springboot 单元测试

　　之前开发测试程序功能时，采取的都是通过连接访问来测试程序，常用的方法有：

1、直接通过在浏览器输入网址访问；

2、通过公司搭建的eolinker来进行访问测试；

3、通过编写python脚本来进行测试；

4、通过postman工具来测试。

　　但这样经常会一测就要测一整块，相对单元测试来说定位问题比较麻烦，单元测试能帮助我们拆分方法，单独测试些关键的代码、功能，是日常开发中必备的技能，同时也是各大公司招技术人员的必要要求之一。但今天看了不少文章，也试了不少，发现即是很简单的东西自己也走了不少弯路，所以觉得很有必要把今天的练习写下来。

1、首先是pom.xml的包

  <!-- test依赖,必须添加 -->
  <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  </dependency>

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2、下面分别是controller层，service层，jpaRepository层

　 DemoController.class类

package com.test.demo.controllers;

import com.test.demo.domain.entities.Address;
import com.test.demo.domain.entities.AddressRepository;
import com.test.demo.services.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;

    @Autowired
    private AddressRepository addressRepository;

    /**
     * RequestParam 参数里面的name和value的效果是一样的
     * RequestMapping 参数里面就只能是value了，
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/demo")
    public String demo(@RequestParam(name = "name")String name, @RequestParam(value = "id")int id){
        return "hello "+ name+"\t"+id;
    }

    /**
     * RequestParam 参数里面的name和value的效果是一样的
     * RequestMapping 参数里面就只能是value了，
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/queryaddress")
    public String demo(@RequestParam(name = "name")String name){
        List<Address> addressList = demoService.queryAddress("%"+name+"%");
        System.out.println(addressList.toString());

        //不建议在controller层直接调用addressRepository，虽然同样能够达到效果，
        //List<Address> addressList2 = addressRepository.queryListByName("%"+name+"%");
        //System.out.println(addressList2.toString());

        return addressList.toString();
        //return "wolaile";
    }


    /**
     * 查找
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/query")
    public String query(@RequestParam(name = "id")int id){
        Address a =  demoService.findById(id);
        return a==null?"没有符合查找的东西":a.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 查找
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/update")
    public String query(@RequestParam(name = "id")int id,@RequestParam(name = "address")String address){
        Address a =  demoService.updateName(id,address);
        return  a==null?"什么也没有":a.toString();
    }

}

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DemoService.class类

package com.test.demo.services;

import com.test.demo.domain.entities.Address;
import com.test.demo.domain.entities.AddressRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class DemoService {

    @Autowired
    private AddressRepository addressRepository;

    /**
     * 根据名称查找地区
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    public List<Address> queryAddress(String name){
        return addressRepository.queryListByName(name);
    }


    /**
     * 根据ID找到对象
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public Address findById(int id){
        return addressRepository.findOne(id);
    }

    /**
     * 修改地区名称
     * @param id
     * @param address
     * @return
     */
    public Address updateName(int id, String address){
        Address a = addressRepository.findOne(id);
        if (a!=null){
            a.setAddress(address);
            addressRepository.save(a);
            return a;
        }else
            return null;
    }

}

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　 AddressRepository.class类

package com.test.demo.domain.entities;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;

import java.util.List;


public interface AddressRepository extends JpaRepository<Address, Integer>{

    @Query(value = "select * from address where address like ?",nativeQuery = true)
    List<Address> queryListByName(String name);
}

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3、下面是新建测试类

package com.test.demo.controllers;

import com.test.demo.Main;
import com.test.demo.domain.entities.Address;
import com.test.demo.domain.entities.AddressRepository;
import com.test.demo.services.DemoService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Main.class)
public class DemoTest {

    @Autowired
    private AddressRepository addressRepository;

    @Autowired
    private DemoController demoController;

    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;

    /**
     * 查找地址
     * 访问addressRepository层
     */
    @Test
    public void query() {
        System.out.println("===访问addressRepository层====");
        List<Address> lst = addressRepository.queryListByName("%我%");

        System.out.println(lst.size());

        if (lst.size() > 0) {
            for (Address ad : lst) {
                System.out.println(ad.toString());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 查找地址，访问controller层
     */
    @Test
    public void queryAddress(){
        System.out.println("===访问controller层====");
        String str = demoController.demo("%我%");
        System.out.println(str);
    }

    /**
     * 查找地址，访问service层
     */
    @Test
    public void queryServiceAddress(){
        System.out.println("===访问service层====");
        List<Address> lst = demoService.queryAddress("%我%");
        System.out.println(lst.size());

        if (lst.size() > 0) {
            for (Address ad : lst) {
                System.out.println(ad.toString());
            }
        }
    }

}

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测试：

点击红箭头所指位置，可以进行想应的测试：

测试结果：

应用实例已放到github上：https://github.com/DYH2020/springBootDemo

参考项目：https://github.com/BraveWangDev/SpringBoot/tree/master/SpringBoot-Junit

springboot 单元测试

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