跟我一步一步部署docker容器 作者：张岩峰，转载请注明出处 笔名：云烟旧梦
目录：
1、基础环境检查
2、安装epel源
3、安装官方Docker源
4、安装最新版本Docker并配置
5、启动Docker
6、检查docker配置及启动情况
7、启动第一个Docker容器
1、基础环境检查
#检查环境
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)
#关闭防火墙和SELinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
#检查网络
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com -c 2
PING www.a.shifen.com (110.242.68.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=24.2 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=27.3 ms
#检查内存
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 981 231 102 7 647 595
Swap: 2047 0 2047
2、安装epel源
安装epel源
yum -y install wget
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum -y install lrzsz net-tools epel-release
这里可以看到epel源里也有docker1.13.1
[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker --show-duplicates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* c7-media:
Available Packages
docker.x86_64 2:1.13.1-102.git7f2769b.el7.centos extras
3、安装官方Docker源
安装docker-ce源：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install yum-utils -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
这里可以看到docker-ce源里的docker镜像了
[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker-ce --show-duplicates
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* c7-media:
Available Packages
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.15-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
4、安装最新版本Docker并配置
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/docker
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/docker/
[root@localhost docker]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"graph": "/data/docker",
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"insecure-registries": ["registry.access.redhat.com","quay.io"],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://q2gr04ke.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"bip": "172.43.101.1/24",
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"live-restore": true
}
内容说明：
{
"graph": "/data/docker", #docker工作目录
"storage-driver": "overlay2", #存储驱动
"insecure-registries": ["registry.access.redhat.com","quay.io"], # 不安全的仓库
"registry-mirrors": ["https://q2gr04ke.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], # 加速镜像
"bip": "172.43.101.1/24", #docker的网络,尽量要与宿主机有个对照关系
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], #cgroup的类型
"live-restore": true #让docker容器不依懒docker引擎的死与活
}
5、启动Docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.5
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 55c4c88
Built: Tue Mar 2 20:33:55 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.5
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 363e9a8
Built: Tue Mar 2 20:32:17 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.4.4
GitCommit: 05f951a3781f4f2c1911b05e61c160e9c30eaa8e
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc93
GitCommit: 12644e614e25b05da6fd08a38ffa0cfe1903fdec
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
6、检查docker配置及启动情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 20.10.5 #Docker版本
Storage Driver: overlay2 #存储驱动
Backing Filesystem: xfs #文件系统
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 05f951a3781f4f2c1911b05e61c160e9c30eaa8e
runc version: 12644e614e25b05da6fd08a38ffa0cfe1903fdec
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 981.9MiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: 6WQE:UXYL:LED5:IJM5:FEV4:CEHF:DFLP:VFIE:O262:PK3Y:TADB:AD7H
Docker Root Dir: /data/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
registry.access.redhat.com
quay.io
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://q2gr04ke.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: true
7、启动第一个Docker容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally #<==在本地找不到一个叫hello-world的容器
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:31b9c7d48790f0d8c50ab433d9c3b7e17666d6993084c002c2ff1ca09b96391d #<==分析MD5是否正确
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest #<==下载完成，下载了一个最新的hello-world:latest镜像。
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. (amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
对上面的四步解释：
1、客户端连接到了服务端
2、服务端发现本地没有hello-world镜像，然后从github上拉了下来。
3、然后根据这个镜像作为模板，把这个hello-world容器起来了。
4、Docker守护进程将输出传输到Docker客户端，然后发送到你的终端。