--查询所有表
SELECT NAME,* FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE XTYPE='U' order by SYSOBJECTS.name
--查询所有存储过程
select * from sysobjects where type='P' order by [name]
--查询表约束
exec sp_helpconstraint @objname=book_detail --@objname=prx_class
go
-- 查看内容(存储过程)
sp_helptext 'P_Sys_MenuList'
--查询所有触发器
select name from sysobjects where xtype='TR'
--查询所有视图
select name from sysobjects where xtype='V'
--查询触发器与关联表
SELECT tb2.name AS tableName,tb1.name AS triggerName FROM Sysobjects tb1 JOIN Sysobjects tb2 ON tb1.parent_obj=tb2.id WHERE tb1.type='TR'
/**判断是否存在该触发器**/
--if exists (select * from sysobjects where id=object_id(N'Trg_IC_Log_Insert1') and type='tr')
-- or
if (object_id('Trg_IC_Log_Insert1','tr') is not null )
drop TRIGGER [Trg_IC_Log_Insert1]
go
/*修改表命令*/
--移除主键
alter table tb_name drop constraint PK_name
--添加多列主键
alter table tb_name add constraint PK_name primary key(column1,column2,column3)
--修改表列名或属性 add 增加列,drop 移除列
alter table tb_name alter column column1 varchar(10) null
--通过某个字段名称找到数据库中对应的表
USE Works
GO
select DISTINCT object_name(id)
from syscolumns
where name like '%the_class%' order by 1
GO
------------------------------------------
select * from sysobjects
where object_name(id) in (
'OE_ORDER_LINES_ALL',
'OE_ORDER_HEADERS_ALL',
'OE_TRANSACTION_TYPES_TL',
'FNDLOOKUPVALUES',
'HZ_CUST_SITE_USES_ALL',
'HZ_CUST_ACCT_SITES_ALL')
--sql 按默认顺序排序，生成RowNum列(行号列)
select identity(int,1,1) as sort,* into #temp from tb1
select * from #temp order by sort
select * from 表名 as a where exists (select 1 from
(select 工单编号,max(处理时间) as 处理时间 from 表名 group by 工单编号) as b where a.工单编号=b.工单编号 and a.处理时间=b.处理时间)
SELECT * FROM
(
select row_number() over(partition by mn order by NotesTime DESC) as number,* from T_TaskNotes
) as tb where number=1
Use newzs
go
sp_change_users_login 'update_one', 'infos1', 'infos1'
/*
其中newzs为存在孤立用户的数据库，update_one是存储过程的参数，表示只处理一个用户，前一个infos1是“用户”，后一个infos1是“登录”，以上这个SQL表示将服务器登录“infos1”与 newzs数据库用户“infos1”重新连接起来。这样就可以正常使用数据库了
*/
/*数据库手动抛出错误异常*/
--内容 级别
RAISERROR ('678 ''数据异常'' 已经结账' , 16, 1) WITH NOWAIT
RAISERROR ('无效用户ID。' , 16, 1)
/*分词搜索查找*/
declare @a varchar(10)
declare @s varchar(1000)
declare @t table(name varchar(10))
set @a='a,b,c'
set @s=right(replace(','+@a,',',''' as name union select '''),len(replace(','+@a,',',''' as name union select '''))-15)+''''
insert into @t exec(@s)
select * from tb b where exists
(select 1 from @t a where charindex(a.name,b.name)>0)
if object_id('[tb]') is not null drop table [tb]
create table [tb] (id int,name varchar(25))
insert into [tb]
select 1,'asdf富士康sfsaf' union all
select 2,'富士康sdaf跳楼' union all
select 3,'sdaf跳楼' union all
select 4,'asdf富士康as跳楼郭台铭asf' union all
select 5,'郭台铭asf'
declare @name varchar(50),@sql varchar(8000)
set @Name='富士康 跳楼 郭台铭'
set @sql=' (case when charindex('''+replace(@name,' ',''',name)>0 then 1 else 0 end)+(case when charindex(''')+''',name)>0 then 1 else 0 end)'
set @sql='select * from tb order by '+@sql+' desc'
/**全文检索（查询整个数据库中某个特定值所在的表和字段的方法 ）**/
DECLARE @keyWord VARCHAR(200)
set @keyWord='hy'
-- 最大的长度.
DECLARE @MaxLength INT;
-- 数据库表名称
DECLARE @TableName VARCHAR(100);
-- 数据库表ID
DECLARE @object_id INT;
-- 查询列名的SQL
DECLARE @ColumnSql VARCHAR(500);
-- 列名.
DECLARE @clumnName VARCHAR(20);
-- 查询 数据是否存在的SQL
DECLARE @Sql NVARCHAR(500);
-- 查询 数据是否存在结果
DECLARE @RowCount INT;
BEGIN
-- 取得 传入的 字符串长度
-- 对于 表定义中， 字段长度小于 该长度的，将不检索.
SET @MaxLength = LEN(@keyWord);
-- 定义游标. 取得所有的数据库表名称.
DECLARE c_test_main CURSOR FAST_FORWARD FOR
SELECT object_id, name FROM sys.tables
-- 打开游标.
OPEN c_test_main;
-- 填充数据.
FETCH NEXT FROM c_test_main INTO @object_id, @TableName;
-- 假如检索到了数据，才处理.
WHILE @@fetch_status = 0
BEGIN
-- 准备用于执行的 查询列信息的 SQL 语句.
SET @ColumnSql = 'DECLARE cur_column CURSOR for SELECT col.name '
+ ' FROM sys.columns col, sys.types typ ' -- 从列视图 与 数据类型视图查询
+ ' WHERE '
+ ' col.system_type_id = typ.system_type_id' -- 列视图 与 数据类型视图 关联
+ ' AND typ.name IN(''varchar'', ''nvarchar'', ''char'', ''nchar'') ' -- 只查询指定数据类型的.
+ ' AND col.max_length > ' + LTRIM(STR(@MaxLength )) -- 最大长度要大于 输入信息长度的
+ ' AND col.object_id =' + LTRIM(STR(@object_id)); -- 表ID
EXEC(@ColumnSql);
OPEN cur_column;
FETCH next FROM cur_column INTO @clumnName;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
SET @Sql = 'SELECT @RowCount = COUNT(1) FROM ' + @TableName + ' WHERE ' + @clumnName + ' LIKE ''%' + @keyWord + '%'' ';
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @Sql, N'@RowCount INT OUTPUT', @RowCount OUTPUT;
IF @RowCount > 0
BEGIN
PRINT @TableName + '.' + @clumnName;
END
FETCH next FROM cur_column INTO @clumnName;
END
CLOSE cur_column;
DEALLOCATE cur_column;
-- 填充下一条数据.
FETCH NEXT FROM c_test_main INTO @object_id, @TableName;
END;
-- 关闭游标
CLOSE c_test_main;
-- 释放游标.
DEALLOCATE c_test_main;
END
declare @sql nvarchar(max),@search nvarchar(100)
set @search='hy'
set @sql=''
select @sql=@sql+'select top 1 '''+sysobjects.name+''' as [table],'''+syscolumns.name+''' as [columns],'+syscolumns.name+' as [value] from '+sysobjects.name+' where '+syscolumns.name+'='''+@search+''' union all ' from sysobjects inner join syscolumns on sysobjects.id=syscolumns.id where sysobjects.xtype='U' and syscolumns.xtype in (34,35,99,167,175,231,239,241,231)
select @sql=@sql+'select null,null,null'
exec sp_executesql @sql
select convert(varchar(255),'') dsca
into #y
where 1=0
-- delete #y
declare @s varchar(255)
set @s='hy'
DECLARE bbb cursor for
select TABLE_NAME,column_name FROM information_schema.columns
where table_name in (select table_name from information_schema.tables where TABLE_type='BASE TABLE' and table_name like '%%' )
and data_type like '%varchar%'
declare @t varchar(255)
declare @f varchar(255)
open bbb
fetch next from bbb into @t,@f
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
exec( ' if exists (select * from '+@t+' where '+@f+'='+''''+@s+''''+' ) insert into #y select '+''''+@t+'.'+@f+'''' )
--insert into #t select '+''''+'select * from '+@t+' WHERE '+@f+'=@F'+'''
fetch next from bbb into @t,@f
end
close bbb
deallocate bbb
select * from #y
drop table #y
/**全文检索END*/
SET NOCOUNT ON;--存储过程,当 SET NOCOUNT 为 ON 时，不返回计数（表示受 Transact-SQL 语句影响的行数）。当 SET NOCOUNT 为 OFF 时，返回计数。
declare @date datetime,@date1 datetime,@substoreid varchar(20)
set @date='2014-09-22'
set @date1='2014-09-30'
set @substoreid='9001'
--临时表用法
select tag,code,name,num,money into #mid from (
select 1 as tag,prx_code as code,prx_name as name,sum(isnull(num,0)) as num,sum(isnull(money,0)) as money from tb1
union
select 2 as tag,receive_minout.pay_class as code,name as name,0 as num,sum(isnull(money,0)) as money from tb2
) A
select * from #mid order by tag
drop table #mid
--SQL每组数据只取前几条数据的写法
select *
from (select row_number() over(partition by t.type order by date desc) rn,
t.*
from 表名 t)
where rn <= 2;
/*
type要分的类
date 排序
rn 每类要显示几条数据
*/
/*SQL执行中占CPU资源最多的前10条查询 */
select top 20
total_worker_time/execution_count as avg_cpu_cost,plan_handle,
execution_count,
(select substring(text,statement_start_offset/2+1,
(case when statement_end_offset=-1
then len(convert(nvarchar(max),text))*2
else statement_end_offset
end - statement_start_offset)/2)
from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) as query_text
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
order by [avg_cpu_cost] desc
-- 找出工作负荷中运行最频繁的查询
select top 10 total_worker_time,plan_handle,execution_count,
(select substring(text,statement_start_offset /2 +1,
(case when statement_end_offset = -1
then len(convert(nvarchar(max),text))*2
else statement_end_offset
end - statement_start_offset)/2)
from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) as query_text
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
order by execution_count desc
--找到被编译得最多的前10位查询计划
select top 10 plan_generation_num,execution_count,
(select substring(text,statement_start_offset /2 +1,
(case when statement_end_offset = -1
then len(convert(nvarchar(max),text))*2
else statement_end_offset
end - statement_start_offset)/2)
from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) as query_text
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
where plan_generation_num>1
order by plan_generation_num desc
/*查询缺失索引*/
SELECT
DatabaseName = DB_NAME(database_id)
,[Number Indexes Missing] = count(*)
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_details
GROUP BY DB_NAME(database_id)
ORDER BY 2 DESC;
SELECT TOP 10
[Total Cost] = ROUND(avg_total_user_cost * avg_user_impact * (user_seeks + user_scans),0)
, avg_user_impact
, TableName = statement
, [EqualityUsage] = equality_columns
, [InequalityUsage] = inequality_columns
, [Include Cloumns] = included_columns
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups g
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats s
ON s.group_handle = g.index_group_handle
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details d
ON d.index_handle = g.index_handle
ORDER BY [Total Cost] DESC;
/*将一列多行数据合并为一行*/
SELECT DISTINCT [Student]
,STUFF(
(
SELECT ','+[Course]
FROM [dbo].[SC]
WHERE Student = A.Student
FOR XML PATH('')
)
,1,1,''
)AS Course
FROM [dbo].[SC] AS A
/*SQL递归查询*/
WITH SearcRiver AS
(
SELECT RiverID,UpRiverID FROM T_River
WHERE RiverID = '1100000000'
UNION ALL
SELECT A.RiverID,A.UpRiverID FROM T_River A, SearcRiver B
WHERE A.UpRiverID=B.RiverID
)
select * from SearcRiver
--try catch 事物-回滚
begin try
begin transaction tr
select * from Car_Brand
update car_log set [reason]='ceshiceshiceshi' where [modelid]=557;
select 1/0
print 'i have executed!'
select * from AREA
print 'executed success';
commit transaction tr
end try
begin catch
print 'executed failed';
rollback transaction tr
end catch
查询执行命令的错误信息
| 函数 |
描述 |
|---|---|
| ERROR_NUMBER() |
返回导致运行 CATCH 块的错误消息的错误号。 |
| ERROR_SEVERITY() |
返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的严重级别 |
| ERROR_STATE() |
返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的状态号 |
| ERROR_PROCEDURE() |
返回出现错误的存储过程名称 |
| ERROR_LINE() |
返回发生错误的行号 |
| ERROR_MESSAGE() |
返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的完整文本 |
BEGIN CATCH
IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0
ROLLBACK TRAN --RollBack in case of Error
-- you can Raise ERROR with RAISEERROR() Statement including the details of the exception
RAISERROR(ERROR_MESSAGE(), ERROR_SEVERITY(), 1)
END CATCH
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE name='my_sp_test' AND TYPE='P') BEGIN
DROP PROCEDURE my_sp_test;
END;
GO
create procedure my_sp_test @i int, @outstr varchar(100) out as
begin try
declare @j int;
if @i<10 begin
set @outstr = 'system exception.';
set @j = 10/0; -- 因为被除数为0,所以这里将会抛出一个系统的异常
end
else begin
set @j = @i;
set @outstr = 'customer exception';
-- 抛出自定义的异常,在最后的catch块中统一处理异常
RAISERROR (66666, -- Message id.
16, -- Severity,
-- State,
) ;
end;
end try
begin catch
if @@ERROR=66666 begin -- 通过@@ERROR的值来判断是否是自定义的异常
set @outstr = @outstr + '---------------- customer exception';
end;
return;
end catch;
go
如上代码，raiserror参数说明：
(1). Message id ： 异常的唯一标识，且这个值会被赋值给SQLServer的系统变量@@Error。自定义异常的Message Id建议使用50000以后的，因为50000以内的会被系统异常占用。
(2). Severity ： 异常的级别。 可输入1—19的数值。1—10之间不会被catch捕获。19以后是非常严重的级别。
(3). State ： 如果输入负值或大于255 的值会生成错误，产生错误则会中断数据库的连接
执行命令，不返回影响行数消息
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
如上代码，raiserror参数说明：
(1). Message id ： 异常的唯一标识，且这个值会被赋值给SQLServer的系统变量@@Error。
自定义异常的Message Id建议使用50000以后的，因为50000以内的会被系统异常占用。
(2). Severity ： 异常的级别。 可输入1—19的数值。1—10之间不会被catch捕获。19以后是非常严重的级别。
(3). State ： 如果输入负值或大于255 的值会生成错误，产生错误则会中断数据库的连接