目录
前言
昨天微信更新了版本，增加了烟花的表情，有XM同学提出建议，运用python编程实现烟花的效果。正值2021春节到来之际，祝大家2021春节愉快，祝我们的祖国繁荣昌盛！
Gif制作：https://en.softonic.com/best/free-to-play-games/?utm_source=wakeup
一.知识介绍
1.tkinter：这个小项目的主角，是一个python图形模块。且Python3已经自带了该模块，不用另外安装。它有点像java中的swing图形模块（由众多组件集成，组件通过创建实例添加，组件通过坐标定位在窗口上）。
2.PIL：Python Imaging Library，是Python平台的图像处理标准模块。在Python3也是自带的，在这个项目中用于背景图片的导入。
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3.time：相信这个模块大家都不会陌生，导入它用来控制烟花的绽放，坠落及消失时间。
4.random：随机数模块，用于生成烟花随机坐标点，随机绽放速度，随机消失时间。
5.math：这个模块大家应该也很熟悉了，导入它的目的是使烟花绽放的粒子以一定角度散开。
二.完整代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Spyder Editor
This is a temporary script file.
"""
'''
FIREWORKS SIMULATION WITH TKINTER
*self-containing code
*to run: simply type python simple.py in your console
*compatible with both Python 2 and Python 3
*Dependencies: tkinter, Pillow (only for background image)
*The design is based on high school physics, with some small twists only for aesthetics purpose
'''
import tkinter as tk
# from tkinter import messagebox
# from tkinter import PhotoImage
from PIL import Image, ImageTk ,ImageDraw
from time import time, sleep
from random import choice, uniform, randint
from math import sin, cos, radians
from PIL import ImageFont
# gravity, act as our constant g, you can experiment by changing it
GRAVITY = 0.05
# list of color, can choose randomly or use as a queue (FIFO)
colors = ['red', 'blue', 'yellow', 'white', 'green', 'orange', 'purple',
'red', 'blue', 'yellow', 'white', 'green', 'orange', 'purple','seagreen', 'indigo', 'cornflowerblue']
'''
Generic class for particles
particles are emitted almost randomly on the sky, forming a round of circle (a star) before falling and getting removed
from canvas
Attributes:
- id: identifier of a particular particle in a star
- x, y: x,y-coordinate of a star (point of explosion)
- vx, vy: speed of particle in x, y coordinate
- total: total number of particle in a star
- age: how long has the particle last on canvas
- color: self-explantory
- cv: canvas
- lifespan: how long a particle will last on canvas
'''
class part:
def __init__(self, cv, idx, total, explosion_speed, x=0., y=0., vx=0., vy=0., size=2., color='red', lifespan=2,
**kwargs):
self.id = idx
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.initial_speed = explosion_speed
self.vx = vx
self.vy = vy
self.total = total
self.age = 0
self.color = color
self.cv = cv
self.cid = self.cv.create_oval(
x - size, y - size, x + size,
y + size, fill=self.color)
self.lifespan = lifespan
def update(self, dt):
self.age += dt
# particle expansions
if self.alive() and self.expand():
move_x = cos(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total)) * self.initial_speed
move_y = sin(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total)) * self.initial_speed
self.cv.move(self.cid, move_x, move_y)
self.vx = move_x / (float(dt) * 1000)
# falling down in projectile motion
elif self.alive():
move_x = cos(radians(self.id * 360 / self.total))
# we technically don't need to update x, y because move will do the job
self.cv.move(self.cid, self.vx + move_x, self.vy + GRAVITY * dt)
self.vy += GRAVITY * dt
# remove article if it is over the lifespan
elif self.cid is not None:
cv.delete(self.cid)
self.cid = None
# define time frame for expansion
def expand(self):
return self.age <= 1.2
# check if particle is still alive in lifespan
def alive(self):
return self.age <= self.lifespan
'''
Firework simulation loop:
Recursively call to repeatedly emit new fireworks on canvas
a list of list (list of stars, each of which is a list of particles)
is created and drawn on canvas at every call,
via update protocol inside each 'part' object
'''
def simulate(cv):
t = time()
explode_points = []
wait_time = randint(10, 100)
numb_explode = randint(6, 10)
# create list of list of all particles in all simultaneous explosion
# 创建一个所有粒子同时扩大的二维列表
for point in range(numb_explode):
objects = []
x_cordi = randint(50, 1250)
y_cordi = randint(50, 500)
# 烟花降落的速度
speed = uniform(1, 4)
size = uniform(0.5, 3)
color = choice(colors)
explosion_speed = uniform(1.5, 6)
total_particles = randint(20, 100)
for i in range(1, total_particles):
r = part(cv, idx=i, total=total_particles, explosion_speed=explosion_speed, x=x_cordi, y=y_cordi,
vx=speed, vy=speed, color=color, size=size, lifespan=uniform(0.6, 1.75))
objects.append(r)
explode_points.append(objects)
total_time = .0
# keeps undate within a timeframe of 1.8 second
while total_time < 1.8:
sleep(0.01)
tnew = time()
t, dt = tnew, tnew - t
for point in explode_points:
for item in point:
item.update(dt)
cv.update()
total_time += dt
# recursive call to continue adding new explosion on canvas
root.after(wait_time, simulate, cv)
def close(*ignore):
"""Stops simulation loop and closes the window."""
global root
root.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Toplevel()
root.title("2021新年快乐呀^_^")
cv = tk.Canvas(root, height=854, width=1280)
# use a nice background image
# image = Image.open("image1.jpg")
# photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
#
#设置字体，如果没有，也可以不设置
font = ImageFont.truetype("C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simsun.ttc",60) #现在是宋体
#打开底版图片
image=Image.open("image1.jpg")
# 在图片上添加文字 1
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
draw.text((400, 50),"2021要加油哦",fill = "yellow",font=font)
# draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
cv.create_image(0, 0, image=photo, anchor='nw')
cv.pack()
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close)
root.after(100, simulate, cv)
root.mainloop()
三 参考文献
- 代码参考链接：https://github.com/tuangauss/DataScienceProjects/blob/master/Python/fireworks.py
- python 图片上添加文字：https://blog.csdn.net/dyyay521/article/details/102546637
- 【解决问题】Python-Error：image "pyimage1" doesn't exist:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44436677/article/details/105498762