记录一个R包安装过程的报错及解决【libpng版本问题】

0. 关键词

R包安装报错：
无法载入共享目标对象（ unable to load shared object ）

 

1. 背景

需要安装的R包：png

操作系统：Ubuntu 

 

2. 报错

#' 本地安装 png 包
install.packages("png_0.1-7.tar.gz", repos = NULL, type = "source")

## Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘png’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...):
##  无法载入共享目标对象‘/home/liangchen/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/png/libs/png.so’：:
##   libpng16.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
## 错误: 载入失败
## 停止执行
## ERROR: loading failed

 3. 解决

从报错信息来看，是系统库的问题。一般来说，系统库的问题可能是：a) 系统库缺失；b) 系统库版本不对。

 3.1 尝试一：apt-get install 

apt-get install libpng-dev
## Reading package lists... Done
## Building dependency tree       
## Reading state information... Done
## Note, selecting 'libpng12-dev' instead of 'libpng-dev'
## The following additional packages will be installed:
##   libpng12-0
## The following packages will be upgraded:
##   libpng12-0 libpng12-dev
## 2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 532 not upgraded.
## 2 not fully installed or removed.
## Need to get 300 kB of archives.
## After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
## Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
## Abort.

apt-get install 并不能安装 libpng16.so.16 ，故放弃。

 

3.2 尝试二：拷贝

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
cp /usr/local/software/anaconda3/lib/libpng16.so.16* .
ldconfig
## /sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16 is not a symbolic link

3.3 尝试三：软链

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
cp /usr/local/software/anaconda3/lib/libpng16.so.16.28.0 .
ln -sf libpng16.so.16.28.0 libpng16.so.16
ldconfig

之后就可以顺利安装 png 包了。

 

 

 

4. 附背景信息（其实没什么关系）：

> sessionInfo()
R version 3.4.0 (2017-04-21)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS

Matrix products: default
BLAS: /usr/lib/libblas/libblas.so.3.6.0
LAPACK: /usr/lib/lapack/liblapack.so.3.6.0

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
 [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8    
 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8   
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] compiler_3.4.0