7天用Go从零实现Web框架Gee教程

前言

本文学习自geektutu/7days-golang
在此基础上加入自己的学习历程与理解

Day0 序言

设计一个框架

设计框架之前,需要知道为什么要使用框架,框架能解决什么问题,只有明白了这一点,才能设计出框架中的功能

net/heep简单的处理请求示例

func main() {
    
    
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.HandleFunc("/count", counter)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8000", nil))
}

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    
    
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "URL.Path = %q\n", r.URL.Path)
}

net/http提供了基础的Web功能,即监听端口,映射静态路由,解析HTTP报文。一些Web开发中简单的需求并不支持,需要手工实现。

  • 动态路由:例如hello/:name,hello/*这类的规则。
  • 鉴权:没有分组/统一鉴权的能力,需要在每个路由映射的handler中实现。
  • 模板:没有统一简化的HTML机制。

可以发现,当我们离开框架,使用基础库时,需要频繁手工处理的地方,就是框架的价值所在。

Day1 HTTP基础

标准库启动web服务

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
    
    
	http.HandleFunc("/", indexHandler)
	http.HandleFunc("/hello", helloHandler)
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":9999", nil))
}

// handler echoes r.URL.Path
func indexHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "URL.Path = %q\n", req.URL.Path)
}

// handler echoes r.URL.Header
func helloHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	for k, v := range req.Header {
    
    
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Header[%q] = %q\n", k, v)
	}
}
$ curl http://localhost:9999/
URL.Path = "/"
$ curl http://localhost:9999/hello
Header["Accept"] = ["*/*"]
Header["User-Agent"] = ["curl/7.54.0"]

这里设置了2个路由,/和/hello,分配绑定indexHandler和helloHandler,根据不同的http请求会调用不同的处理函数。

main 函数的最后一行,是用来启动 Web 服务的,第一个参数是地址,:9999表示在 9999 端口监听。而第二个参数则代表处理所有的HTTP请求的实例,nil 代表使用标准库中的实例处理。第二个参数,则是我们基于net/http标准库实现Web框架的入口。

实现http.Handler接口

package http

type Handler interface {
    
    
    ServeHTTP(w ResponseWriter, r *Request)
}

func ListenAndServe(address string, h Handler) error

通过源码可以看到,Handler是一个接口类型,需要实现ServeHTTP方法,也就是说,只要传入任何实现了 ServerHTTP 接口的实例,所有的HTTP请求,就都交给了该实例处理了。所以我们要自己写一个实现该接口的实例,让所有的HTTP请求由自己来写

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

// Engine is the uni handler for all requests
type Engine struct{
    
    }

func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	switch req.URL.Path {
    
    
	case "/":
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "URL.Path = %q\n", req.URL.Path)
	case "/hello":
		for k, v := range req.Header {
    
    
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Header[%q] = %q\n", k, v)
		}
	default:
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "404 NOT FOUND: %s\n", req.URL)
	}
}

func main() {
    
    
	engine := new(Engine)
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":9999", engine))
}

我们定义了一个空的结构体Engine,实现了方法ServeHTTP。这个方法有2个参数:

  • 第一个参数是 ResponseWriter ,其实就是个网络套接字,通过w来写输入给客户端(C/S)
  • 第二个参数是 Request ,该对象包含了该HTTP请求的所有的信息,比如请求地址、Header和Body等信息;

在 main 函数中,我们给 ListenAndServe 方法的第二个参数传入了刚才创建的engine实例。至此,我们走出了实现Web框架的第一步,即,将所有的HTTP请求转向了我们自己的处理逻辑。还记得吗,在实现Engine之前,我们调用 http.HandleFunc 实现了路由和Handler的映射,也就是只能针对具体的路由写处理逻辑。比如/hello。但是在实现Engine之后,我们拦截了所有的HTTP请求,拥有了统一的控制入口。在这里我们可以自由定义路由映射的规则,也可以统一添加一些处理逻辑,例如日志、异常处理等。

Gee框架的雏形

在这里插入图片描述

main.go和gee.go

main.go

package main

import (
	"Gee/gee"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
    
    
	r := gee.New()
	r.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "URL.Path = %q\n", req.URL.Path)
	})

	r.GET("/hello", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
		for k, v := range req.Header {
    
    
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Header[%q] = %q\n", k, v)
		}
	})

	r.Run(":9999")
}

gee.go

package gee

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

// HandlerFunc defines the request handler used by gee
type HandlerFunc func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)

// Engine implement the interface of ServeHTTP
type Engine struct {
    
    
	router map[string]HandlerFunc
}

// New is the constructor of gee.Engine
func New() *Engine {
    
    
	return &Engine{
    
    router: make(map[string]HandlerFunc)}
}

func (engine *Engine) addRoute(method string, pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	key := method + "-" + pattern
	engine.router[key] = handler
}

// GET defines the method to add GET request
func (engine *Engine) GET(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	engine.addRoute("GET", pattern, handler)
}

// POST defines the method to add POST request
func (engine *Engine) POST(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	engine.addRoute("POST", pattern, handler)
}

// Run defines the method to start a http server
func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) (err error) {
    
    
	return http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)
}

func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	key := req.Method + "-" + req.URL.Path
	if handler, ok := engine.router[key]; ok {
    
    
		handler(w, req)
	} else {
    
    
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "404 NOT FOUND: %s\n", req.URL)
	}
}

解析

在mian.go中,使用New()创建 gee 的实例,使用 GET()方法添加路由,最后使用Run()启动Web服务。这里的路由,只是静态路由,不支持/hello/:name这样的动态路由,动态路由我们将在下一次实现。

gee.go是重头戏

我们先来看Run方法,发现里面实则是调用http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)。我们会发现所有的http请求的处理首先都会进入ServeHTTP方法,在ServeHTTP方法内,发现通过engine.router这个map(key是请求方法+“-”+请求路径,例如GET-/、GET-/hello、POST-/hello,value是用户映射的处理方法)传入key,来调用不同的函数来处理不同的请求。

Engine实现的 ServeHTTP 方法的作用就是,解析请求的路径,查找路由映射表,如果查到,就执行注册的处理方法。如果查不到,就返回 404 NOT FOUND 。

type Engine struct {
    
    
	router map[string]HandlerFunc
}

结构体内存了一张路由表,由addRoute方法添加kv,GET和POST这两个方法只是对addRoute的包装而已。

type HandlerFunc func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)

HandlerFunc的具体实现由用户自己实现

r.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "URL.Path = %q\n", req.URL.Path)
	})

运行测试

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl http://localhost:9999/
URL.Path = "/"

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl http://localhost:9999/hello
Header["User-Agent"] = ["curl/7.75.0"]
Header["Accept"] = ["*/*"]

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl http://localhost:9999/world
404 NOT FOUND: /world

Day2 上下文

设计策略

  • 将路由(router)独立出来,方便之后增强。
  • 设计上下文(Context),封装 Request 和 Response ,提供对 JSON、HTML 等返回类型的支持。
  • 动手写 Gee 框架的第二天,框架代码140行,新增代码约90行
  • 解耦!

使用效果main.go

package main

import (
	"Gee/gee"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
    
    
	r := gee.New()
	r.GET("/", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "<h1>Hello Gee</h1>")
	})
	r.GET("/hello", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
		// expect /hello?name=geektutu
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s, you're at %s\n", c.Query("name"), c.Path)
	})

	r.POST("/login", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gee.H{
    
    
			"username": c.PostForm("username"),
			"password": c.PostForm("password"),
		})
	})

	r.Run(":9999")
}
  • 从Handler的参数变成成了gee.Context,提供了查询Query/PostForm参数的功能。
  • gee.Context封装了HTML/String/JSON函数,能够快速构造HTTP响应。

router.go context.go gee.go

router.go

package gee

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

type router struct {
    
    
	handlers map[string]HandlerFunc
}

func newRouter() *router {
    
    
	return &router{
    
    handlers: make(map[string]HandlerFunc)}
}

func (r *router) addRoute(method string, pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	log.Printf("Route %4s - %s", method, pattern)
	key := method + "-" + pattern
	r.handlers[key] = handler
}

func (r *router) handle(c *Context) {
    
    
	key := c.Method + "-" + c.Path
	if handler, ok := r.handlers[key]; ok {
    
    
		handler(c)
	} else {
    
    
		c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "404 NOT FOUND: %s\n", c.Path)
	}
}

context.go

package gee

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

type H map[string]interface{
    
    }

type Context struct {
    
    
	// origin objects
	Writer http.ResponseWriter
	Req    *http.Request
	// request info
	Path   string
	Method string
	// response info
	StatusCode int
}

func newContext(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) *Context {
    
    
	return &Context{
    
    
		Writer: w,
		Req:    req,
		Path:   req.URL.Path,
		Method: req.Method,
	}
}

func (c *Context) PostForm(key string) string {
    
    
	return c.Req.FormValue(key)
}

func (c *Context) Query(key string) string {
    
    
	return c.Req.URL.Query().Get(key)
}

func (c *Context) Status(code int) {
    
    
	c.StatusCode = code
	c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
}

func (c *Context) SetHeader(key string, value string) {
    
    
	c.Writer.Header().Set(key, value)
}

func (c *Context) String(code int, format string, values ...interface{
    
    }) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, values...)))
}

func (c *Context) JSON(code int, obj interface{
    
    }) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
	c.Status(code)
	encoder := json.NewEncoder(c.Writer)
	if err := encoder.Encode(obj); err != nil {
    
    
		http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
	}
}

func (c *Context) Data(code int, data []byte) {
    
    
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write(data)
}

func (c *Context) HTML(code int, html string) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "text/html")
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write([]byte(html))
}

gee.go

package gee

import "net/http"

// HandlerFunc defines the request handler used by gee
type HandlerFunc func(*Context)

// Engine implement the interface of ServeHTTP
type Engine struct {
    
    
	router *router
}

// New is the constructor of gee.Engine
func New() *Engine {
    
    
	return &Engine{
    
    router: newRouter()}
}

func (engine *Engine) addRoute(method string, pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	engine.router.addRoute(method, pattern, handler)
}

// GET defines the method to add GET request
func (engine *Engine) GET(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	engine.addRoute("GET", pattern, handler)
}

// POST defines the method to add POST request
func (engine *Engine) POST(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	engine.addRoute("POST", pattern, handler)
}

// Run defines the method to start a http server
func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) (err error) {
    
    
	return http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)
}

func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	c := newContext(w, req)
	engine.router.handle(c)
}

设计思想

context

  1. 对Web服务来说,无非是根据请求*http.Request,构造响应http.ResponseWriter。但是这两个对象提供的接口粒度太细,比如我们要构造一个完整的响应,需要考虑消息头(Header)和消息体(Body),而 Header 包含了状态码(StatusCode),消息类型(ContentType)等几乎每次请求都需要设置的信息。因此,如果不进行有效的封装,那么框架的用户将需要写大量重复,繁杂的代码,而且容易出错。针对常用场景,能够高效地构造出 HTTP 响应是一个好的框架必须考虑的点。
  2. 针对使用场景,封装*http.Request和http.ResponseWriter的方法,简化相关接口的调用,只是设计 Context 的原因之一。对于框架来说,还需要支撑额外的功能。例如,将来解析动态路由/hello/:name,参数:name的值放在哪呢?再比如,框架需要支持中间件,那中间件产生的信息放在哪呢?Context 随着每一个请求的出现而产生,请求的结束而销毁,和当前请求强相关的信息都应由 Context 承载。因此,设计 Context 结构,扩展性和复杂性留在了内部,而对外简化了接口。路由的处理函数,以及将要实现的中间件,参数都统一使用 Context 实例, Context 就像一次会话的百宝箱,可以找到任何东西。

router路由

将路由抽离出来,放到了一个新的文件中router.go,方便我们下一次对 router 的功能进行增强,例如提供动态路由的支持。 router 的 handle 方法作了一个细微的调整,即 handler 的参数,变成了 Context。

gee框架入口

router相关的代码独立后,gee.go简单了不少。最重要的还是通过实现了 ServeHTTP 接口,接管了所有的 HTTP 请求。相比第一天的代码,这个方法也有细微的调整,在调用 router.handle 之前,构造了一个 Context 对象。这个对象目前还非常简单,仅仅是包装了原来的两个参数,之后我们会慢慢地给Context插上翅膀。

总结

由gee的实例Engine开始,里面存着一个router,router里面存着一个map,k的Method + “-” + Path,而v则是对应的回调函数,那么这个回调的参数全部由context存储,在ServeHTTP中,每有一个新的请求过来,都会创建一个context,然后调用engine.router.handle,并把context传进去,给请求发送响应,由main中用户自己定义,但是都是调用context中api来实现的,所以context承载了整个会话的生命周期

测试

-i 参数可以显示 http response 的头信息,连同网页代码一起

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl -i http://localhost:9999/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 2021 08:10:31 GMT
Content-Length: 18

<h1>Hello Gee</h1>
68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/hello?name=geektutu" -i
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 2021 08:10:41 GMT
Content-Length: 33

hello geektutu, you're at /hello

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/login" -X POST -d 'username=geektutu&password=1234' -i
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 2021 08:10:48 GMT
Content-Length: 42

{
    
    "password":"1234","username":"geektutu"}

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/xxx" -i
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 2021 08:10:56 GMT
Content-Length: 20

404 NOT FOUND: /xxx

Day3 前缀树路由

简介

使用 Trie 树实现动态路由(dynamic route)解析。
支持两种模式:name和*filepath,代码约150行。

接下来我们实现的动态路由具备以下两个功能。

  • 参数匹配:。例如 /p/:lang/doc,可以匹配 /p/c/doc 和 /p/go/doc。
  • 通配*。例如 /static/*filepath,可以匹配/static/fav.ico,也可以匹配/static/js/jQuery.js,这种模式常用于静态服务器,能够递归地匹配子路径。

简单来说,定义了 /p/:lang/doc 这个规则,当请求是/p/xxx/doc, xxx可以任意写,都会匹配到/p/:lang/doc的回调函数
而 /static/*filepath 就比较宽松了,请求前面只要是static/ ,无论是/static/xx还是/static/a/b/c/xx,都会匹配 /static/*filepath的回调函数

代码贴在下面,有注释,慢慢看
刚开始学习的时候不要死扣细节,想一下这样做的原因是什么,能做出什么效果来,就比如我上面写的简介

需要注意的是

n, params := r.getRoute(c.Method, c.Path)
c.Params = params

params是一个map,里面存这匹配或者通配对应的名字,例如

map[name:hahah]
map[filepath:css/geektutu.css]

代码阅读顺序建议

r.GET("/hello", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
	// expect /hello?name=geektutu
	c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s, you're at %s\n", c.Query("name"), c.Path)
})

	
func (r *router) addRoute(method string, pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) 


func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) 

func (r *router) handle(c *Context)

n, params := r.getRoute(c.Method, c.Path)

func parsePattern(pattern string) []string

代码

在这里插入图片描述

main.go

package main

import (
	"Gee/gee"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
    
    
	r := gee.New()
	r.GET("/", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "<h1>Hello Gee</h1>")
	})

	r.GET("/hello", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
		// expect /hello?name=geektutu
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s, you're at %s\n", c.Query("name"), c.Path)
	})

	r.GET("/hello/:name/doc", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
		// expect /hello/geektutu
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s, you're at %s\n", c.Param("name"), c.Path)
	})

	r.GET("/assets/*filepath", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gee.H{
    
    "filepath": c.Param("filepath")})
	})


	r.Run(":9999")
}

gee.go

package gee

import (
	"net/http"
)

// HandlerFunc defines the request handler used by gee
type HandlerFunc func(*Context)

// Engine implement the interface of ServeHTTP
type Engine struct {
    
    
	router *router
}

// New is the constructor of gee.Engine
func New() *Engine {
    
    
	return &Engine{
    
    router: newRouter()}
}

func (engine *Engine) addRoute(method string, pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	engine.router.addRoute(method, pattern, handler)
}

// GET defines the method to add GET request
func (engine *Engine) GET(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	engine.addRoute("GET", pattern, handler)
}

// POST defines the method to add POST request
func (engine *Engine) POST(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	engine.addRoute("POST", pattern, handler)
}

// Run defines the method to start a http server
func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) (err error) {
    
    
	return http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)
}

func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	c := newContext(w, req)
	engine.router.handle(c)
}

trie.go

package gee

import (
	"fmt"
	"strings"
)

type node struct {
    
    
	pattern 	string	// 是否一个完整的url,不是则为空字符串
	part    	string	// URL块值,用/分割的部分,比如/abc/123,abc和123就是2个part
	children 	[]*node	// 该节点下的子节点
	isWild		bool	// 是否模糊匹配,比如:filename或*filename这样的node就为true
}

func (n *node) String() string {
    
    
	return fmt.Sprintf("node{pattern=%s, part=%s, isWild=%t}", n.pattern, n.part, n.isWild)
}

// 找到匹配的子节点,场景是用在插入时使用,找到1个匹配的就立即返回
func (n *node) matchChild(part string) *node {
    
    
	// 遍历n节点的所有子节点,看是否能找到匹配的子节点,将其返回
	for _, child := range n.children {
    
    
		// 如果有模糊匹配的也会成功匹配上
		if child.part == part || child.isWild {
    
    
			return child
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// 一边匹配一边插入的方法
//r.roots[method].insert(pattern, parts, 0)
//parts = [] parts = [hello] parts = [hello :name]  parts = [assets *filepath]
//pattren= / ```/hello ```/hello/:name ```/assets/*filepath
func (n *node) insert(pattern string, parts []string, height int) {
    
    
	if len(parts) == height {
    
    
		// 如果已经匹配完了,那么将pattern赋值给该node,表示它是一个完整的url
		// 这是递归的终止条件
		n.pattern = pattern
		return
	}

	part := parts[height]
	child := n.matchChild(part)
	if child == nil {
    
    
		// 没有匹配上,那么进行生成,放到n节点的子列表中
		child = &node{
    
    part: part, isWild: part[0] == ':' || part[0] == '*'}
		n.children = append(n.children, child)
	}
	// 接着插入下一个part节点
	child.insert(pattern, parts, height+1)
}

// 这个函数跟matchChild有点像,但它是返回所有匹配的子节点,原因是它的场景是用以查找
// 它必须返回所有可能的子节点来进行遍历查找
func (n *node) matchChildren(part string) []*node {
    
    
	nodes := make([]*node, 0)
	for _, child := range n.children {
    
    
		if child.part == part || child.isWild {
    
    
			nodes = append(nodes, child)
		}
	}
	return nodes
}
//n := root.search(searchParts, 0)
[]   [hello] [hello :name] [assets *filepath]
func (n *node) search(parts []string, height int) *node {
    
    
	if len(parts) == height || strings.HasPrefix(n.part, "*") {
    
    
		// 递归终止条件,找到末尾了或者通配符
		if n.pattern == "" {
    
    
			// pattern为空字符串表示它不是一个完整的url,匹配失败
			return nil
		}
		return n
	}

	part := parts[height]
	// 获取所有可能的子路径
	children := n.matchChildren(part)

	for _, child := range children {
    
    
		// 对于每条路径接着用下一part去查找
		result := child.search(parts, height+1)
		if result != nil {
    
    
			// 找到了即返回
			return result
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// 查找所有完整的url,保存到列表中
func (n *node) travel(list *([]*node)) {
    
    
	if n.pattern != "" {
    
    
		// 递归终止条件
		*list = append(*list, n)
	}
	for _, child := range n.children {
    
    
		// 一层一层的递归找pattern是非空的节点
		child.travel(list)
	}
}

router.go

package gee

import (
	"net/http"
	"strings"
)

type router struct {
    
    
	roots    map[string]*node
	handlers map[string]HandlerFunc
}

func newRouter() *router {
    
    
	return &router{
    
    
		roots:    make(map[string]*node),
		handlers: make(map[string]HandlerFunc),
	}
}

// Only one * is allowed
func parsePattern(pattern string) []string {
    
    
	vs := strings.Split(pattern, "/")
	parts := make([]string, 0)
	for _, item := range vs {
    
    
		if item != "" {
    
    
			parts = append(parts, item)
			if item[0] == '*' {
    
    
				break
			}
		}
	}
	return parts
}

func (r *router) addRoute(method string, pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	//parts = [] parts = [hello] parts = [hello :name]  parts = [assets *filepath]
	parts := parsePattern(pattern)
	//key= GET-/ key= GET-/hello key= GET-/hello/:name key= GET-/assets/*filepath
	key := method + "-" + pattern
	//method=/  以/为root节点
	_, ok := r.roots[method]
	if !ok {
    
    
		r.roots[method] = &node{
    
    }
	}
	//pattren= / ```/hello ```/hello/:name ```/assets/*filepath
	r.roots[method].insert(pattern, parts, 0)

	//把key= GET-/ key= GET-/hello key= GET-/hello/:name key= GET-/assets/*filepath 与回调绑定
	r.handlers[key] = handler
}

func (r *router) getRoute(method string, path string) (*node, map[string]string) {
    
    
	//[]   [hello] [hello :name] [assets *filepath]
	searchParts := parsePattern(path)

	params := make(map[string]string)
	root, ok := r.roots[method]

	if !ok {
    
    
		return nil, nil
	}

	n := root.search(searchParts, 0)
	//找到匹配的节点了
	if n != nil {
    
    
		//path和parts已经不一样了,/hello/hahah 变成  [hello hahah]
		parts := parsePattern(n.pattern)
		for index, part := range parts {
    
    
			if part[0] == ':' {
    
    
				params[part[1:]] = searchParts[index]
			}
			if part[0] == '*' && len(part) > 1 {
    
    
				params[part[1:]] = strings.Join(searchParts[index:], "/")
				break
			}
		}
		return n, params
	}

	return nil, nil
}

func (r *router) getRoutes(method string) []*node {
    
    
	root, ok := r.roots[method]
	if !ok {
    
    
		return nil
	}
	nodes := make([]*node, 0)
	root.travel(&nodes)
	return nodes
}

func (r *router) handle(c *Context) {
    
    
	n, params := r.getRoute(c.Method, c.Path)
	if n != nil {
    
    
		c.Params = params
		key := c.Method + "-" + n.pattern
		r.handlers[key](c)
	} else {
    
    
		c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "404 NOT FOUND: %s\n", c.Path)
	}
}

context.go

package gee

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

type H map[string]interface{
    
    }

type Context struct {
    
    
	// origin objects
	Writer http.ResponseWriter
	Req    *http.Request
	// request info
	Path   string
	Method string
	Params map[string]string
	// response info
	StatusCode int
}

func newContext(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) *Context {
    
    
	return &Context{
    
    
		Writer: w,
		Req:    req,
		Path:   req.URL.Path,
		Method: req.Method,
	}
}

func (c *Context) Param(key string) string {
    
    
	value, _ := c.Params[key]
	return value
}

func (c *Context) PostForm(key string) string {
    
    
	return c.Req.FormValue(key)
}

func (c *Context) Query(key string) string {
    
    
	return c.Req.URL.Query().Get(key)
}

func (c *Context) Status(code int) {
    
    
	c.StatusCode = code
	c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
}

func (c *Context) SetHeader(key string, value string) {
    
    
	c.Writer.Header().Set(key, value)
}

func (c *Context) String(code int, format string, values ...interface{
    
    }) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, values...)))
}

func (c *Context) JSON(code int, obj interface{
    
    }) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
	c.Status(code)
	encoder := json.NewEncoder(c.Writer)
	if err := encoder.Encode(obj); err != nil {
    
    
		http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
	}
}

func (c *Context) Data(code int, data []byte) {
    
    
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write(data)
}

func (c *Context) HTML(code int, html string) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "text/html")
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write([]byte(html))
}

测试

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/"
<h1>Hello Gee</h1>
68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/hello"
hello , you're at /hello

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/hello/wxf/doc"
hello wxf, you're at /hello/wxf/doc

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/hello/wxf/err"
404 NOT FOUND: /hello/wxf/err

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/assets/nihao"
{
    
    "filepath":"nihao"}

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$ curl "http://localhost:9999/assets/nihao/niyehao"
{
    
    "filepath":"nihao/niyehao"}

Day4 分组控制

何为分组,分组的意义

分组控制(Group Control)是 Web 框架应提供的基础功能之一。所谓分组,是指路由的分组。如果没有路由分组,我们需要针对每一个路由进行控制。但是真实的业务场景中,往往某一组路由需要相似的处理。例如:

  • 以/post开头的路由匿名可访问。
  • 以/admin开头的路由需要鉴权。
  • 以/api开头的路由是 RESTful 接口,可以对接第三方平台,需要三方平台鉴权。

大部分情况下的路由分组,是以相同的前缀来区分的。因此,我们今天实现的分组控制也是以前缀来区分,并且支持分组的嵌套。例如/post是一个分组,/post/a和/post/b可以是该分组下的子分组。作用在/post分组上的中间件(middleware),也都会作用在子分组,子分组还可以应用自己特有的中间件。

中间件可以给框架提供无限的扩展能力,应用在分组上,可以使得分组控制的收益更为明显,而不是共享相同的路由前缀这么简单。例如/admin的分组,可以应用鉴权中间件;/分组应用日志中间件,/是默认的最顶层的分组,也就意味着给所有的路由,即整个框架增加了记录日志的能力。

简单点来说,就是设计不同的前缀,再用不同的前缀写下面的代码,这样管理相同前缀的不同路由很方便

v1 := r.Group("/v1")
	{
    
    
		v1.GET("/", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
			c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "<h1>Hello Gee</h1>")
		})

		v1.GET("/hello", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
			// expect /hello?name=geektutu
			c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s, you're at %s\n", c.Query("name"), c.Path)
		})
	}
	v2 := r.Group("/v2")
	{
    
    
		v2.GET("/hello/:name", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
			// expect /hello/geektutu
			c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s, you're at %s\n", c.Param("name"), c.Path)
		})
		v2.POST("/login", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gee.H{
    
    
				"username": c.PostForm("username"),
				"password": c.PostForm("password"),
			})
		})

	}
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route  GET - /v1/
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route  GET - /v1/hello
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route  GET - /v2/hello/:name
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route POST - /v2/login

设计分组

一个 Group 对象需要具备哪些属性呢?首先是前缀(prefix),比如/,或者/api;
要支持分组嵌套,那么需要知道当前分组的父亲(parent)是谁;
当然了,按照我们一开始的分析,中间件是应用在分组上的,那还需要存储应用在该分组上的中间件(middlewares)。
如果Group对象需要直接映射路由规则的话,比如我们想在使用框架时,这么调用v2.GET,那么Group对象,还需要有访问Router的能力。

为了方便,我们可以在Group中,保存一个指针,指向Engine,整个框架的所有资源都是由Engine统一协调的,那么就可以通过Engine间接地访问各种接口了。

所以,最后的 Group 的定义是这样的:

RouterGroup struct {
    
    
	prefix      string
	middlewares []HandlerFunc // support middleware
	parent      *RouterGroup  // support nesting
	engine      *Engine       // all groups share a Engine instance
}

进一步地抽象,将Engine作为最顶层的分组,也就是说Engine拥有RouterGroup所有的能力(组合,RouterGroup有的属性和方法,Engine全都有)。

Engine struct {
    
    
	*RouterGroup
	router *router
	groups []*RouterGroup // store all groups
}

进一步修改gee.go和main.go的代码

代码

main.go

package main

import (
	"Gee/gee"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
    
    
	r := gee.New()
	r.GET("/index", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "<h1>Index Page</h1>")
	})
	v1 := r.Group("/v1")
	{
    
    
		v1.GET("/", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
			c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "<h1>Hello Gee</h1>")
		})

		v1.GET("/hello", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
			// expect /hello?name=geektutu
			c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s, you're at %s\n", c.Query("name"), c.Path)
		})
	}
	
	v2 := r.Group("/v2")
	{
    
    
		v2.GET("/hello/:name", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
			// expect /hello/geektutu
			c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello %s, you're at %s\n", c.Param("name"), c.Path)
		})
		v2.POST("/login", func(c *gee.Context) {
    
    
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gee.H{
    
    
				"username": c.PostForm("username"),
				"password": c.PostForm("password"),
			})
		})

	}

	r.Run(":9999")
}

gee.go

package gee

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

// HandlerFunc defines the request handler used by gee
type HandlerFunc func(*Context)

// Engine implement the interface of ServeHTTP
type (
	RouterGroup struct {
    
    
		prefix      string
		middlewares []HandlerFunc // support middleware
		parent      *RouterGroup  // support nesting
		engine      *Engine       // all groups share a Engine instance
	}

	Engine struct {
    
    
		*RouterGroup
		router *router
		groups []*RouterGroup // store all groups
	}
)

// New is the constructor of gee.Engine
func New() *Engine {
    
    
	engine := &Engine{
    
    router: newRouter()}
	engine.RouterGroup = &RouterGroup{
    
    engine: engine}
	engine.groups = []*RouterGroup{
    
    engine.RouterGroup}
	return engine
}

// Group is defined to create a new RouterGroup
// remember all groups share the same Engine instance
func (group *RouterGroup) Group(prefix string) *RouterGroup {
    
    
	engine := group.engine
	newGroup := &RouterGroup{
    
    
		prefix: group.prefix + prefix,
		parent: group,
		engine: engine,
	}
	engine.groups = append(engine.groups, newGroup)
	return newGroup
}

func (group *RouterGroup) addRoute(method string, comp string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	pattern := group.prefix + comp
	log.Printf("Route %4s - %s", method, pattern)
	group.engine.router.addRoute(method, pattern, handler)
}

// GET defines the method to add GET request
func (group *RouterGroup) GET(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	group.addRoute("GET", pattern, handler)
}

// POST defines the method to add POST request
func (group *RouterGroup) POST(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	group.addRoute("POST", pattern, handler)
}

// Run defines the method to start a http server
func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) (err error) {
    
    
	return http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)
}

func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	c := newContext(w, req)
	engine.router.handle(c)
}

其他的代码没有改变,参考Day3即可

测试

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$go run main.go
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route  GET - /index
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route  GET - /v1/
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route  GET - /v1/hello
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route  GET - /v2/hello/:name
2021/11/23 21:28:14 Route POST - /v2/login

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$  curl "http://localhost:9999/"
404 NOT FOUND: /

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$  curl "http://localhost:9999/index"
<h1>Index Page</h1>
68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$  curl "http://localhost:9999/v1"
<h1>Hello Gee</h1>
68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$  curl "http://localhost:9999/v1/hello"
hello , you're at /v1/hello

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$  curl "http://localhost:9999/v1/hello/errTest"
404 NOT FOUND: /v1/hello/errTest

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$  curl "http://localhost:9999/v2/hello/acTest"
hello acTest, you're at /v2/hello/acTest

68725@wxf MINGW64 ~/Desktop/7day/Gee
$  curl "http://localhost:9999/v2/login" -X POST -d 'username=geektutu&password=1234'
{
    
    "password":"1234","username":"geektutu"}

Day5 中间件

中间件是什么

中间件(middlewares),简单说,就是非业务的技术类组件。Web 框架本身不可能去理解所有的业务,因而不可能实现所有的功能。因此,框架需要有一个插口,允许用户自己定义功能,嵌入到框架中,仿佛这个功能是框架原生支持的一样。

中间件设计

Gee 的中间件的定义与路由映射的 Handler 一致,处理的输入是Context对象。插入点是框架接收到请求初始化Context对象后,允许用户使用自己定义的中间件做一些额外的处理,例如记录日志等,以及对Context进行二次加工。另外通过调用(*Context).Next()函数,中间件可等待用户自己定义的 Handler处理结束后,再做一些额外的操作,例如计算本次处理所用时间等。即 Gee 的中间件支持用户在请求被处理的前后,做一些额外的操作。

在这里插入图片描述
该图是中间件执行流程的重点

代码

main.go

package gee

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
)

// HandlerFunc defines the request handler used by gee
type HandlerFunc func(*Context)

// Engine implement the interface of ServeHTTP
type (
	RouterGroup struct {
    
    
		prefix      string
		middlewares []HandlerFunc // support middleware
		parent      *RouterGroup  // support nesting
		engine      *Engine       // all groups share a Engine instance
	}

	Engine struct {
    
    
		*RouterGroup
		router *router
		groups []*RouterGroup // store all groups
	}
)

// New is the constructor of gee.Engine
func New() *Engine {
    
    
	engine := &Engine{
    
    router: newRouter()}
	engine.RouterGroup = &RouterGroup{
    
    engine: engine}
	engine.groups = []*RouterGroup{
    
    engine.RouterGroup}
	return engine
}

// Group is defined to create a new RouterGroup
// remember all groups share the same Engine instance
func (group *RouterGroup) Group(prefix string) *RouterGroup {
    
    
	engine := group.engine
	newGroup := &RouterGroup{
    
    
		prefix: group.prefix + prefix,
		parent: group,
		engine: engine,
	}
	engine.groups = append(engine.groups, newGroup)
	return newGroup
}

// Use is defined to add middleware to the group
func (group *RouterGroup) Use(middlewares ...HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	group.middlewares = append(group.middlewares, middlewares...)
}

func (group *RouterGroup) addRoute(method string, comp string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	pattern := group.prefix + comp
	log.Printf("Route %4s - %s", method, pattern)
	group.engine.router.addRoute(method, pattern, handler)
}

// GET defines the method to add GET request
func (group *RouterGroup) GET(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	group.addRoute("GET", pattern, handler)
}

// POST defines the method to add POST request
func (group *RouterGroup) POST(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	group.addRoute("POST", pattern, handler)
}

// Run defines the method to start a http server
func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) (err error) {
    
    
	return http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)
}

func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	var middlewares []HandlerFunc
	for _, group := range engine.groups {
    
    
		if strings.HasPrefix(req.URL.Path, group.prefix) {
    
    
			middlewares = append(middlewares, group.middlewares...)
		}
	}
	c := newContext(w, req)
	c.handlers = middlewares
	engine.router.handle(c)
}

logger.go

package gee

import (
	"log"
	"time"
)

func Logger() HandlerFunc {
    
    
	return func(c *Context) {
    
    
		// Start timer
		t := time.Now()
		// Process request
		c.Next()
		// Calculate resolution time
		log.Printf("[%d] %s in %v", c.StatusCode, c.Req.RequestURI, time.Since(t))
	}
}

gee.go

package gee

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
)

// HandlerFunc defines the request handler used by gee
type HandlerFunc func(*Context)

// Engine implement the interface of ServeHTTP
type (
	RouterGroup struct {
    
    
		prefix      string
		middlewares []HandlerFunc // support middleware
		parent      *RouterGroup  // support nesting
		engine      *Engine       // all groups share a Engine instance
	}

	Engine struct {
    
    
		*RouterGroup
		router *router
		groups []*RouterGroup // store all groups
	}
)

// New is the constructor of gee.Engine
func New() *Engine {
    
    
	engine := &Engine{
    
    router: newRouter()}
	engine.RouterGroup = &RouterGroup{
    
    engine: engine}
	engine.groups = []*RouterGroup{
    
    engine.RouterGroup}
	return engine
}

// Group is defined to create a new RouterGroup
// remember all groups share the same Engine instance
func (group *RouterGroup) Group(prefix string) *RouterGroup {
    
    
	engine := group.engine
	newGroup := &RouterGroup{
    
    
		prefix: group.prefix + prefix,
		parent: group,
		engine: engine,
	}
	engine.groups = append(engine.groups, newGroup)
	return newGroup
}

// Use is defined to add middleware to the group
func (group *RouterGroup) Use(middlewares ...HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	group.middlewares = append(group.middlewares, middlewares...)
}

func (group *RouterGroup) addRoute(method string, comp string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	pattern := group.prefix + comp
	log.Printf("Route %4s - %s", method, pattern)
	group.engine.router.addRoute(method, pattern, handler)
}

// GET defines the method to add GET request
func (group *RouterGroup) GET(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	group.addRoute("GET", pattern, handler)
}

// POST defines the method to add POST request
func (group *RouterGroup) POST(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	group.addRoute("POST", pattern, handler)
}

// Run defines the method to start a http server
func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) (err error) {
    
    
	return http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)
}

func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    
    
	var middlewares []HandlerFunc
	for _, group := range engine.groups {
    
    
		if strings.HasPrefix(req.URL.Path, group.prefix) {
    
    
			middlewares = append(middlewares, group.middlewares...)
		}
	}
	c := newContext(w, req)
	c.handlers = middlewares
	engine.router.handle(c)
}

router.go

package gee

import (
	"net/http"
	"strings"
)

type router struct {
    
    
	roots    map[string]*node
	handlers map[string]HandlerFunc
}

func newRouter() *router {
    
    
	return &router{
    
    
		roots:    make(map[string]*node),
		handlers: make(map[string]HandlerFunc),
	}
}

// Only one * is allowed
func parsePattern(pattern string) []string {
    
    
	vs := strings.Split(pattern, "/")

	parts := make([]string, 0)
	for _, item := range vs {
    
    
		if item != "" {
    
    
			parts = append(parts, item)
			if item[0] == '*' {
    
    
				break
			}
		}
	}
	return parts
}

func (r *router) addRoute(method string, pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    
    
	parts := parsePattern(pattern)

	key := method + "-" + pattern
	_, ok := r.roots[method]
	if !ok {
    
    
		r.roots[method] = &node{
    
    }
	}
	r.roots[method].insert(pattern, parts, 0)
	r.handlers[key] = handler
}

func (r *router) getRoute(method string, path string) (*node, map[string]string) {
    
    
	searchParts := parsePattern(path)
	params := make(map[string]string)
	root, ok := r.roots[method]

	if !ok {
    
    
		return nil, nil
	}

	n := root.search(searchParts, 0)

	if n != nil {
    
    
		parts := parsePattern(n.pattern)
		for index, part := range parts {
    
    
			if part[0] == ':' {
    
    
				params[part[1:]] = searchParts[index]
			}
			if part[0] == '*' && len(part) > 1 {
    
    
				params[part[1:]] = strings.Join(searchParts[index:], "/")
				break
			}
		}
		return n, params
	}

	return nil, nil
}

func (r *router) getRoutes(method string) []*node {
    
    
	root, ok := r.roots[method]
	if !ok {
    
    
		return nil
	}
	nodes := make([]*node, 0)
	root.travel(&nodes)
	return nodes
}

func (r *router) handle(c *Context) {
    
    
	n, params := r.getRoute(c.Method, c.Path)

	if n != nil {
    
    
		key := c.Method + "-" + n.pattern
		c.Params = params
		c.handlers = append(c.handlers, r.handlers[key])
	} else {
    
    
		c.handlers = append(c.handlers, func(c *Context) {
    
    
			c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "404 NOT FOUND: %s\n", c.Path)
		})
	}
	c.Next()
}

context.go

package gee

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

type H map[string]interface{
    
    }

type Context struct {
    
    
	// origin objects
	Writer http.ResponseWriter
	Req    *http.Request
	// request info
	Path   string
	Method string
	Params map[string]string
	// response info
	StatusCode int
	// middleware
	handlers []HandlerFunc
	index    int
}

func newContext(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) *Context {
    
    
	return &Context{
    
    
		Path:   req.URL.Path,
		Method: req.Method,
		Req:    req,
		Writer: w,
		index:  -1,
	}
}

func (c *Context) Next() {
    
    
	c.index++
	s := len(c.handlers)
	for ; c.index < s; c.index++ {
    
    
		c.handlers[c.index](c)
	}
}

func (c *Context) Fail(code int, err string) {
    
    
	c.index = len(c.handlers)
	c.JSON(code, H{
    
    "message": err})
}

func (c *Context) Param(key string) string {
    
    
	value, _ := c.Params[key]
	return value
}

func (c *Context) PostForm(key string) string {
    
    
	return c.Req.FormValue(key)
}

func (c *Context) Query(key string) string {
    
    
	return c.Req.URL.Query().Get(key)
}

func (c *Context) Status(code int) {
    
    
	c.StatusCode = code
	c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
}

func (c *Context) SetHeader(key string, value string) {
    
    
	c.Writer.Header().Set(key, value)
}

func (c *Context) String(code int, format string, values ...interface{
    
    }) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, values...)))
}

func (c *Context) JSON(code int, obj interface{
    
    }) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
	c.Status(code)
	encoder := json.NewEncoder(c.Writer)
	if err := encoder.Encode(obj); err != nil {
    
    
		http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
	}
}

func (c *Context) Data(code int, data []byte) {
    
    
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write(data)
}

func (c *Context) HTML(code int, html string) {
    
    
	c.SetHeader("Content-Type", "text/html")
	c.Status(code)
	c.Writer.Write([]byte(html))
}

理解

中间件由分组实现了嵌套,目前理解为多层hook

测试

gee.Logger()即我们一开始就介绍的中间件,我们将这个中间件和框架代码放在了一起,作为框架默认提供的中间件。在这个例子中,我们将gee.Logger()应用在了全局,所有的路由都会应用该中间件。onlyForV2()是用来测试功能的,仅在v2对应的 Group 中应用了。

$ curl http://localhost:9999/
<h1>Hello Gee</h1>

$ go run main.go
2021/11/24 23:11:28 Route  GET - /
2021/11/24 23:11:28 Route  GET - /v2/hello/:name

2021/11/24 23:11:37 [200] / in 0s



$ curl http://localhost:9999/v2/hello/nihao
{
    
    "message":"Internal Server Error"}

$ go run main.go
2021/11/24 23:11:28 Route  GET - /
2021/11/24 23:11:28 Route  GET - /v2/hello/:name

2021/11/24 23:12:30 [500] /v2/hello/nihao in 0s for group v2
2021/11/24 23:12:30 [500] /v2/hello/nihao in 0s

web框架太难,优先级太低,以后有机会再学习

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_42956653/article/details/121459956