可视化 | Echarts响应式&数据的视觉映射

在这里插入图片描述

ECharts 响应式

ECharts 图表显示在用户指定高宽的 DOM 节点(容器)中。
为了实现PC 和 移动设备上都能够很好的展示图表的内容的响应式设计问题,ECharts 完善了组件的定位设置,并且实现了类似 CSS Media Query 的自适应能力。

ECharts 组件的定位和布局
大部分组件和系列会遵循两种定位方式:

  • left/right/top/bottom/width/height 定位方式
    这六个(left/right/top/bottom/width/height )量中,每个量都可以是绝对』或者百分比或者位置描述。
  1. 绝对值:
    单位是浏览器像素(px),用 number 形式书写(不写单位)。例如 {left: 40, height: 400}。
  2. 百分比:
    表示占 DOM 容器高宽的百分之多少,用 string 形式书写。例如 {right: ‘30%’, bottom: ‘40%’}。
  3. 位置描述
    可以设置 left: ‘center’,表示水平居中。
    可以设置 top: ‘middle’,表示垂直居中。
    这六个量的概念,和 CSS 中六个量的概念类似:
  4. left:距离 DOM 容器左边界的距离。
  5. right:距离 DOM 容器右边界的距离。
  6. top:距离 DOM 容器上边界的距离。
  7. bottom:距离 DOM 容器下边界的距离。
  8. width:宽度。
  9. height:高度。
    在横向,left、right、width 三个量中,只需两个量有值即可,因为任两个量可以决定组件的位置和大小,例如 left 和 right 或者 right 和 width 都可以决定组件的位置和大小。 纵向,top、bottom、height 三个量,和横向类同不赘述。
  • center / radius 定位方式
  1. center
    是一个数组,表示 [x, y],其中,x、y可以是『绝对值』或者『百分比』,含义和前述相同。
  2. radius
    是一个数组,表示 [内半径, 外半径],其中,内外半径可以是绝对值或者百分比,含义和前述相同。在自适应容器大小时,百分比设置是很有用的。
  • 横向(horizontal)和纵向(vertical)
    ECharts的外观狭长型的组件(如 legend、visualMap、dataZoom、timeline等),大多提供了横向布局,纵向布局的选择。例如,在细长的移动端屏幕上,可能适合使用纵向布局;在PC宽屏上,可能适合使用横向布局。
    横纵向布局的设置,一般在组件或者系列的 orient 或者 layout 配置项上,设置为'horizontal'或者'vertical'
$.when(
    $.getScript('https://www.runoob.com/static/js/timelineGDP.js'),
    $.getScript('https://www.runoob.com/static/js/draggable.js')
).done(function () {
    
    

    draggable.init(
        $('div[_echarts_instance_]')[0],
        myChart,
        {
    
    
            width: 700,
            height: 400,
            throttle: 70
        }
    );

    myChart.hideLoading();



    option = {
    
    
        baseOption: {
    
    
            title : {
    
    
                text: '南丁格尔玫瑰图',
                subtext: '纯属虚构',
                x:'center'
            },
            tooltip : {
    
    
                trigger: 'item',
                formatter: "{
    
    a} <br/>{
    
    b} : {
    
    c} ({
    
    d}%)"
            },
            legend: {
    
    
                data:['rose1','rose2','rose3','rose4','rose5','rose6','rose7','rose8']
            },
            toolbox: {
    
    
                show : true,
                feature : {
    
    
                    mark : {
    
    show: true},
                    dataView : {
    
    show: true, readOnly: false},
                    magicType : {
    
    
                        show: true,
                        type: ['pie', 'funnel']
                    },
                    restore : {
    
    show: true},
                    saveAsImage : {
    
    show: true}
                }
            },
            calculable : true,
            series : [
                {
    
    
                    name:'半径模式',
                    type:'pie',
                    roseType : 'radius',
                    label: {
    
    
                        normal: {
    
    
                            show: false
                        },
                        emphasis: {
    
    
                            show: true
                        }
                    },
                    lableLine: {
    
    
                        normal: {
    
    
                            show: false
                        },
                        emphasis: {
    
    
                            show: true
                        }
                    },
                    data:[
                        {
    
    value:10, name:'rose1'},
                        {
    
    value:5, name:'rose2'},
                        {
    
    value:15, name:'rose3'},
                        {
    
    value:25, name:'rose4'},
                        {
    
    value:20, name:'rose5'},
                        {
    
    value:35, name:'rose6'},
                        {
    
    value:30, name:'rose7'},
                        {
    
    value:40, name:'rose8'}
                    ]
                },
                {
    
    
                    name:'面积模式',
                    type:'pie',
                    roseType : 'area',
                    data:[
                        {
    
    value:10, name:'rose1'},
                        {
    
    value:5, name:'rose2'},
                        {
    
    value:15, name:'rose3'},
                        {
    
    value:25, name:'rose4'},
                        {
    
    value:20, name:'rose5'},
                        {
    
    value:35, name:'rose6'},
                        {
    
    value:30, name:'rose7'},
                        {
    
    value:40, name:'rose8'}
                    ]
                }
            ]
        },
        media: [
            {
    
    
                option: {
    
    
                    legend: {
    
    
                        right: 'center',
                        bottom: 0,
                        orient: 'horizontal'
                    },
                    series: [
                        {
    
    
                            radius: [20, '50%'],
                            center: ['25%', '50%']
                        },
                        {
    
    
                            radius: [30, '50%'],
                            center: ['75%', '50%']
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
    
    
                query: {
    
    
                    minAspectRatio: 1
                },
                option: {
    
    
                    legend: {
    
    
                        right: 'center',
                        bottom: 0,
                        orient: 'horizontal'
                    },
                    series: [
                        {
    
    
                            radius: [20, '50%'],
                            center: ['25%', '50%']
                        },
                        {
    
    
                            radius: [30, '50%'],
                            center: ['75%', '50%']
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
    
    
                query: {
    
    
                    maxAspectRatio: 1
                },
                option: {
    
    
                    legend: {
    
    
                        right: 'center',
                        bottom: 0,
                        orient: 'horizontal'
                    },
                    series: [
                        {
    
    
                            radius: [20, '50%'],
                            center: ['50%', '30%']
                        },
                        {
    
    
                            radius: [30, '50%'],
                            center: ['50%', '70%']
                        }
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
    
    
                query: {
    
    
                    maxWidth: 500
                },
                option: {
    
    
                    legend: {
    
    
                        right: 10,
                        top: '15%',
                        orient: 'vertical'
                    },
                    series: [
                        {
    
    
                            radius: [20, '50%'],
                            center: ['50%', '30%']
                        },
                        {
    
    
                            radius: [30, '50%'],
                            center: ['50%', '75%']
                        }
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    };



    myChart.setOption(option);

});

在这里插入图片描述
要在 option 中设置 Media Query 须遵循如下格式:

option = {
    
    
    baseOption: {
    
     // 这里是基本的『原子option』。
        title: {
    
    ...},
        legend: {
    
    ...},
        series: [{
    
    ...}, {
    
    ...}, ...],
        ...
    },
    media: [ // 这里定义了 media query 的逐条规则。
        {
    
    
            query: {
    
    ...},   // 这里写规则。
            option: {
    
           // 这里写此规则满足下的option。
                legend: {
    
    ...},
                ...
            }
        },
        {
    
    
            query: {
    
    ...},   // 第二个规则。
            option: {
    
           // 第二个规则对应的option。
                legend: {
    
    ...},
                ...
            }
        },
        {
    
                       // 这条里没有写规则,表示『默认』,
            option: {
    
           // 即所有规则都不满足时,采纳这个option。
                legend: {
    
    ...},
                ...
            }
        }
    ]
};

baseOption、以及 media 每个 option 都是『原子 option』,即普通的含有各组件、系列定义的 option。而由『原子option』组合成的整个 option,我们称为『复合 option』。baseOption 是必然被使用的,此外,满足了某个 query 条件时,对应的 option 会被使用 chart.mergeOption() 来 merge 进去。

query
每个 query 类似于这样:

{
    
    
    minWidth: 200,
    maxHeight: 300,
    minAspectRatio: 1.3
}

现在支持三个属性:width、height、aspectRatio(长宽比)。每个属性都可以加上 min 或 max 前缀。比如,minWidth: 200 表示『大于等于200px宽度』。两个属性一起写表示『并且』,比如:{minWidth: 200, maxHeight: 300} 表示『大于等于200px宽度,并且小于等于300px高度』。

option
media中的 option 既然是『原子 option』,理论上可以写任何 option 的配置项。但是一般我们只写跟布局定位相关的,例如截取上面例子中的一部分 query option:

media: [
    ...,
    {
    
    
        query: {
    
    
            maxAspectRatio: 1           // 当长宽比小于1时。
        },
        option: {
    
    
            legend: {
    
                       // legend 放在底部中间。
                right: 'center',
                bottom: 0,
                orient: 'horizontal'    // legend 横向布局。
            },
            series: [                   // 两个饼图左右布局。
                {
    
    
                    radius: [20, '50%'],
                    center: ['50%', '30%']
                },
                {
    
    
                    radius: [30, '50%'],
                    center: ['50%', '70%']
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    {
    
    
        query: {
    
    
            maxWidth: 500               // 当容器宽度小于 500 时。
        },
        option: {
    
    
            legend: {
    
    
                right: 10,              // legend 放置在右侧中间。
                top: '15%',
                orient: 'vertical'      // 纵向布局。
            },
            series: [                   // 两个饼图上下布局。
                {
    
    
                    radius: [20, '50%'],
                    center: ['50%', '30%']
                },
                {
    
    
                    radius: [30, '50%'],
                    center: ['50%', '75%']
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    ...
]

多个 query 被满足时的优先级
注意,可以有多个 query 同时被满足,会都被 mergeOption,定义在后的后被 merge(即优先级更高)。

默认 query
如果 media 中有某项不写 query,则表示『默认值』,即所有规则都不满足时,采纳这个option。

容器大小实时变化时的注意事项
在不少情况下,并不需要容器DOM节点任意随着拖拽变化大小,而是只是根据不同终端设置几个典型尺寸。
但是如果容器DOM节点需要能任意随着拖拽变化大小,那么目前使用时需要注意这件事:某个配置项,如果在某一个 query option 中出现,那么在其他 query option 中也必须出现,否则不能够回归到原来的状态。(left/right/top/bottom/width/height 不受这个限制。)

复合 option 中的media 不支持 merge
也就是说,当第二(或三、四、五 …)次 chart.setOption(rawOption) 时,如果 rawOption 是 复合option(即包含 media 列表),那么新的 rawOption.media 列表不会和老的 media 列表进行 merge,而是简单替代。当然,rawOption.baseOption 仍然会正常和老的 option 进行merge。 其实,很少有场景需要使用『复合 option』来多次 setOption,而我们推荐的做法是,使用 mediaQuery 时,第一次setOption使用『复合 option』,后面 setOption 时仅使用 『原子 option』,也就是仅仅用 setOption 来改变 baseOption。

以下中我们使用了 jQuery 来加载外部数据,使用时我们需要引入 jQuery 库。该实例是一个和时间轴结合的例子:

$.when(
    $.getScript('https://www.runoob.com/static/js/timelineGDP.js'),
    $.getScript('https://www.runoob.com/static/js/draggable.js')
).done(function () {
    
    

    draggable.init(
        $('div[_echarts_instance_]')[0],
        myChart,
        {
    
    
            width: 700,
            height: 630,
            lockY: true,
            throttle: 70
        }
    );

    myChart.hideLoading();

    var categoryData = [
        '北京','天津','河北','山西','内蒙古','辽宁','吉林','黑龙江',
        '上海','江苏','浙江','安徽','福建','江西','山东','河南',
        '湖北','湖南','广东','广西','海南','重庆','四川','贵州',
        '云南','西藏','陕西','甘肃','青海','宁夏','新疆'
    ];


    option = {
    
    
        baseOption: {
    
    
            timeline: {
    
    
                axisType: 'category',
                autoPlay: true,
                playInterval: 1000,
                data: [
                    '2002-01-01', '2003-01-01', '2004-01-01',
                    '2005-01-01', '2006-01-01', '2007-01-01',
                    '2008-01-01', '2009-01-01', '2010-01-01',
                    '2011-01-01'
                ],
                label: {
    
    
                    formatter : function(s) {
    
    
                        return (new Date(s)).getFullYear();
                    }
                }
            },
            title: {
    
    
                subtext: 'Media Query 示例'
            },
            tooltip: {
    
    
                trigger:'axis',
                axisPointer: {
    
    
                    type: 'shadow'
                }
            },
            xAxis: {
    
    
                type: 'value',
                name: 'GDP(亿元)',
                max: 30000,
                data: null
            },
            yAxis: {
    
    
                type: 'category',
                data: categoryData,
                axisLabel: {
    
    interval: 0},
                splitLine: {
    
    show: false}
            },
            legend: {
    
    
                data: ['第一产业', '第二产业', '第三产业', 'GDP', '金融', '房地产'],
                selected: {
    
    
                    'GDP': false, '金融': false, '房地产': false
                }
            },
            calculable : true,
            series: [
                {
    
    name: 'GDP', type: 'bar'},
                {
    
    name: '金融', type: 'bar'},
                {
    
    name: '房地产', type: 'bar'},
                {
    
    name: '第一产业', type: 'bar'},
                {
    
    name: '第二产业', type: 'bar'},
                {
    
    name: '第三产业', type: 'bar'},
                {
    
    name: 'GDP占比', type: 'pie'}
            ]
        },
        media: [
            {
    
    
                option: {
    
    
                    legend: {
    
    
                        orient: 'horizontal',
                        left: 'right',
                        itemGap: 10
                    },
                    grid: {
    
    
                        left: '10%',
                        top: 80,
                        right: 90,
                        bottom: 100
                    },
                    xAxis: {
    
    
                        nameLocation: 'end',
                        nameGap: 10,
                        splitNumber: 5,
                        splitLine: {
    
    
                            show: true
                        }
                    },
                    timeline: {
    
    
                        orient: 'horizontal',
                        inverse: false,
                        left: '20%',
                        right: '20%',
                        bottom: 10,
                        height: 40
                    },
                    series: [
                        {
    
    name: 'GDP占比', center: ['75%', '30%'], radius: '28%'}
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
    
    
                query: {
    
    maxWidth: 670, minWidth: 550},
                option: {
    
    
                    legend: {
    
    
                        orient: 'horizontal',
                        left: 200,
                        itemGap: 5
                    },
                    grid: {
    
    
                        left: '10%',
                        top: 80,
                        right: 90,
                        bottom: 100
                    },
                    xAxis: {
    
    
                        nameLocation: 'end',
                        nameGap: 10,
                        splitNumber: 5,
                        splitLine: {
    
    
                            show: true
                        }
                    },
                    timeline: {
    
    
                        orient: 'horizontal',
                        inverse: false,
                        left: '20%',
                        right: '20%',
                        bottom: 10,
                        height: 40
                    },
                    series: [
                        {
    
    name: 'GDP占比', center: ['75%', '30%'], radius: '28%'}
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
    
    
                query: {
    
    maxWidth: 550},
                option: {
    
    
                    legend: {
    
    
                        orient: 'vertical',
                        left: 'right',
                        itemGap: 5
                    },
                    grid: {
    
    
                        left: 55,
                        top: '32%',
                        right: 100,
                        bottom: 50
                    },
                    xAxis: {
    
    
                        nameLocation: 'middle',
                        nameGap: 25,
                        splitNumber: 3
                    },
                    timeline: {
    
    
                        orient: 'vertical',
                        inverse: true,
                        right: 10,
                        top: 150,
                        bottom: 10,
                        width: 55
                    },
                    series: [
                        {
    
    name: 'GDP占比', center: ['45%', '20%'], radius: '28%'}
                    ]
                }
            }
        ],
        options: [
            {
    
    
                title: {
    
    text: '2002全国宏观经济指标'},
                series: [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2002']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2002']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2002']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2002']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2002']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2002']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2002sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2002sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2002sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2003全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2003']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2003']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2003']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2003']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2003']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2003']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2003sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2003sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2003sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2004全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2004']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2004']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2004']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2004']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2004']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2004']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2004sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2004sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2004sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2005全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2005']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2005']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2005']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2005']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2005']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2005']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2005sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2005sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2005sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2006全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2006']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2006']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2006']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2006']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2006']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2006']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2006sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2006sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2006sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2007全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2007']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2007']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2007']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2007']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2007']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2007']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2007sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2007sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2007sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2008全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2008']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2008']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2008']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2008']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2008']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2008']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2008sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2008sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2008sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2009全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2009']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2009']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2009']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2009']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2009']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2009']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2009sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2009sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2009sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2010全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2010']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2010']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2010']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2010']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2010']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2010']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2010sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2010sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2010sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            },
            {
    
    
                title : {
    
    text: '2011全国宏观经济指标'},
                series : [
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataGDP['2011']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataFinancial['2011']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataEstate['2011']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataPI['2011']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataSI['2011']},
                    {
    
    data: dataMap.dataTI['2011']},
                    {
    
    data: [
                        {
    
    name: '第一产业', value: dataMap.dataPI['2011sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第二产业', value: dataMap.dataSI['2011sum']},
                        {
    
    name: '第三产业', value: dataMap.dataTI['2011sum']}
                    ]}
                ]
            }
        ]
    };

    myChart.setOption(option);

});

在这里插入图片描述

ECharts 数据的视觉映射

数据可视化简单来讲就是将数据用图表的形式来展示,专业的表达方式就是数据到视觉元素的映射过程。
ECharts 的每种图表本身就内置了这种映射过程,我们之前学习到的柱形图就是将数据映射到长度。
此外,ECharts 还提供了 visualMap 组件 来提供通用的视觉映射。visualMap 组件中可以使用的视觉元素有:

  • 图形类别(symbol)
  • 图形大小(symbolSize)
  • 颜色(color)
  • 透明度(opacity)
  • 颜色透明度(colorAlpha)
  • 颜色明暗度(colorLightness)
  • 颜色饱和度(colorSaturation)
  • 色调(colorHue)

数据和维度
ECharts 中的数据,一般存放于 series.data 中
不同的图表类型,数据格式有所不一样,但是他们的共同特点就都是数据项(dataItem) 的集合。每个数据项含有 数据值(value) 和其他信息(可选)。每个数据值,可以是单一的数值(一维)或者一个数组(多维)。

series.data 最常见的形式 是线性表,即一个普通数组:

series: {
    
    
    data: [
        {
    
           // 这里每一个项就是数据项(dataItem)
            value: 2323, // 这是数据项的数据值(value)
            itemStyle: {
    
    ...}
        },
        1212,   // 也可以直接是 dataItem 的 value,这更常见。
        2323,   // 每个 value 都是『一维』的。
        4343,
        3434
    ]
}
series: {
    
    
    data: [
        {
    
                            // 这里每一个项就是数据项(dataItem)
            value: [3434, 129,  '圣马力诺'], // 这是数据项的数据值(value)
            itemStyle: {
    
    ...}
        },
        [1212, 5454, '梵蒂冈'],   // 也可以直接是 dataItem 的 value,这更常见。
        [2323, 3223, '瑙鲁'],     // 每个 value 都是『三维』的,每列是一个维度。
        [4343, 23,   '图瓦卢']    // 假如是『气泡图』,常见第一维度映射到x轴,
                                 // 第二维度映射到y轴,
                                 // 第三维度映射到气泡半径(symbolSize)
    ]
}

visualMap 组件
visualMap 组件定义了把数据的指定维度映射到对应的视觉元素上。
visualMap 组件可以定义多个,从而可以同时对数据中的多个维度进行视觉映射。
visualMap 组件可以定义为 分段型(visualMapPiecewise) 或 连续型(visualMapContinuous),通过 type 来区分。

option = {
    
    
    visualMap: [
        {
    
     // 第一个 visualMap 组件
            type: 'continuous', // 定义为连续型 visualMap
            ...
        },
        {
    
     // 第二个 visualMap 组件
            type: 'piecewise', // 定义为分段型 visualMap
            ...
        }
    ],
    ...
};

分段型视觉映射组件,有三种模式:

  • 连续型数据平均分段: 依据 visualMap-piecewise.splitNumber 来自动平均分割成若干块。
  • 连续型数据自定义分段: 依据 visualMap-piecewise.pieces 来定义每块范围。
  • 离散数据根据类别分段: 类别定义在 visualMap-piecewise.categories 中。

分段型视觉映射组件,展现形式如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html style="height: 100%">
   <head>
       <meta charset="utf-8">
   </head>
   <body style="height: 100%; margin: 0">
       <div id="container" style="height: 100%"></div>
       <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts/dist/echarts.min.js"></script>
       <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts-gl/dist/echarts-gl.min.js"></script>
       <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts-stat/dist/ecStat.min.js"></script>
       <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts/dist/extension/dataTool.min.js"></script>
       <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts/map/js/china.js"></script>
       <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts/map/js/world.js"></script>
       <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts/dist/extension/bmap.min.js"></script>
       <script type="text/javascript">
var dom = document.getElementById("container");
var myChart = echarts.init(dom);
var app = {
    
    };
option = null;
var geoCoordMap = {
    
    
    "海门":[121.15,31.89],
    "鄂尔多斯":[109.781327,39.608266],
    "招远":[120.38,37.35],
    "舟山":[122.207216,29.985295],
    "齐齐哈尔":[123.97,47.33],
    "盐城":[120.13,33.38],
    "赤峰":[118.87,42.28],
    "青岛":[120.33,36.07],
    "乳山":[121.52,36.89],
    "金昌":[102.188043,38.520089],
    "泉州":[118.58,24.93],
    "莱西":[120.53,36.86],
    "日照":[119.46,35.42],
    "胶南":[119.97,35.88],
    "南通":[121.05,32.08],
    "拉萨":[91.11,29.97],
    "云浮":[112.02,22.93],
    "梅州":[116.1,24.55],
    "文登":[122.05,37.2],
    "上海":[121.48,31.22],
    "攀枝花":[101.718637,26.582347],
    "威海":[122.1,37.5],
    "承德":[117.93,40.97],
    "厦门":[118.1,24.46],
    "汕尾":[115.375279,22.786211],
    "潮州":[116.63,23.68],
    "丹东":[124.37,40.13],
    "太仓":[121.1,31.45],
    "曲靖":[103.79,25.51],
    "烟台":[121.39,37.52],
    "福州":[119.3,26.08],
    "瓦房店":[121.979603,39.627114],
    "即墨":[120.45,36.38],
    "抚顺":[123.97,41.97],
    "玉溪":[102.52,24.35],
    "张家口":[114.87,40.82],
    "阳泉":[113.57,37.85],
    "莱州":[119.942327,37.177017],
    "湖州":[120.1,30.86],
    "汕头":[116.69,23.39],
    "昆山":[120.95,31.39],
    "宁波":[121.56,29.86],
    "湛江":[110.359377,21.270708],
    "揭阳":[116.35,23.55],
    "荣成":[122.41,37.16],
    "连云港":[119.16,34.59],
    "葫芦岛":[120.836932,40.711052],
    "常熟":[120.74,31.64],
    "东莞":[113.75,23.04],
    "河源":[114.68,23.73],
    "淮安":[119.15,33.5],
    "泰州":[119.9,32.49],
    "南宁":[108.33,22.84],
    "营口":[122.18,40.65],
    "惠州":[114.4,23.09],
    "江阴":[120.26,31.91],
    "蓬莱":[120.75,37.8],
    "韶关":[113.62,24.84],
    "嘉峪关":[98.289152,39.77313],
    "广州":[113.23,23.16],
    "延安":[109.47,36.6],
    "太原":[112.53,37.87],
    "清远":[113.01,23.7],
    "中山":[113.38,22.52],
    "昆明":[102.73,25.04],
    "寿光":[118.73,36.86],
    "盘锦":[122.070714,41.119997],
    "长治":[113.08,36.18],
    "深圳":[114.07,22.62],
    "珠海":[113.52,22.3],
    "宿迁":[118.3,33.96],
    "咸阳":[108.72,34.36],
    "铜川":[109.11,35.09],
    "平度":[119.97,36.77],
    "佛山":[113.11,23.05],
    "海口":[110.35,20.02],
    "江门":[113.06,22.61],
    "章丘":[117.53,36.72],
    "肇庆":[112.44,23.05],
    "大连":[121.62,38.92],
    "临汾":[111.5,36.08],
    "吴江":[120.63,31.16],
    "石嘴山":[106.39,39.04],
    "沈阳":[123.38,41.8],
    "苏州":[120.62,31.32],
    "茂名":[110.88,21.68],
    "嘉兴":[120.76,30.77],
    "长春":[125.35,43.88],
    "胶州":[120.03336,36.264622],
    "银川":[106.27,38.47],
    "张家港":[120.555821,31.875428],
    "三门峡":[111.19,34.76],
    "锦州":[121.15,41.13],
    "南昌":[115.89,28.68],
    "柳州":[109.4,24.33],
    "三亚":[109.511909,18.252847],
    "自贡":[104.778442,29.33903],
    "吉林":[126.57,43.87],
    "阳江":[111.95,21.85],
    "泸州":[105.39,28.91],
    "西宁":[101.74,36.56],
    "宜宾":[104.56,29.77],
    "呼和浩特":[111.65,40.82],
    "成都":[104.06,30.67],
    "大同":[113.3,40.12],
    "镇江":[119.44,32.2],
    "桂林":[110.28,25.29],
    "张家界":[110.479191,29.117096],
    "宜兴":[119.82,31.36],
    "北海":[109.12,21.49],
    "西安":[108.95,34.27],
    "金坛":[119.56,31.74],
    "东营":[118.49,37.46],
    "牡丹江":[129.58,44.6],
    "遵义":[106.9,27.7],
    "绍兴":[120.58,30.01],
    "扬州":[119.42,32.39],
    "常州":[119.95,31.79],
    "潍坊":[119.1,36.62],
    "重庆":[106.54,29.59],
    "台州":[121.420757,28.656386],
    "南京":[118.78,32.04],
    "滨州":[118.03,37.36],
    "贵阳":[106.71,26.57],
    "无锡":[120.29,31.59],
    "本溪":[123.73,41.3],
    "克拉玛依":[84.77,45.59],
    "渭南":[109.5,34.52],
    "马鞍山":[118.48,31.56],
    "宝鸡":[107.15,34.38],
    "焦作":[113.21,35.24],
    "句容":[119.16,31.95],
    "北京":[116.46,39.92],
    "徐州":[117.2,34.26],
    "衡水":[115.72,37.72],
    "包头":[110,40.58],
    "绵阳":[104.73,31.48],
    "乌鲁木齐":[87.68,43.77],
    "枣庄":[117.57,34.86],
    "杭州":[120.19,30.26],
    "淄博":[118.05,36.78],
    "鞍山":[122.85,41.12],
    "溧阳":[119.48,31.43],
    "库尔勒":[86.06,41.68],
    "安阳":[114.35,36.1],
    "开封":[114.35,34.79],
    "济南":[117,36.65],
    "德阳":[104.37,31.13],
    "温州":[120.65,28.01],
    "九江":[115.97,29.71],
    "邯郸":[114.47,36.6],
    "临安":[119.72,30.23],
    "兰州":[103.73,36.03],
    "沧州":[116.83,38.33],
    "临沂":[118.35,35.05],
    "南充":[106.110698,30.837793],
    "天津":[117.2,39.13],
    "富阳":[119.95,30.07],
    "泰安":[117.13,36.18],
    "诸暨":[120.23,29.71],
    "郑州":[113.65,34.76],
    "哈尔滨":[126.63,45.75],
    "聊城":[115.97,36.45],
    "芜湖":[118.38,31.33],
    "唐山":[118.02,39.63],
    "平顶山":[113.29,33.75],
    "邢台":[114.48,37.05],
    "德州":[116.29,37.45],
    "济宁":[116.59,35.38],
    "荆州":[112.239741,30.335165],
    "宜昌":[111.3,30.7],
    "义乌":[120.06,29.32],
    "丽水":[119.92,28.45],
    "洛阳":[112.44,34.7],
    "秦皇岛":[119.57,39.95],
    "株洲":[113.16,27.83],
    "石家庄":[114.48,38.03],
    "莱芜":[117.67,36.19],
    "常德":[111.69,29.05],
    "保定":[115.48,38.85],
    "湘潭":[112.91,27.87],
    "金华":[119.64,29.12],
    "岳阳":[113.09,29.37],
    "长沙":[113,28.21],
    "衢州":[118.88,28.97],
    "廊坊":[116.7,39.53],
    "菏泽":[115.480656,35.23375],
    "合肥":[117.27,31.86],
    "武汉":[114.31,30.52],
    "大庆":[125.03,46.58]
};

var convertData = function (data) {
    
    
    var res = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
    
    
        var geoCoord = geoCoordMap[data[i].name];
        if (geoCoord) {
    
    
            res.push(geoCoord.concat(data[i].value));
        }
    }
    return res;
};

option = {
    
    
    backgroundColor: '#404a59',
    title: {
    
    
        text: '全国主要城市空气质量',
        subtext: 'data from PM25.in',
        sublink: 'http://www.pm25.in',
        left: 'center',
        textStyle: {
    
    
            color: '#fff'
        }
    },
    tooltip: {
    
    
        trigger: 'item'
    },
    legend: {
    
    
        orient: 'vertical',
        top: 'bottom',
        left: 'right',
        data:['pm2.5'],
        textStyle: {
    
    
            color: '#fff'
        }
    },
    visualMap: {
    
    
        min: 0,
        max: 300,
        splitNumber: 5,
        color: ['#d94e5d','#eac736','#50a3ba'],
        textStyle: {
    
    
            color: '#fff'
        }
    },
    geo: {
    
    
        map: 'china',
        label: {
    
    
            emphasis: {
    
    
                show: false
            }
        },
        itemStyle: {
    
    
            normal: {
    
    
                areaColor: '#323c48',
                borderColor: '#111'
            },
            emphasis: {
    
    
                areaColor: '#2a333d'
            }
        }
    },
    series: [
        {
    
    
            name: 'pm2.5',
            type: 'scatter',
            coordinateSystem: 'geo',
            data: convertData([
                {
    
    name: "海门", value: 9},
                {
    
    name: "鄂尔多斯", value: 12},
                {
    
    name: "招远", value: 12},
                {
    
    name: "舟山", value: 12},
                {
    
    name: "齐齐哈尔", value: 14},
                {
    
    name: "盐城", value: 15},
                {
    
    name: "赤峰", value: 16},
                {
    
    name: "青岛", value: 18},
                {
    
    name: "乳山", value: 18},
                {
    
    name: "金昌", value: 19},
                {
    
    name: "泉州", value: 21},
                {
    
    name: "莱西", value: 21},
                {
    
    name: "日照", value: 21},
                {
    
    name: "胶南", value: 22},
                {
    
    name: "南通", value: 23},
                {
    
    name: "拉萨", value: 24},
                {
    
    name: "云浮", value: 24},
                {
    
    name: "梅州", value: 25},
                {
    
    name: "文登", value: 25},
                {
    
    name: "上海", value: 25},
                {
    
    name: "攀枝花", value: 25},
                {
    
    name: "威海", value: 25},
                {
    
    name: "承德", value: 25},
                {
    
    name: "厦门", value: 26},
                {
    
    name: "汕尾", value: 26},
                {
    
    name: "潮州", value: 26},
                {
    
    name: "丹东", value: 27},
                {
    
    name: "太仓", value: 27},
                {
    
    name: "曲靖", value: 27},
                {
    
    name: "烟台", value: 28},
                {
    
    name: "福州", value: 29},
                {
    
    name: "瓦房店", value: 30},
                {
    
    name: "即墨", value: 30},
                {
    
    name: "抚顺", value: 31},
                {
    
    name: "玉溪", value: 31},
                {
    
    name: "张家口", value: 31},
                {
    
    name: "阳泉", value: 31},
                {
    
    name: "莱州", value: 32},
                {
    
    name: "湖州", value: 32},
                {
    
    name: "汕头", value: 32},
                {
    
    name: "昆山", value: 33},
                {
    
    name: "宁波", value: 33},
                {
    
    name: "湛江", value: 33},
                {
    
    name: "揭阳", value: 34},
                {
    
    name: "荣成", value: 34},
                {
    
    name: "连云港", value: 35},
                {
    
    name: "葫芦岛", value: 35},
                {
    
    name: "常熟", value: 36},
                {
    
    name: "东莞", value: 36},
                {
    
    name: "河源", value: 36},
                {
    
    name: "淮安", value: 36},
                {
    
    name: "泰州", value: 36},
                {
    
    name: "南宁", value: 37},
                {
    
    name: "营口", value: 37},
                {
    
    name: "惠州", value: 37},
                {
    
    name: "江阴", value: 37},
                {
    
    name: "蓬莱", value: 37},
                {
    
    name: "韶关", value: 38},
                {
    
    name: "嘉峪关", value: 38},
                {
    
    name: "广州", value: 38},
                {
    
    name: "延安", value: 38},
                {
    
    name: "太原", value: 39},
                {
    
    name: "清远", value: 39},
                {
    
    name: "中山", value: 39},
                {
    
    name: "昆明", value: 39},
                {
    
    name: "寿光", value: 40},
                {
    
    name: "盘锦", value: 40},
                {
    
    name: "长治", value: 41},
                {
    
    name: "深圳", value: 41},
                {
    
    name: "珠海", value: 42},
                {
    
    name: "宿迁", value: 43},
                {
    
    name: "咸阳", value: 43},
                {
    
    name: "铜川", value: 44},
                {
    
    name: "平度", value: 44},
                {
    
    name: "佛山", value: 44},
                {
    
    name: "海口", value: 44},
                {
    
    name: "江门", value: 45},
                {
    
    name: "章丘", value: 45},
                {
    
    name: "肇庆", value: 46},
                {
    
    name: "大连", value: 47},
                {
    
    name: "临汾", value: 47},
                {
    
    name: "吴江", value: 47},
                {
    
    name: "石嘴山", value: 49},
                {
    
    name: "沈阳", value: 50},
                {
    
    name: "苏州", value: 50},
                {
    
    name: "茂名", value: 50},
                {
    
    name: "嘉兴", value: 51},
                {
    
    name: "长春", value: 51},
                {
    
    name: "胶州", value: 52},
                {
    
    name: "银川", value: 52},
                {
    
    name: "张家港", value: 52},
                {
    
    name: "三门峡", value: 53},
                {
    
    name: "锦州", value: 54},
                {
    
    name: "南昌", value: 54},
                {
    
    name: "柳州", value: 54},
                {
    
    name: "三亚", value: 54},
                {
    
    name: "自贡", value: 56},
                {
    
    name: "吉林", value: 56},
                {
    
    name: "阳江", value: 57},
                {
    
    name: "泸州", value: 57},
                {
    
    name: "西宁", value: 57},
                {
    
    name: "宜宾", value: 58},
                {
    
    name: "呼和浩特", value: 58},
                {
    
    name: "成都", value: 58},
                {
    
    name: "大同", value: 58},
                {
    
    name: "镇江", value: 59},
                {
    
    name: "桂林", value: 59},
                {
    
    name: "张家界", value: 59},
                {
    
    name: "宜兴", value: 59},
                {
    
    name: "北海", value: 60},
                {
    
    name: "西安", value: 61},
                {
    
    name: "金坛", value: 62},
                {
    
    name: "东营", value: 62},
                {
    
    name: "牡丹江", value: 63},
                {
    
    name: "遵义", value: 63},
                {
    
    name: "绍兴", value: 63},
                {
    
    name: "扬州", value: 64},
                {
    
    name: "常州", value: 64},
                {
    
    name: "潍坊", value: 65},
                {
    
    name: "重庆", value: 66},
                {
    
    name: "台州", value: 67},
                {
    
    name: "南京", value: 67},
                {
    
    name: "滨州", value: 70},
                {
    
    name: "贵阳", value: 71},
                {
    
    name: "无锡", value: 71},
                {
    
    name: "本溪", value: 71},
                {
    
    name: "克拉玛依", value: 72},
                {
    
    name: "渭南", value: 72},
                {
    
    name: "马鞍山", value: 72},
                {
    
    name: "宝鸡", value: 72},
                {
    
    name: "焦作", value: 75},
                {
    
    name: "句容", value: 75},
                {
    
    name: "北京", value: 79},
                {
    
    name: "徐州", value: 79},
                {
    
    name: "衡水", value: 80},
                {
    
    name: "包头", value: 80},
                {
    
    name: "绵阳", value: 80},
                {
    
    name: "乌鲁木齐", value: 84},
                {
    
    name: "枣庄", value: 84},
                {
    
    name: "杭州", value: 84},
                {
    
    name: "淄博", value: 85},
                {
    
    name: "鞍山", value: 86},
                {
    
    name: "溧阳", value: 86},
                {
    
    name: "库尔勒", value: 86},
                {
    
    name: "安阳", value: 90},
                {
    
    name: "开封", value: 90},
                {
    
    name: "济南", value: 92},
                {
    
    name: "德阳", value: 93},
                {
    
    name: "温州", value: 95},
                {
    
    name: "九江", value: 96},
                {
    
    name: "邯郸", value: 98},
                {
    
    name: "临安", value: 99},
                {
    
    name: "兰州", value: 99},
                {
    
    name: "沧州", value: 100},
                {
    
    name: "临沂", value: 103},
                {
    
    name: "南充", value: 104},
                {
    
    name: "天津", value: 105},
                {
    
    name: "富阳", value: 106},
                {
    
    name: "泰安", value: 112},
                {
    
    name: "诸暨", value: 112},
                {
    
    name: "郑州", value: 113},
                {
    
    name: "哈尔滨", value: 114},
                {
    
    name: "聊城", value: 116},
                {
    
    name: "芜湖", value: 117},
                {
    
    name: "唐山", value: 119},
                {
    
    name: "平顶山", value: 119},
                {
    
    name: "邢台", value: 119},
                {
    
    name: "德州", value: 120},
                {
    
    name: "济宁", value: 120},
                {
    
    name: "荆州", value: 127},
                {
    
    name: "宜昌", value: 130},
                {
    
    name: "义乌", value: 132},
                {
    
    name: "丽水", value: 133},
                {
    
    name: "洛阳", value: 134},
                {
    
    name: "秦皇岛", value: 136},
                {
    
    name: "株洲", value: 143},
                {
    
    name: "石家庄", value: 147},
                {
    
    name: "莱芜", value: 148},
                {
    
    name: "常德", value: 152},
                {
    
    name: "保定", value: 153},
                {
    
    name: "湘潭", value: 154},
                {
    
    name: "金华", value: 157},
                {
    
    name: "岳阳", value: 169},
                {
    
    name: "长沙", value: 175},
                {
    
    name: "衢州", value: 177},
                {
    
    name: "廊坊", value: 193},
                {
    
    name: "菏泽", value: 194},
                {
    
    name: "合肥", value: 229},
                {
    
    name: "武汉", value: 273},
                {
    
    name: "大庆", value: 279}
            ]),
            symbolSize: 12,
            label: {
    
    
                normal: {
    
    
                    show: false
                },
                emphasis: {
    
    
                    show: false
                }
            },
            itemStyle: {
    
    
                emphasis: {
    
    
                    borderColor: '#fff',
                    borderWidth: 1
                }
            }
        }
    ]
};
if (option && typeof option === "object") {
    
    
    myChart.setOption(option, true);
}
       </script>

在这里插入图片描述
视觉映射方式的配置
visualMap 中可以指定数据的指定维度映射到对应的视觉元素上。

option = {
    
    
    visualMap: [
        {
    
    
            type: 'piecewise'
            min: 0,
            max: 5000,
            dimension: 3,       // series.data 的第四个维度(即 value[3])被映射
            seriesIndex: 4,     // 对第四个系列进行映射。
            inRange: {
    
              // 选中范围中的视觉配置
                color: ['blue', '#121122', 'red'], // 定义了图形颜色映射的颜色列表,
                                                    // 数据最小值映射到'blue'上,
                                                    // 最大值映射到'red'上,
                                                    // 其余自动线性计算。
                symbolSize: [30, 100]               // 定义了图形尺寸的映射范围,
                                                    // 数据最小值映射到30上,
                                                    // 最大值映射到100上,
                                                    // 其余自动线性计算。
            },
            outOfRange: {
    
           // 选中范围外的视觉配置
                symbolSize: [30, 100]
            }
        },
        ...
    ]
};

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_43853746/article/details/107180652