opencv形态学处理

形态学处理

1. 灰度化与二值化

这个在opencv中实现起来十分简单

cvtColor(src,temp, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
threshold(temp,temp, 0, 255, THRESH_OTSU);

当然二值化效果是否理想，阈值选取是否恰当还是要根据imshow二值化后的图来调整的。

2. 形态学操作

关于形态学的一些基本操作，比如腐蚀、膨胀、开运算（先腐蚀后膨胀），闭运算（先膨胀后腐蚀） ……这些已经有很多博客介绍了，我这里就简单总结一些复合运算的特点。

• 开运算可以去除图像周围边缘的瑕疵、噪音

• 闭运算可以去除图像内部的缺失点、噪音

3. 利用形态学取样

如何我们需要得到水平向的元素，那我们选择的结构元素就是水平的，然后开运算滤掉竖直向；反之也是一样

如果遇到更复杂的情况，可以先选出不需要的，然后图像作差直接去掉这部分，然后再选取，这样效果就会好很多。

4. 代码部分

#include <iostream>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;


void work1() {
	Mat src = imread("D:/3/7_1.jpg");
	Mat temp,result;
	Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(15,15),Point(-1,-1));
	cvtColor(src,temp, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	threshold(temp,temp, 0, 255, THRESH_OTSU);
	morphologyEx(temp, result, MORPH_CLOSE, element, Point(-1, -1), 1);

	imshow("7_1.jpg", src);
	imshow("result7_1", result);
}



void work2() {
	Mat src = imread("D:/3/7_2.jpg");
	Mat temp, result;
	Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(15, 15), Point(-1, -1));
	cvtColor(src, temp, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	threshold(temp, temp, 0, 255, THRESH_OTSU);
	morphologyEx(temp, result, MORPH_OPEN, element, Point(-1, -1), 1);

	imshow("7_2.jpg", src);
	imshow("result7_2", result);
}


void work3() {
	Mat src = imread("D:/3/7_3.jpg");
	Mat temp, result;
	Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(15, 15), Point(-1, -1));
	cvtColor(src, temp, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	threshold(temp, temp, 0, 255, THRESH_OTSU);
	morphologyEx(temp, result, MORPH_CLOSE, element, Point(-1, -1), 1);

	imshow("7_3.jpg", src);
	imshow("result7_3", result);
}


void work4() {
	Mat src = imread("D:/3/7_4.jpg");
	Mat temp, result;
	Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(1,5), Point(-1, -1));
	cvtColor(src, temp, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	threshold(temp, temp, 0, 255, THRESH_OTSU);
	morphologyEx(temp, result, MORPH_OPEN, element, Point(-1, -1), 1);

	imshow("7_4.jpg", src);
	imshow("result7_4", result);
}

void work5() {
	Mat src = imread("D:/3/7_5.jpg");
	Mat temp,dst, result;
	Mat element0= getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(1,20), Point(-1, -1));
	Mat element1 = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(20,1), Point(-1, -1));
	cvtColor(src, temp, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	//去除竖向线条
	morphologyEx(temp,dst, MORPH_OPEN, element0, Point(-1, -1), 1);
	temp = temp - dst;

	morphologyEx(temp, result, MORPH_OPEN, element1, Point(-1, -1), 1);

	imshow("7_5.jpg", src);
	imshow("result7_5", result);
}


int main() {
	work1();
	work2();
	work3();
	work4();
	work5();
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}