable-setenvif      basing ENV vars on headers
  --enable-version        determining httpd version in config files
  --enable-proxy          Apache proxy module
  --enable-proxy-connect  Apache proxy CONNECT module
  --enable-proxy-ftp      Apache proxy FTP module
  --enable-proxy-http     Apache proxy HTTP module
  --enable-proxy-ajp      Apache proxy AJP module
  --enable-proxy-balancer Apache proxy BALANCER module
  --enable-ssl            SSL/TLS support (mod_ssl)
  --enable-distcache      Select distcache support in mod_ssl
  --enable-optional-hook-export
                          example optional hook exporter
  --enable-optional-hook-import
                          example optional hook importer
  --enable-optional-fn-import
                          example optional function importer
  --enable-optional-fn-export
                          example optional function exporter
  --enable-static-support Build a statically linked version of the support
                          binaries
  --enable-static-htpasswd
                          Build a statically linked version of htpasswd
  --enable-static-htdigest
                          Build a statically linked version of htdigest
  --enable-static-rotatelogs
                          Build a statically linked version of rotatelogs
  --enable-static-logresolve
                          Build a statically linked version of logresolve
  --enable-static-htdbm   Build a statically linked version of htdbm
  --enable-static-ab      Build a statically linked version of ab
  --enable-static-checkgid
                          Build a statically linked version of checkgid
  --enable-static-htcacheclean
                          Build a statically linked version of htcacheclean
  --enable-static-httxt2dbm
                          Build a statically linked version of httxt2dbm
  --enable-http           HTTP protocol handling
  --disable-mime          mapping of file-extension to MIME
  --enable-dav            WebDAV protocol handling
  --disable-status        process/thread monitoring
  --disable-autoindex     directory listing
  --disable-asis          as-is filetypes
  --enable-info           server information
  --enable-suexec         set uid and gid for spawned processes
  --disable-cgid          CGI scripts
  --enable-cgi            CGI scripts
  --disable-cgi           CGI scripts
  --enable-cgid           CGI scripts
  --enable-dav-fs         DAV provider for the filesystem
  --enable-dav-lock       DAV provider for generic locking
  --enable-vhost-alias    mass virtual hosting module
  --disable-negotiation   content negotiation
  --disable-dir           directory request handling
  --enable-imagemap       server-side imagemaps
  --disable-actions       Action triggering on requests
  --enable-speling        correct common URL misspellings
  --disable-userdir       mapping of requests to user-specific directories
  --disable-alias         mapping of requests to different filesystem parts
  --enable-rewrite        rule based URL manipulation
  --enable-so             DSO capability

Optional Packages:
  --with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
  --without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
  --with-included-apr     Use bundled copies of APR/APR-Util
  --with-apr=PATH         prefix for installed APR or the full path to
                             apr-config
  --with-apr-util=PATH    prefix for installed APU or the full path to
                             apu-config
  --with-pcre=PATH        Use external PCRE library
  --with-port=PORT        Port on which to listen (default is 80)
  --with-sslport=SSLPORT  Port on which to securelisten (default is 443)
  --with-z=DIR            use a specific zlib library
  --with-sslc=DIR         RSA SSL-C SSL/TLS toolkit
  --with-ssl=DIR          OpenSSL SSL/TLS toolkit
  --with-mpm=MPM          Choose the process model for Apache to use.
                          MPM={beos|event|worker|prefork|mpmt_os2}
  --with-module=module-type:module-file
                          Enable module-file in the modules/<module-type>
                          directory.
  --with-program-name     alternate executable name
  --with-suexec-bin       Path to suexec binary
  --with-suexec-caller    User allowed to call SuExec
  --with-suexec-userdir   User subdirectory
  --with-suexec-docroot   SuExec root directory
  --with-suexec-uidmin    Minimal allowed UID
  --with-suexec-gidmin    Minimal allowed GID
  --with-suexec-logfile   Set the logfile
  --with-suexec-safepath  Set the safepath
  --with-suexec-umask     umask for suexec'd process

Some influential environment variables:
  CC          C compiler command
  CFLAGS      C compiler flags
  LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
              nonstandard directory <lib dir>
  LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
  CPPFLAGS    C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
              you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
  CPP         C preprocessor

Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

先只指定安装位置

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al
总用量 1292
drwxr-xr-x. 11  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 .
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      53 1月  25 22:48 ..
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  18571 6月  20 2008 acinclude.m4
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  54614 6月   7 2008 Apache.dsw
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zip
drwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 build
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2644 8月  24 2007 BuildAll.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2694 6月   7 2008 BuildBin.dsp
-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games   5771 7月  12 2006 buildconf
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  88633 10月  7 2008 CHANGES
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout
-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games 648839 10月  7 2008 configure
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  23370 6月  21 2008 configure.in
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games      0 10月  7 2008 .deps
drwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    124 10月  7 2008 docs
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   7214 1月  24 2005 .gdbinit
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4124 6月  12 2008 httpd.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  19128 10月  7 2008 httpd.spec
drwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 include
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4729 9月  19 2008 INSTALL
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2909 12月  8 2006 InstallBin.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  17039 1月  12 2007 libhttpd.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  28690 1月  19 2008 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8696 2月   5 2008 Makefile.in
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  33817 6月  13 2008 Makefile.win
drwxr-xr-x. 20  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 modules
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    828 1月  11 2008 NOTICE
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10559 8月   7 2007 NWGNUmakefile
drwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    149 10月  7 2008 os
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5954 1月  10 2007 README
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4992 2月  18 2008 README.platforms
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10183 3月  14 2005 ROADMAP
drwxr-xr-x.  3  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 server
drwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games     64 10月  7 2008 srclib
drwxr-xr-x.  4  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 support
drwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games    248 10月  7 2008 test
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
...  # 省略
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: include/ap_config_auto.h is unchanged
config.status: executing default commands
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

注意到这一过程中并没有报错.

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al
总用量 1404
drwxr-xr-x. 11  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 .
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      53 1月  25 22:48 ..
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  18571 6月  20 2008 acinclude.m4
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  54614 6月   7 2008 Apache.dsw
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zip
drwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 build
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2644 8月  24 2007 BuildAll.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2694 6月   7 2008 BuildBin.dsp
-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games   5771 7月  12 2006 buildconf
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  88633 10月  7 2008 CHANGES
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   51107 1月  25 22:51 config.log
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root      90 1月  25 22:51 config.nice
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root   40057 1月  25 22:51 config.status
-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games 648839 10月  7 2008 configure
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  23370 6月  21 2008 configure.in
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games      0 1月  25 22:51 .deps
drwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    124 10月  7 2008 docs
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   7214 1月  24 2005 .gdbinit
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4124 6月  12 2008 httpd.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  19128 10月  7 2008 httpd.spec
drwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 include
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4729 9月  19 2008 INSTALL
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2909 12月  8 2006 InstallBin.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  17039 1月  12 2007 libhttpd.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  28690 1月  19 2008 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    8911 1月  25 22:51 Makefile
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8696 2月   5 2008 Makefile.in
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  33817 6月  13 2008 Makefile.win
drwxr-xr-x. 20  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 modules
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    3718 1月  25 22:51 modules.c
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    828 1月  11 2008 NOTICE
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10559 8月   7 2007 NWGNUmakefile
drwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    178 1月  25 22:51 os
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5954 1月  10 2007 README
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4992 2月  18 2008 README.platforms
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10183 3月  14 2005 ROADMAP
drwxr-xr-x.  3  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 server
drwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games     93 1月  25 22:51 srclib
drwxr-xr-x.  4  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 support
drwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games    277 1月  25 22:51 test
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

make 编译

• make clean # 万一编译过程报错，结束时清除编译之后的缓存文件

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# make
...
make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.10”
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al
总用量 2220
drwxr-xr-x. 12  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:56 .
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      53 1月  25 22:48 ..
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  18571 6月  20 2008 acinclude.m4
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  54614 6月   7 2008 Apache.dsw
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zip
drwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 build
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2644 8月  24 2007 BuildAll.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2694 6月   7 2008 BuildBin.dsp
-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games   5771 7月  12 2006 buildconf
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    1496 1月  25 22:56 buildmark.o
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  88633 10月  7 2008 CHANGES
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   51107 1月  25 22:51 config.log
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root      90 1月  25 22:51 config.nice
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root   40057 1月  25 22:51 config.status
-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games 648839 10月  7 2008 configure
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  23370 6月  21 2008 configure.in
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games      0 1月  25 22:51 .deps
drwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    124 10月  7 2008 docs
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   7214 1月  24 2005 .gdbinit
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root  814640 1月  25 22:56 httpd
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4124 6月  12 2008 httpd.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  19128 10月  7 2008 httpd.spec
drwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 include
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4729 9月  19 2008 INSTALL
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2909 12月  8 2006 InstallBin.dsp
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  17039 1月  12 2007 libhttpd.dsp
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      23 1月  25 22:56 .libs
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  28690 1月  19 2008 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    8911 1月  25 22:51 Makefile
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8696 2月   5 2008 Makefile.in
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  33817 6月  13 2008 Makefile.win
drwxr-xr-x. 20  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 modules
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    3718 1月  25 22:51 modules.c
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root     273 1月  25 22:56 modules.lo
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    6064 1月  25 22:56 modules.o
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    828 1月  11 2008 NOTICE
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10559 8月   7 2007 NWGNUmakefile
drwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    178 1月  25 22:51 os
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5954 1月  10 2007 README
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4992 2月  18 2008 README.platforms
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10183 3月  14 2005 ROADMAP
drwxr-xr-x.  4  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:56 server
drwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games     93 1月  25 22:51 srclib
drwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:56 support
drwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games    277 1月  25 22:51 test
-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

make install 编译安装

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# make install
...
mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/apache2/manual
make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.10”
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

查看安装位置：

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al /usr/local/apache2/
总用量 32
drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root  164 1月  25 22:57 .
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root  146 1月  25 22:57 ..
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  243 1月  25 22:57 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  167 1月  25 22:57 build
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   38 1月  25 22:57 cgi-bin
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   84 1月  25 22:57 conf
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root 4096 1月  25 22:57 error
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  139 10月  7 2008 htdocs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root 8192 1月  25 22:57 icons
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 1月  25 22:57 include
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 1月  25 22:57 logs
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   30 1月  25 22:57 man
drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 8192 10月  7 2008 manual
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   23 1月  25 22:57 modules
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

启动：

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
(98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
Unable to open logs
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

端口冲突，先停掉端口

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      126958/httpd        
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     29380    1636/master          public/showq
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     36801    2533/pulseaudio      /run/user/0/pulse/native
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# kill -9 126958
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     29380    1636/master          public/showq
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     36801    2533/pulseaudio      /run/user/0/pulse/native
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80                  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      50998/httpd         
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     29380    1636/master          public/showq
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     36801    2533/pulseaudio      /run/user/0/pulse/native
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

问题：我怎么知道Apache的启动命令是/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start呢？

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cd 
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.10/
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cat INSTALL 

  APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW

  Quick Start - Unix
  ------------------

  For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or
  http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/install.html
   #...安装步骤
     $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX  #...编译前准备，指定安装目录PREFIX
     $ make  # 编译
     $ make install  # 安装
     $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start  # 启动方法: PREFIX由于第一步指定
...
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

测试：
先关闭防火墙：

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 三 2019-01-23 17:54:20 CST; 2 days ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 908 (firewalld)
    Tasks: 2
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─908 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

1月 23 17:54:19 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
1月 23 17:54:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl status firewalld 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since 六 2019-01-26 00:41:01 CST; 9s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
  Process: 908 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 908 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

1月 23 17:54:19 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
1月 23 17:54:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
1月 26 00:40:57 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
1月 26 00:41:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

说明：

firewalld的基本使用
启动： systemctl start firewalld
关闭： systemctl stop firewalld
查看状态： systemctl status firewalld
开机禁用 ： systemctl disable firewalld
开机启用 ： systemctl enable firewalld

修改：

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# vi /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1><hr/><h2>Hello onefine</h2></body></html>
~                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
:wq
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cat /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1><hr/><h2>Hello onefine</h2></body></html>
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# 

关闭：/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop

ok，成功

4. 源码包的卸载

不需要卸载命令，直接删除安装目录即可，不会遗留任何垃圾文件。

---

4. 脚本安装包 https://blog.csdn.net/jiduochou963/article/details/86655625